相山火山盆地组间界面、基底界面特征及其对铀矿的控制作用

通过对相山铀矿田钻孔资料、地球物理资料的综合研究,笔者编制了相山火山盆地火山岩组间界面、基底界面等高线图,初步查明了组间界面、基底界面形态特征和埋藏深度,认为火山岩组间界面变异部位为上部铀矿的重要赋矿空间（第1成矿空间）;基底界面控制着晚期花岗斑岩,也控制着下部铀矿的空间定位（第2成矿空间）.组间界面（变异部位）、基底界面与断裂构造复合处,为铀矿最有利的赋存部位.     

天然气水合物地层钻井时井内温度特征的分析研究

根据热交换原理，提出了井内温度规程的数学模型，按照这个模型可以计算出井内任何时间、任何深度的温度。以冷却空气作为冲洗介质为例，给出了冷却空气洗井钻进时井内温度的简化计算公式和代表性关系曲线，按照这些计算公式和关系曲线可以计算出和看出空气洗井时井内任何时间、任何深度的温度。根据计算和研究的结果，指出了为了保证在冻土中进行正常钻井，从外环状空间内返回的冲洗介质的温度不宜高于0℃，并提出了相应的建议。     

海相优质页岩的形成环境及发育模式——以中扬子地区秭归新滩剖面五峰—龙马溪组页岩为例

运用地球化学和岩石学方法,从古盐度、古气候、古生产力、海域封闭性以及氧化还原条件等方面,分析中扬子地区秭归新滩剖面上奥陶统五峰组—下志留统龙马溪组海相优质页岩的形成环境,并探讨了优质页岩发育的控制因素及模式。结果表明:中扬子地区五峰—龙马溪组优质页岩以硅质页岩为主,主要发育在五峰组至埃隆阶底部;优质页岩主要形成于温暖潮湿、低盐度—正常盐度、弱封闭—半封闭的缺氧环境中,并且具有较高的古生产力;海相优质页岩的发育是构造活动、海平面升降以及陆源—生物硅质供应等多因素综合作用的结果,而在埃隆期之后,随着扬子板块的持续向西北推进,海域面积不断萎缩,生物硅质供应降低,陆源碎屑供应迅速增加,优质页岩不再发育。最后,总结了海相优质页岩的发育模式。     

Graptolite‐Derived Organic Matter and Pore Characteristics in the Wufeng‐Longmaxi Black Shale of the Sichuan Basin and its Periphery

A key target of shale gas exploration and production in China is the organic-rich black shale of the Wufeng Formation-Longmaxi Formation in the Sichuan Basin and its periphery. The set of black shale contains abundant graptolites, which are mainly preserved as flattened rhabdosomes with carbonized periderms, is an important organic component of the shale. However, few previous studies had focused on the organic matter (OM) which is derived from graptolite and its pore structure. In particular, the contributions of graptolites to gas generation, storage, and flow have not yet been examined. In this study, focused ion beam-scanning electron microscope (FIB-SEM) was used to investigate the characteristics of the graptolite-derived OM and the micro-nanopores of graptolite periderms. The results suggested that the proportion of OM in the graptolite was between 19.7% and 30.2%, and between 8.9% and 14.4% in the surrounding rock. The total organic carbon (TOC) content of the graptolite was found to be higher than that of the surrounding rock, which indicated that the graptolite played a significant role in the dispersed organic matter. Four types of pores were developed in the graptolite periderm, including organic gas pores, pyrite moulage pores, authigenic quartz moldic pores, and micro-fractures. These well-developed micro-nano pores and fractures had formed an interconnected system within the graptolites which provided storage spaces for shale gas. The stacked layers and large accumulation of graptolites resulted in lamellation fractures openning easily, and provided effective pathways for the gas flow. A few nanoscale gas pores were observed in the graptolite-derived OM, with surface porosity lie in 1.5%–2.4%, and pore diameters of 5–20 nm. The sapropel detritus was determined to be rich in nanometer-sized pores with surface porosity of 3.1%–6.2%, and pore diameters of 20–80 nm. Due to the small amount of hydrocarbon generation of the graptolite, supporting the overlying pressure was difficult, which caused the pores to become compacted or collapsed.     

中国南方下古生界海相页岩气“优质层段”识别方法与应用

"优质层段"是页岩气勘探开发的重点和热点,国内外学者在相关领域作了诸多探索并取得重要进展,但在选区参数阈值、定性-定量系统分级评价及模板建立方面有待进一步完善。为掌握中国南方下古生界海相页岩气发育的"优质层段",本文以上奥陶统五峰组—下志留统龙马溪组和寒武系牛蹄塘组为研究对象,对页岩气富集高产"优质层段"的识别要素进行分析,优选出中国南方下古生界海相具有页岩气商业勘探价值的区域。通过资料调研和数据分析,①遴选出页岩气"优质层段"三定性(沉积相、构造保存、岩性组合),八定量(含气量、压力系数、有机碳含量、有机质成熟度、孔隙度、脆性、有效厚度、埋深)识别参数;②按照"定性参数圈定有利区-定量参数识别优质层段"叠加递进判别原则,分析了参数获取方法和阈值,建立了中国南方海相五峰—龙马溪组和牛蹄塘组页岩气"优质层段"定量识别模板;③将该方法应用于贵州正安—务川地区,优选出7个页岩气有利区,识别出1个页岩气"优质层段"(安场向斜五峰—龙马溪组),并得到后期钻探成功验证。该方法对中国南方海相页岩气"优质层段"识别有一定的参考意义。     

渤海湾盆地新生界残留地层分布特征及其构造意义

结合实钻井地质资料,对渤海湾盆地内各次级构造单元的地震部而资料进行统层对比与深度校正,获得了渤海湾盆地新生界各主要组段地层残蹦厚度分布图,从整体上反映了全盆地新生界沉积格局与残留地层分布特征通过深入揭示残留地层所蕴涵的构造信息,为正确认识渤海湾盆地新生代形成演化机制提了新的依据.对不同时期残留地层分布面积、沉积中心、沉积长轴的综合分析和对比表明,渤海湾盆地自孔店期至东营期总体上是受两太半洋板块俯冲作用所产生的弧后拉张应力控制,且在其形成演化的整个过程中还持续叠加有右旋剪切应力的影响和作用,并认为这种右旋剪切应力场可能是由郯庐断裂右旋走滑活动和印藏碰撞远距离效应所共同产生的.     

相山火山盆地西部铀矿床分布特征

相山铀矿田目前已发现的矿床主要分布于火山盆地西部和北部。笔者通过对盆地西部铀矿床分布特征、断裂构造及火山岩组间界面控矿特点的研究,认为铀矿区域上受断裂构造控制;火山岩组间界面为铀矿富集空间,西部铀矿床主要富集于火山岩组间界面附近。     

辽宁鞍本地区铁矿床黄铁矿和辉钼矿Re-Os同位素测年及其地质意义

本文利用Re-Os同位素体系(ICP-MS方法)对1件辉钼矿和10件黄铁矿样品进行定年。1件辉钼矿的ReOs模式年龄为(2376±37)Ma,10件黄铁矿获得了3组Re-Os年龄:1(2567±36)Ma~(2540±37)Ma(模式年龄);2(2237±112)Ma(模式年龄);3(1572±140)Ma(等时线年龄)。(2376±37)Ma的辉钼矿形成于古元古代,是目前中国已知最老的辉钼矿年龄之一,其成矿物质来自地壳,(2237±112)Ma的黄铁矿属于热液成因,其成矿物质来自地壳,(2376±37)Ma~(2237±112)Ma的Re-Os年龄代表了一次重要的热液改造事件;(2567±36)Ma~(2540±37)Ma的黄铁矿是原始沉积形成的,是目前中国已知最老的黄铁矿年龄,该年龄代表了2.5Ga形成BIF的地质事件;(1572±140)Ma的黄铁矿形成于中元古代,具有明显的壳源特征,该年龄代表了一次较晚期的热液改造事件。这些年龄为确定鞍本地区铁矿的热液活动时间提供了新的重要证据,对深入认识区域成矿规律和探讨地质构造演化具有重要意义。     

Lower Permian formations of different geodynamic environments in A'nyemaqen ophiolitic zone (Buqingshan Mts., eastern Kunlun, Qinghai Province, China)

Lower Permian formations within the Buqingshan Mountains (A'nyemaqen ophiolitic zone, eastern sector of the eastern Kunlun) were formed in the following paleogeodynamic environments (from north to south): (1) shelf and slope of a passive continental margin in a marginal sea; (2) partially Permian metamorphic rocks of subduclion-accretion complexes and volcanogenic rocks of an ensimatic island arc, of the age limited from above by the Asselian - Sakmarian; and (3 ) an island arc slope and oceanic trench. Subduction-accretion complexes and the island arc volcanites are overlain with a sharp angular unconformity by a carbonate-conglomerate sequence, which presents as local molasse of the Early Permian age. Based on fusulinids from the basal limestone, the age of the local molasse is first defined as the Yakhtashian-Bolorian, i.e. Artinskian-Kungurian (?). The thorough investigations revealed that the initial closure of the eastern Paleotethys within the eastern Kunlun corresponded to the Sakmarian-Yakhtashian (Artinskian) boundary, whereas in the western Paleotethys sector (Northern Pamirs) the closure occurred considerably earlier, prior to the Late Bashkirian. Thus, the idea that the Paleotethys in the eastern Kunlun reached its maximum width in the Permian, is highly questionable. During the Early Permian the A'nyemaqen branch of the Paleotethys intensely decreased. Beginning from the Bolorian (Kungurian) and up to the end of the Permian this branch represented its relict in the form of a marginal sea depression. It may be suggested that the Paleotethys closure in the A'nyemaqen took place gradually from the west to the east and covered a long period from the Late Carboniferous to the terminal Early Permian.     

关于密西西比河谷型(MVT)铅锌矿床的一些探讨

密西西比河谷型(MVT)铅锌矿床是全球最重要的铅锌矿床类型之一,由于其储量大、开发早,在成矿规律研究等方面均取得了重要进展,如成矿物质来源、成矿流体的驱动机制、成矿金属的迁移机制和沉淀富集机制、成矿时代、成矿模式等。文章在总结前人研究成果的基础上,主要从含矿建造和区域盆地卤水活动两个方面对MVT矿床的成矿规律进行了系统的总结和综合研究,厘定了MVT矿床的含矿建造,主要包括特定的含矿岩性组合、盆地中的红层、生烃层等,分析了区域盆地卤水活动对MVT矿床的制约,主要包括区域白云石化与MVT铅锌矿床的空间分布关系、与MVT铅锌矿床常伴生的其他类型矿床,并对MVT铅锌矿床的成因进行了初步的探讨。最后,认为特定的岩性组合(特别是砂岩、碳酸盐岩、泥页岩组合)、含矿岩系下部碎屑岩的褪色蚀变、区域红层盆地的广泛发育、生烃盆地的边缘、区域白云石化的前锋地带等,是MVT矿床及其伴生矿床找矿勘探的重要参考依据。