内蒙古西部乌达矿区煤层自燃的控制因素

煤层自燃是一个复杂的物理、化学和环境作用过程,是多种内在原因和外在条件综合作用的结果.本文分析了内蒙古乌达矿区煤层自然发火的内在原因和外在条件,揭示了煤层自燃的各种控制因素.影响煤层自燃的内在原因包括煤层厚度、变质程度、灰分含量、发热量、硫含量和有机显微组分含量等;外在条件包括地质构造、气候、水文地质、地形地貌、煤层的赋存状况、大矿和小煤窑的开采情况等.最后探讨了对不同成因的煤层自燃采取不同的预防和治理方法,为今后煤火的研究和治理奠定了理论基础.     

五大连池新期火山锥体结构及喷发过程

五大连池新期火山（1719～1921年喷发）包括老黑山和火烧山两座火山。火山由富钾玄武质熔岩盾和锥体组成,造盾喷溢与造锥喷发交替进行。老黑山形成相对较早,喷发规模大,锥体结构复杂,为两期形成的复式套叠锥,晚期锥体中心为漏斗状火山口,火山喷发过程可分为5个阶段。火烧山为一单锥,锥体中心发育破火口,火山活动经历了3个阶段。     

煤岩学在煤可选性研究中的应用评述

阐述了煤岩学在煤可选性评价和预测中的实际意义,并以内蒙古乌达矿区１５号煤层为例,讨论了煤中粘土矿物和黄铁矿的赋存状态及其可选特性,着重论述了煤层的成因对煤可选性的控制作用,为矿区煤的洗选,以达到降硫降灰的目的提供了基础资料和依据。     

不同成因类型煤的可选性评价

煤的可选性受控于煤的聚积环境。通过对内蒙古乌达矿区主采煤层9、10、12、13和15煤中黄铁矿和粘土矿物的赋存特征与煤层成因关系的研究,发现河控下三角洲平原形成的煤层中黄铁矿含量低,粘土矿物含量高,其可选性较好;潮控下三角洲平原形成的煤层,其硫分含量高,粘土矿物含量较低,其可选性中等,而在潮坪沉积基础上形成的煤层中黄铁矿和粘土矿物的可选性最差。      

Roof Shale Flora of Coal Seam 6 from the Asselian（Lower Permian）Taiyuan Formation of the Wuda Coalfield, Inner Mongolia and Its Ecostratigraphic Significance

Roof shale floras help understand the transition of vegetational landscapes from a peat–forming environment to a clastic one, but are seldom investigated in the Cathaysian province(typical present day China and East Asia). Here the roof shale flora of Coal Seam 6 from the lower Permian Taiyuan Formation of the Wuda Coalfield, Inner Mongolia, is systematically described and its ecostratigraphic and phytogeographic implications are discussed. The flora is composed of seven plant groups, including Lepidodendrales, Medullosales, Gigantopteridales, Peltaspermales, Noeggerathiales, Cordaitales and Cycadales. Many of these taxa are also documented in Euramerica, and the floral composition indicates a more intimate relationship between Cathaysia and Euramerica during the Cisuralian than previously thought. However, there are few genera and species in common with those of the underlying peat–forming flora. Moreover, the flora is hardly comparable with the commonly known flora of the Taiyuan Formation. Such assemblage differences are very likely due to changes of taphonomic and environmental phases, rather than evolutionary floral succession. For a full and more precise understanding of the floral composition, succession and the floristic discrepancy in different depositional environments, an ecostratigraphic investigation on the Late Palaeozoic of Cathaysia is advocated.