孢粉资料定量重建泥河湾盆地侯家窑遗址时期的古气候

泥河湾盆地侯家窑遗址在中国旧石器文化及古人类演化进程中占有十分重要的地位,但前人研究多集中在古人类及哺乳动物化石及其地层年代方面,对古人类生存时的古气候、古环境研究较少,更未见定量研究.本文利用最终筛选后的420个表土和83个地层样品的孢粉数据,采用MAT(modern analogue technique)方法定量重建了泥河湾盆地侯家窑遗址220～85ka B.P.的年均温和年均降水序列.依据孢粉定量重建的气候变化序列与大西洋-太平洋深海氧同位素和南极冰芯记录的MIS 5、MIS 6和MIS 7阶段有较好对应.冰期时,泥河湾盆地的年平均气温比现在低2～4℃,年均降水量比现在多200～400mm;间冰期时,年均气温比现在高约1℃,或与现在相近,年均降水量也与现在相近.冰期时,泥河湾盆地的古气候相对稳定,间冰期时波动频繁.侯家窑古人类生活在大理冰期(MIS 6阶段),气候寒冷湿润,丰富的动植物资源成为侯家窑人的主要食物来源,侯家窑人已学会适应和抵御严寒的气候环境.     

杭州市典型土层剪切波速与埋深间的关系分析

基于杭州市丰富的场地钻孔剪切波速资料,采用3种常见的剪切波速与埋深回归分析模型,分析杭州地区5类常规土在场地分类和场地未分类情况下的最优拟合公式和预测范围,并对推荐模型进行可靠性验证,对常规粉质粘土和粉砂进行地区差异性分析。研究结果表明:本文推荐的剪切波速与埋深关系公式具有良好的可靠性;地区、岩土类型和预测深度均对剪切波速与埋深关系模型的可靠性产生显著影响,故应用时应优先选用本地区统计模型,如若未有,则需根据已有资料,对选用模型进行岩土类型和适应预测深度范围验证,以保证所选模型的可靠性;受地区、岩土类型和预测深度的影响,考虑场地分类并不一定提高统计模型的预测精度,在实际工程应用中具有不确定性。     

澳大利亚昆士兰地区地形地质图的数学基础探讨

通过WGS-84坐标系、通用横轴墨卡托投影原理和实际应用的介绍,对澳大利亚昆士兰地区地形地质图的数学基础进行初步探讨,掌握利用MapGIS制作外国地形地质图的过程和方法,为拓展地质找矿空间打下基础。     

利用数字化地震波形资料研究山西中南部地区的非弹性衰减系数、震源参数和场地响应

利用遗传算法反演山西中南部地区14个地震震源谱的低频水平、拐角频率和7个台站的场地响应。结果表明,Q(f)与频率的关系是:Q(f)=299.4f0.563;7个基岩台中岢岚、东山、阳城台在3 Hz~6 Hz附近有6~8倍的放大、离石台在2 Hz~10 Hz有2~3倍的放大。标量地震矩M。与ML震级线性相关较好,震源半径在230 m~508 m之间;拐角频率和地震矩之间的关系表现为拐角频率随地震矩的减小而增大;应力降和地震矩之间存在着应力降随地震矩的增大而增大的关系。     

地震动加速度反应谱场地条件影响调整系数研究

场地条件对地震动特性影响显著,在抗震设计反应谱的确定过程中,需根据场地条件对加速度反应谱予以相应的调整。已有场地条件影响调整方案研究成果,均基于数值模拟或局部地区强震动记录统计,多数仅给出了峰值加速度PGA场地条件影响调整系数,对非线性的考虑缺乏观测数据依据。为此在全球强震动记录统计获得的PGA归一化加速度反应谱和日本钻井台阵记录获得的加速度反应谱平台值非线性衰减指数的基础上,结合钻孔模型数值模拟和近期研究成果,建立了考虑场地条件影响非线性的地震动加速度反应谱场地条件影响调整系数方案。     

辽西城子山遗址夏家店下层文化期农业活动特征及环境效应

以辽西城子山文化遗存剖面为研究对象,运用花粉、炭屑、炭化种子和果壳等指标,重建城子山地区夏家店下层文化期农业活动特征及环境效应.研究显示城子山原生植被主要为松属针叶林,先民采用"刀耕火种"农业模式毁林开荒,导致原生植被消失以及次生榛属灌丛和杂草增加.城子山剖面中禾本科花粉含量峰值与炭屑浓度峰值相对应,表明先民高强度或频...     

稀土资源储备刻不容缓

本文基于全球稀土资源供需形势和我国储量减少的趋势分析了我国开展稀土资源储备的紧迫性.从储备规避“世贸规则”进行间接控制出口、增强在国际稀土市场的话语权以及降低国家外汇储备风险三个方面阐明了我国开展稀土资源储备的必要性.通过借鉴美国和日本在稀土矿产地和矿产品储备方面的成功经验,结合我国稀土资源储备现状,初步构建了适合我国...     

Perceptions of Local People toward Wild Edible Plant Gathering and Consumption: Insights from the Q-method in Hani Terraces

Wild edible plants (WEPs) can provide a variety of provisioning services and cultural services but they are currently under-utilized. Understanding farmers’ perceptions of the collection and consumption of wild edible plant resources is essential for promoting local socio-ecological system resilience and local wild plant resource use. This paper uses the Q-method to investigate the main perspectives of farmers toward collecting and consuming wild edible plants in the Honghe Hani Terraces region of Yunnan Province. This analysis identified four main perspective types among the farmers, including market-driven, household user-driven, cultural service seekers, and tradition followers. It revealed the main factors that limit and facilitate farmers’ WEP collection and consumption, including limitations due to loss of traditional knowledge, and changes in socioeconomic conditions that negatively affect WEP collection and consumption; while, on the other hand, the demand for WEP-related cultural services and the presence of a strong culture slowed down changes in dietary structure, which in turn have maintained WEP collection and consumption. The Q-method can help in identifying the relationship between community residents and local wild plant resource use in rapidly transitioning areas and in identifying the barriers that affect the resilience of local socio-ecological systems.     

贵州三叠纪自然遗产及世界地质公园申报

贵州三叠纪地质—古生物遗迹景观资源的特点是拥有六个世界之最:(1)全球最宏伟、演化历史记录最详尽的三叠纪浅海—深海过渡带;(2)全球保存最系统全面的三叠纪海陆变迁遗迹景观;(3)全球保存最好,研究程度最高的三叠纪孤立碳酸盐岩台地——大贵州滩;(4)全球最丰富多彩的三叠纪海生爬行类—海百合化石群;(5)全球最早、最大的三叠纪Tubiphytes生物礁;(6)全球最好的三叠纪深水遗迹化石群。这些遗迹景观是世界级的自然遗产,应加以保护并据此创建贵州三叠纪世界地质公园。     

Exposure to extreme climate decreases self-rated health score: Large-scale survey evidence from China

High temperature is a growing threat and impacts public health through different exposure mechanisms. Our study constructs a comprehensive exposure measurement based on temperature variability, duration, and effective influence range. We investigate human responses to high temperatures through self-rated health scores based on individual-level data from China Labor-force Dynamic Survey (CLDS). Results show that higher temperature and temperature variability significantly decrease self-rated health scores. Subjective health risk is most significantly related to the cumulative temperature in the previous two weeks. We also find that the exposure effects at night and on weekdays are more severe. Workers who experience greater exposure from commuting and work environments are negatively impacted by high temperatures. In addition, men, the elderly, middle and low education groups, rural residents are more likely to be impacted by high temperatures.