利用测井资料解释含矿岩层的沉积环境

沉积岩是沉积物源及其搬运机理与沉积环境的产物，它可反映沉积物在经受搬运、沉积和埋藏过程中的物理、化学条件的变化粒度、能量和水深诸因素综合起来可指示沉积环境，这些因素在自然电位和电阻率测井曲线上可得到直接或间接的反映，因此，必须掌握基本的沉积环境互相过渡特征及其曲线形态，在砂-泥岩序列中，根据其不同的曲线形态和不同的曲线组合，可识别各地层的沉积环境。     

海底天然气水合物的饱和度预测技术

海底天然气水合物的储量主要取决于水合物的分布面积、水合物稳定带的厚度、沉积层的孔隙度及水合物的饱和度 (或充填率 )等 ,其中水合物在沉积物孔隙中的饱和度对其储量的估计具有重要意义。目前很难通过原地直接测量来获得这种饱和度数据 ,一般根据地球化学或地球物理方法取得。水合物饱和度预测技术主要有 :利用岩心孔隙水氯离子浓度、地球物理测井、地震波速度等间接手段。每一种技术都不是完善的 ,而海底含水合物的沉积物又是一个复杂的系统 ,在预测中应根据实际情况选择比较合适的方法 ,并尽量选择一种以上的方法或模型作多方法校正     

Trajectory Control： Directional MWD Inversely New Wellbore Positioning Accuracy Prediction Method

The deviation control of directional drilling is essentially the controlling of two angles of the wellbore actually drilled, namely, the inclination and azimuth. In directional drilling the bit trajectory never coincides exactly with the planned path, which is usually a plane curve with straight, building, holding, and dropping sections in succession. The drilling direction is of course dependant on the direction of the resultant forces acting on the bit and it is quite a tough job to hit the optimum target at the hole bottom as required. The traditional passive methods for correcting the drilling path have not met the demand to improve the techniques of deviation control. A method for combining wellbore surveys to obtain a composite, more accurate well position relies on accepting the position of the well from the most accurate survey instrument used in a given section of the wellbore. The error in each position measurement is the sum of many independent root sources of error effects. The relationship between surveys and other influential factors is considered, along with an analysis of different points of view. The collaborative work describes, establishes a common starting point of wellbore position uncertainty model, definition of what constitutes an error model, mathematics of position uncertainty calculation and an error model for basic directional service.     

Occurrence of Free-Gas Associated with Methane-Hydrate-Bearing Formations in the MITI Nankai Trough Wells, Offshore Tokai, Japan

Abstract. The MITI Nankai Trough wells were drilled for exploration of methane-hydrate-bearing sediments in association with seismic inferred bottom simulating reflectors (BSRs). In this project, log data showed low velocity compressional-wave (P-wave) layers below methane-hydrate-bearing formations. Dipole shear sonic acoustic tools (DSI) could not acquire accurate compres-sional velocity in this zone, thus it was not possible to accurately correlate between logging, VSP and surface seismic profiles.
Small amount of gas was presumed to cause the problem in obtaining the low velocity P-wave data. VSP interval velocity data was used to assess the DSI inferred low-velocity layer, which showed lower values than the velocity of the drilling muds. Synthetic seismogram was created by VSP-compensated velocity to compare against corridor stack of VSP. As a result, the depths above and below the methane-hydrate-bearing interval were correlated with synthetic seismograms and reflectivity events on the VSP profiles. By using this correlation technique, distribution of methane-hydrate-bearing formations and free-gas-bearing formations can be determined.     

利用高频电磁波测井反演地层介电常数和电阻率

高频电磁波测井响应对地层纵向边界相当敏感 ,在其资料反演中必须重视地层纵向边界位置的提取和反演精度 .首先应用特征识别技术由测井曲线提取地层参数 ,在此基础上建立反演初始地层模型 ,通过分别构造反演地层电参数和纵向边界位置的目标函数 ,采用改进的阻尼型高斯 -牛顿算法 ,实现了对地层电参数和纵向边界位置的交替循环反演 .对含1 7个水平分层的典型地层模型的模拟测井资料进行反演计算 ,测井响应的反演精度达到2 .0 % (平均相对误差 ) ,电参数的误差为 4.4% .     

斜井成像测井资料处理中地层产状的校正方法及应用

从成像测井图像中直接提取的地层产状,只反映测井仪器坐标系中的结果。对于井眼倾斜的情况,只有进行了井斜校正后,才能获得真实的地层产状。作者推导了成像测井地层产状计算结果的井斜校正算法,并将其应用于苏北大陆科学钻探PPⅡ孔超声成像测井资料处理中,给出了应用实例。     

地震、测井联合反演在塔河油田石炭系储层预测中的应用

塔河油田6区石炭系卡拉沙依组储层具有层次多、范围广，展布多呈条带状，横向连续性差的特点，为进一步拓宽该区的油气勘探领域，作者在本文中针对该区地质目标，提出利用地震、测井联合反演技术，对该区石炭系卡拉沙依组砂岩储层的横向分布进行预测，这对塔河油田目前勘探开发具有实际意义。     

Petrophysical characterization and natural fracturing in an olivine-dolerite aquifer

As part of a study investigating the naturally-occurring fractures in mafic rocks, two holes were drilled 450 m apart through the Palisades dolerite sill in New York. Well-2 is 229 m deep and Well-3 was drilled to 305 m, both penetrating through the sill and into the underlying Triassic sediments of the Newark Basin. Both holes were logged with downhole geophysical tools, including the BHTV, which acoustically images fractures intersecting the well. Understanding the fracture pattern, density, and porosity in the sill is essential for identifying possible zones of active fluid flow and high permeability. Using the BHTV logs, 96 and 203 fractures were digitally mapped within the sill in Well-2 and Well-3, respectively. Most fractures appear to dip steeply (76-78°). There is a shift in fracture orientation, however, and these fractures may or may not be continuous over the short lateral distance between Well-2 and Well-3. The lithology of the sill as identified by drill chips is nevertheless continuous between the holes. Both intersect a 7 m thick olivine-rich layer about 15 m above the bottom of the sill. Several fractures identified in Well-2 have large apparent aperture (>6cm) which correspond to high porosity zones (6-14%) observed in the logs. Resistivity logs were used to compute porosity using Archie's law and match well with the neutron porosity log in Well-2. We use the relationship between porosity and fracture aperture within the sill at Well-2 to infer the porosity in Well-3. High-porosity, large-aperture zones, including the target olivine layer, are identified in both holes. Changes in the temperature gradient log indicate active fluid flow in the sill, although flow appears to be most active in the sediments. Direct field measurements of bulk permeability, hydrologic modeling of fluid flow and calibration of fracture and log porosity will be undertaken in the future.     

地球物理测井学科发展战略研究

回顾地球物理测井学科的发展,提出制订学科发展战略的出发点和本世纪来的目标,以及重点发展领域.     

流体饱和砂岩在高压下的物性参数

一、引言 岩石在高围压下的物性参数,包括岩石的体应变、裂纹孔隙度、密度、纵波速度、横波速度和波阻抗等,对石油地球物理勘探和其它许多地球物理学分支都具有十分重要的意义。当前岩性地震和油储地震的发展,为划分地下地层及油气层提供了可能性。由于地下地层构造和岩石物理性质都是未知因素,从而引起解释的不确定性。所以,在实验室内模拟地层环境,测量岩石的物性参数,具有重要参考价值。