一次大暴雨过程低空急流脉动与强降水关系分析

应用香港天文台提供的时空分辨率都非常高的风廓线雷达资料对深圳2005年8月19—20日大暴雨过程强降雨时段进行了详细分析。结果表明，风廓线雷达资料每小时风场揭示每次强降水的发生都对应一次西南急流的迅速加强和向下扩展。低空急流指数I可以说明低空急流的脉动向地面扩展程度与中小尺度降水的密切关系，对强降水的出现及雨强大小有一定的预示性。     

云南思茅—中甸地震剖面的地壳结构

云南思茅—中甸宽角反射/折射地震剖面切割松潘—甘孜、扬子和华南三个构造单元的部分区域. 我们利用初至波和壳内反射波走时层析成像获得地壳纵波速度结构. 在获得新的地壳速度结构模型基础上，利用地震散射成像思想和低叠加次数的叠前深度偏移方法重建了研究区的地壳、上地幔反射结构. 综合分析研究区地壳P波速度模型和壳内地震反射剖面发现：沿测线从北至南地壳厚度从约50 km减薄至35 km左右，地壳厚度的减薄量主要体现在下地壳，剖面北段下地壳厚度约为30 km，剖面南段下地壳厚度仅为15 km左右；上地幔顶部局部位置P波速度值偏低，一般为76～78 km/s，反映出云南地区是典型的构造活动区的特点.剖面沿线地壳内地震反射发育，其中莫霍强反射出现在景云桥下方；在景云桥弧形断裂带8～10 km深处出现宽约50 km的强反射带.     

Comments on: ‘The Neutral, Barotropic Planetary Boundary Layer, Capped by a Low-Level Inversion’ by G. D. Hess, Boundary-Layer Meteorology (2004) 110, pp. 319–355

Precision measurements indicate that the stability capping of the neutral planetary boundary layer (PBL) that leads to a reduced PBL height is caused by the very stable upper part of the PBL, rather than by an overlying inversion. Radiative processes related to liquid water in boundary-layer clouds seem to play the key role for the formation of the stable upper PBL. The famous Leipzig Profile – generally considered as an example of a neutral PBL – has been included in Hess’s analysis because its PBL height is considerably lower than the ca. 3000 m to be expected by numerical models in truly neutral conditions. An analysis of the original observations reveals that the Leipzig PBL was stable and that it can be consistently treated as a ‘normal’ stable PBL with a height of ca. 700 m. A further finding is that the super-geostrophic PBL wind speed maxima predicted by almost all models are not observed in near-steady-state conditions. For the ‘ranking’ of analytical models versus numerical models, the comparisons with measurements show that the analytical models perform comparably well and even partially better than the numerical models.     

本站剖面图资料与前汛期降水的探讨

通过统计分析1991～2005年剖面图资料，发现某些气象要素的特殊变化、一些图形的出现或转换与前汛期降水关系密切，特别是对大雨以上降水预报有一定的帮助作用。     

管线设计中断面数据的压缩算法

本文把空间矢量数据的压缩算法道格拉斯-普克法引入到管线断面数据的抽稀处理中,并对算法进行改进。首先按照一定算法进行整条断面线的粗滤处理,找出地形特征点、平面转折点、地物点等作为关键点,然后依据关键点对断面线进行分段,在段内使用道格拉斯-普克法进行细滤。最后通过实验验证了这种算法能够很好地压缩管线断面点数据,满足管线设计的要求。     

Pleistocene tectonics inferred from fluvial terraces of the northern Upper Rhine Graben, Germany

This study of fluvial terraces of the River Rhine and tributaries aims to search for indications of Pleistocene tectonic activity. The study area includes the northern Upper Rhine Graben (URG), the Mainz Basin and the adjacent Rhenish Massif with the Middle Rhine Valley. High rates of Quaternary surface processes, large amount of human modifications, relatively slow tectonic deformation and presently low intra-plate seismic activity characterize this area. Therefore, the records of relatively slow tectonic deformation are less well preserved and thus difficult to detect. This study uses the relative position of fluvial terraces to determine the more local effects of fault movements on the terraces and to evaluate their displacement rates and patterns. The research is based on a review of previous terrace studies and new terrace mapping from the eastern Mainz Basin and the bordering URG using topographic map interpretations and field observations. This newly mapped sequence of terrace surfaces can be correlated to other terraces in the vicinity on the basis of relative height levels. Terrace correlation between the western Mainz Basin and Middle Rhine Valley relies on a single chronostratigraphic unit (Mosbach sands) and additional relative height correlations. This is the first study to present a continuous correlation of terraces from the western margin of the URG to the Rhenish Massif and enables the study of the transition from the subsiding graben to the uplifted Rhenish Massif. By means of a longitudinal profile, which ranges from the URG to the Rhenish Massif, the influence of individual fault movements on the terrace levels and the large-scale regional uplift is demonstrated. It is evident from the profile that the uplift of Early to Middle Pleistocene terraces increases northwards, towards the Rhenish Massif. The uplift was diachronic, with a significant pulse occurring first in the northern URG (Lower Pleistocene) and later in the Rhenish Massif (Middle Pleistocene). The largest vertical displacements are recorded for the boundary fault separating the Mainz Basin and the Rhenish Massif (Hunsrück–Taunus Boundary Fault) and for faults bounding the northeastern Mainz Basin. The motions and displacement rates calculated for individual faults indicate deformation rates in the order of 0.01–0.08 mm/year. At this stage, the calculation of displacement rates depends mostly on a single dated stratigraphic unit. Additional dating of terrace deposits is urgently needed to better constrain the temporal development of the terrace sequence and the impact of tectonic movements.     

三维地震勘探激发参数选择与分析

文中介绍了山区进行三维地震勘探的重要性及其方法原理。以山西晋城煤业集团某勘探区为实例进行实地勘探和试验,并对试验结果进行了详细的分析,进一步验证了该方法的可行性。     

A three-dimensional finite-element model of wind effects upon higher harmonics of the internal tide

A non-linear three-dimensional unstructured grid model of the M₂ tide in the shelf edge area off the west coast of Scotland is used to examine the spatial distribution of the M₂ internal tide and its higher harmonics in the region. In addition, the spatial variability of the tidally induced turbulent kinetic energy and associated mixing in the area are considered. Initial calculations involve only tidal forcing, although subsequent calculations are performed with up-welling and down-welling favourable winds to examine how these influence the tidal distribution (particularly the higher harmonics) and mixing in the region. Both short- and long-duration winds are used in these calculations. Tidal calculations show that there is significant small-scale spatial variability particularly in the higher harmonics of the internal tide in the region. In addition, turbulence energy and mixing exhibit appreciable spatial variability in regions of rapidly changing topography, with increased mixing occurring above seamounts. Wind effects significantly change the distribution of the M₂ internal tide and its higher harmonics, with appreciable differences found between up- and down-welling winds and long- and short-duration winds because of differences in mixing and the presence of wind-induced flows. The implications for model validation, particularly in terms of energy transfer to higher harmonics, and mixing are briefly discussed.     

川西前陆盆地南部莲花山区地震剖面构造解释及构造特征研究

通过详细的地震剖面解释,结合川西前陆盆地演化史,阐明莲花山地区地下断层及褶皱的几何形态及特征。认为区内部分断层是继承先成断层发育而来,部分断层是喜马拉雅期运动的产物;部分断层存在断层反转现象;控制盆地内沉积的主要因素是几个大断层。     

Control of wind strength and frequency in the Aral Sea basin during the late Holocene

Changing content of detrital input in laminated sediments traced by XRF scanning and microfacies analyses reflect prominent variations in sedimentation processes in the Aral Sea. A high-resolution record of titanium from a core retrieved in the northwestern Large Aral Sea allows a continuous reconstruction of wind strength and frequency in western Central Asia for the past 1500 yr. During AD 450–700, AD 1210–1265, AD 1350–1750 and AD 1800–1975, detrital inputs (bearing titanium) are high, documenting an enhanced early spring atmospheric circulation associated with an increase in intensity of the Siberian High pressure system over Central Asia. In contrast, lower titanium content during AD 1750–1800 and AD 1980–1985 reflects a diminished influence of the Siberian High during early spring with a reduced atmospheric circulation. A moderate circulation characterizes the time period AD 700–1150. Unprecedented weakened atmospheric circulation over western Central Asia are inferred during ca. AD 1180–1210 and AD 1265–1310 with a considerable decrease in dust storm frequency, sedimentation rates, lamination thickness and detrital inputs (screened at 40-μm resolution). Our results are concurrent with changes in the intensity of the Siberian High during the past 1400 yr as reported in the GISP2 Ice Core from Greenland.