1854-2010年川西高原北部初夏气温变化与全球海表温度关系初探

本文利用主成分分析法提取了川西高原北部5个样点反映气温变化的树轮宽度年表的主成分年表,其中第一主成分年表(PC1)的方差贡献率为59.52%,能够较好地代表川西高原北部地区树轮宽度变化的共同特征。在器测时段内(1961-2010年),PC1年表、6-7月区域平均气温观测序列与东亚气温场的相关分布较为一致,均与中国的西北-青藏高原一带以及西伯利亚东部呈现显著的正相关(r > 0.443,p < 0.001),表明PC1年表能够反映较大空间范围的气温变化特征。器测时期,PC1年表和观测序列与全球海温场的相关分析表明,两者均与西太平洋、印度洋及北大西洋海域显著正相关,反映了在海气相互作用过程中多个海区海表温度变化可能对研究区气温变化有一定影响;而利用PC1年表在更长时间尺度(1854-2010年)及分阶段分析则发现不同阶段对区域气温起主导作用的海区有比较明显的差异,甚至在比较大的空间范围内在不同阶段出现相反的分布型,且由相关系数反映出的海气相互作用强度也具有显著的差异,气温波动较大时,海气相互作用也比较强烈。异常年分析则反映出西北太平洋和北大西洋海温异常对研究区气温异常具有持续稳定的影响。     

局部构造环境演化差异性对于成矿的控制作用——以辽西地区东五家子金矿与排山楼金矿为例

辽西地区东五家子金矿与排山楼金矿空间位置相距较近,同属华北陆块北缘东段,且均产于新太古代变质表壳岩-深成岩组合岩系中.然而,东五家子金矿作为石英脉型金矿的代表,与以排山楼金矿为代表的韧性剪切带蚀变岩型金矿在成矿机制、成矿时代及成矿特征等方面均存在较大差别.通过对比分析上述2个金矿的矿床特征,认为局部构造环境演化差异性造成了二者成矿的不同.与此同时,内蒙地轴宝国老隆起石英脉型金矿密集分布的格局与燕山褶皱带北镇隆起韧性剪切带蚀变岩型金矿稀疏分布的格局,这一鲜明反差现象也依据“波的传导”理论得到了较好的解释.与宝国老隆起具有相似局部构造环境的旧庙隆起已发现金矿点稀少,且存在明显Au化探异常,因而有望在该区域发现“东五家子式”金矿.     

Geochemical signature of porphyries in the Baogutu porphyry copper belt, western Junggar, NW China

The Baogutu porphyry copper belt lies in the Darbut transitional island arc of the western Junggar, in the western section of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt in NW China. Our new petrographic results for the ore-bearing porphyry stocks in the Baogutu porphyry copper belt recognize them as diorite porphyry stocks rather than the granodiorite porphyry stocks as previously identified. The copper mineralization is hosted in the diorite, diorite porphyries and related breccias of the diorite porphyry stocks.Geochemical data indicate that the ore-bearing porphyries have a predominantly intermediate composition with a transitional character from tholeiite to calc-alkaline, and are enriched in large ion lithophile elements (LILE) and depleted in high field strength elements (HFSE) with a clear negative Nb anomaly. REE patterns show distinct enrichments in LREE relative to HREE. The rocks also exhibit high initial εNd(t) (+ 2.7 to + 6.3) ratios and low initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr values (0.70359–0.70397). Many samples are chemically similar to adakites (e. g. Yb < 1.9 ppm, Y < 18 ppm, Sr/Yb > 20, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr < 0.7045). These data are consistent with a transitional island arc from immature arc to mature arc and suggest that the ore-bearing porphyry system was derived from the partial melting of multiple sources including oceanic crust and a subduction-modified mantle wedge, with melts undergoing significant crystal fractionation during convergence between the paleo-Junggar ocean and the Darbut arc.     

Imposition of a Proterozoic salient on a Palaeozoic orogen at the eastern margin of Gondwana

Regional analysis of the distribution of metamorphic fabrics and shear zones in the Palaeo-Mesoproterozoic Curnamona Province has enabled the deconstruction of a Cambrian fold arc that defines part of the eastern margin of Gondwana. We suggest a tectonic model whereby the arc formed at ca. 500 Ma, during accretion of Phanerozoic terranes to the eastern margin of Precambrian Australia. The regional fold arc is interpreted to have formed along an irregular plate margin comprising a SE-convex rigid promontory of Precambrian basement during initial accretion of the Phanerozoic terranes during the Cambrian. An early phase of dextral oblique-slip along shear zones in the south and west of the province indicates an initial WNW transport direction. As the arc was folded, a slightly later phase of sinistral oblique-slip shearing was initiated along shear zones in the east, in response to deflection of the arc around the rigid promontory.     

青藏高原西北部帕米尔东北缘构造地貌与活动构造研究

新生代以来,印度板块与欧亚大陆的碰撞和持续的汇聚在青藏高原西北部的帕米尔地区造成了强烈的陆内变形,形成一系列典型的构造地貌。文章在卫片解译、DEM数据处理的基础上,结合野外地质、地貌观察与测量,对帕米尔东北缘的构造地貌与活动构造特征进行了研究,取得以下认识： 1)在英吉沙地区,通过测量地貌变形面计算出英吉沙背斜隆起高度约为230m,并利用面积平衡法估算出英吉沙背斜的最小构造缩短量约为110m,参考前人的年代学数据计算出英吉沙背斜在中更新世以来的最低隆升速率约为0.23mm/a,最小构造缩短速率约为0.11mm/a; 2)在帕米尔前缘,乌泊尔断裂为一条伴随右旋走滑分量的逆冲断裂,该断裂的右旋走滑作用错断了古近纪地层及流过断裂的河流,通过测量单次地震造成的水系错断量并参考前人研究的该地区大震复发周期约为1000年,估算出该断裂的平均走滑速率为 4.0～6.8mm/a,并推测断裂开始活动的时间大约在 2.2～3.0Ma以前; 3)对喀什地区构造地貌特征的观察与研究表明,明尧勒－喀什背斜和阿图什－踏浪河背斜可能分别为帕米尔东北缘西昆仑山山前冲断带和西南天山山前冲断带的前缘,该地区以西,帕米尔东北缘西昆仑山和西南天山两大构造系统已经发生了碰撞和拼贴。     

四川盆地西部须家河组砂岩储层成岩作用及致密时间讨论

运用沉积及成藏理论对四川盆地西部地区须家河组砂岩的岩石类型、成岩作用及其成藏时间研究表明:砂岩储层的主要成岩作用有压实和压溶作用、胶结作用,溶蚀作用、破裂作用以及自生矿物的沉淀作用.压实作用是砂岩粒间孔隙减少的主要因素,然而,方解石的强烈胶结作用以及石英的次生加大作用是造成须家河组砂岩储层致密的关键因素.方解石胶结物和石英次生加大包裹体的温度测定表明方解石胶结物主要发育在100℃～140℃之间,石英次生加大主要发生在80℃～126℃之间,在此温度区间,有机质演化已到了成熟期,并在60℃～80℃之间就开始发生运移.因此,砂岩储层的致密时间晚于天然气的生成和运移时间,砂岩储层的致密时间应该在燕山构造活动期,大约在1.5×10~8 a左右.     

Increase in late Neogene denudation of the European Alps confirmed by analysis of a fission-track thermochronology database

A sharp increase in deposited sediment volume since Pliocene times has been observed worldwide and in particular around the European Alps. This phenomenon has been linked to a rise in denudation rates controlled by an increase of either climatic or tectonic forcing. Observation of in-situ cooling histories for orogens is critical to assess the reality of the inferred increase in denudation rates, and to determine whether this phenomenon is widespread or localized at active tectonic structures. We exploit the unique density of fission-track ages in the Western European Alps to reconstruct cooling isoage surfaces and to estimate exhumation rates on the orogen scale between 13.5 and 2.5 Ma. Our novel technique is based on the association of isoage contours with age–elevation relationships. It uses map-view interpolation, enabling a spatio-temporal analysis of exhumation rates over the entire Western Alps. The resulting exhumation histories reconstructed for eight areas of the Western Alps display strong similarities in timing and rates with orogen-wide average denudation rates inferred from sediment volumes. This consistency validates the use of both techniques for the study of an orogen characterized by strong relief and high recent exhumation rates. We conclude that exhumation rates in the Western Alps have increased more than twofold since Late Miocene times. This increase may have been locally modulated by the distinct response of different tectonic units.     

Isostatic response of the Laccadive Ridge from admittance analysis of gravity and bathymetry data

The Laccadive Ridge (L-R), trending roughly parallel to the west coast of India, is an intriguing segment of the northernmost Chagos-Laccadive Ridge (C-L-R) system. Although crustal nature and isostatic response of the southern C-L-R is well known, there are no similar studies on the L-R. In the present study, the isostatic response of the lithosphere beneath the L-R is estimated so as to characterize its crustal nature, total crustal as well as effective elastic plate thickness and mode of compensation. Twelve gravity and bathymetry profiles across the ridge were analyzed using linear transfer function and forward model techniques. The observed admittance function within the diagnostic waveband of 250 < λ > 80 km (0.025 < k > 0.080 km⁻¹) fits well with (i) the Airy model whose average crustal thickness (T_c) and density are 17 ± 2 km and 2.7 × 10³ kg m⁻³, respectively, and (ii) the thin plate flexure model of isostasy with an effective elastic plate thickness (T_e) of 2–3 km. The estimated average crustal thickness and density are in good agreement with published seismic refraction results over the ridge. The results of the present study support an Airy model of isostasy for the L-R. The low T_e value, in view of other published results in the study area, suggests stretched and loaded continental lithosphere of the L-R during the evolution of the western continental margin of India.     

U-Pb dating of zircon from the Central Zone of the East Kunlun Orogen and its implications for tectonic evolution

LA-ICP-MS and SHRIMP U-Pb dating of zircons from orthogneisses and amphibolite from the Central Zone of the Kunlun Orogen is reported in this paper. One orthogneiss sample has metamorphic zircons yielding weighted average 206Pb/238U age of 517.0 5.0/-6.0 Ma, and the other orthogneiss sample con- tains zircons with inherited magmatic cores giving three population 207Pb/206Pb ages of 955 Ma, 895 Ma and 657 Ma for the magmatic protolith, and metamorphic recrystallized rims with peak 206Pb/238U ages of 559 12/?17 Ma and 516 ± 13 Ma. The amphibolite yielded three populations of weighted average 206Pb/238U age of 482.0 10/?8.0 Ma, 516.2 ± 5.8 Ma and 549 ± 10 Ma for the metamorphic zircons. These dating results recorded the tectonothermal events that occurred in the early Paleozoic and the Pre- cambrian time. The records of the Cambrian magmatic-metamorphic event in the Qinling Orogen, the Altyn Tagh belt, north margin of the Qaidam Block and the Kunlun Orogen suggest that continental assembly probably occurred in the early evolutionary history of the Proto-Tethys.     

近期西太平洋暖池的某些特征

利用１９９１－１９９８年间的观测资料,对近期西太平洋暖池的某些特征及其变化进行了分分析。结果表明,暖池某些特征的变化非常明显,而且ＥＮＳＯ有极好的呼应。