Holocene beach deposits for assessing coastal uplift of the northeastern Boso Peninsula, Pacific coast of Japan

This paper presents a case study that assessed spatial variations in the tectonic uplift rates of beach deposits in the relict Kujukuri strand plain, situated on the northeastern coast of the Boso Peninsula, eastern Japan. The southern Boso Peninsula is tilted downward to the northeast due to plate subduction along the Sagami Trough. However, the cause of the northeastern coast uplift creating the relict strand plain is unclear, due to the absence of a Holocene raised marine terrace sequence. Elevations and ages of beach deposits were collected from drilled cores and ground-penetrating radar profiles along three shore-normal sections in the southern Kujukuri strand plain. From this, alongshore variations in the relative sea level since the mid-Holocene could be seen. These corresponded to north-to-northeast downward tilting at a rate of 0.4 m/ka for an interval 10 km and are concordant with the longer term tilting of the last interglacial marine terrace surrounding the plain. Although it is difficult to assess shore-normal variations of uplift based on the present dataset, the recognized tilting apparently continues to the tilting of the southern Boso Peninsula, implying the Sagami Trough probably affects the uplift of the Kujukuri coast.     

Mineralogical and geochemical investigations of the Dajia Salento-type bauxite deposits,western Guangxi,China

The Dajia Salento-type bauxite deposit in western Guangxi is hosted within the Quaternary ferrallitic soil profile, and it formed via breaking up, weathering and oxidizing of Permian bauxite orebodies occurring as a semi-continuous layer in the upper Permian. Mineralogical analyses reveal that diaspore, hematite and kaolinite are the major minerals in bauxite ores with small amounts of anatase, chamosite, gibbsite, goethite, illite, zircon, quartz and pyrite. The ore texture and mineral assemblage reveal that the depositional/diagenetic environment of the Dajia bauxite was much close to phreatic environment. Both the ore texture and the morphology of zircon grains also indicate that most of the bauxitic soils were transported a short distance. Diaspore is suggested to be non-metamorphic in origin and mainly formed in a reducing condition of diagenetic environment, while kaolinite is the product of the in situ epigenetic replacement of alumina in diaspore by dissolved silica. Geochemical analyses indicate that Al₂O₃, Fe₂O₃, SiO₂ and TiO₂ are the main components of the bauxite ores and trace elements such as Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta, Th and U were enriched during the bauxitization process. Simultaneously, Zr vs. Hf and Nb vs. Ta show a high correlation. Geochemical indices such as Zr/Hf, Nb/Ta and Eu/Eu* (among others) denote that the magmatic rocks related to the Emeishan plume in western Guangxi and the carbonates in the underlying Maokou Formation provided the main sources of material for the bauxite ores.     

西天山喇嘛苏铜矿成矿斑岩的岩石学、地球化学特征及成因探讨

位于西天山别珍套-科古琴晚古生代岛弧西段的喇嘛苏铜矿床是区内最大的铜矿床,与成矿作用有着密切关系的斑岩体为英云闪长斑岩、花岗闪长斑岩,是同源岩浆分异演化的产物,且花岗闪长斑岩可能属于岩浆演化晚期的产物。本区成矿斑岩的主量、微量元素和Sr-Nd同位素地球化学特征表明,其富集大离子亲石元素,而相对亏损高场强元素,出现了较为明显的Ta、Nb负异常,初始锶同位素ISr和εNd(t=390Ma)值分别为0.7072～0.7076和-0.32～0.17,显示壳幔混合源的特征,利用Sr和Nd同位素估算其源区物质约有50%来源于地壳。岩石地球化学特征指示了其为典型钙碱性火山弧花岗岩,暗示其形成于大陆弧环境。结合区域地质背景,推测本区成矿斑岩是在洋壳俯冲作用下发生部分熔融,交代原先的地幔楔,并混合了部分下地壳的物质,经历分离结晶作用的产物,其形成可能与晚古生代准噶尔洋板块向南的俯冲作用有关。结合东西天山的成矿斑岩的地球化学特征对比研究,岩浆源区的差别可能导致不同类型斑岩型矿床的形成,斑岩型铜矿床的形成较斑岩型钼矿床可能有更少的地壳物质贡献。     

豫西嵩县前范岭石英脉型钼矿床地质特征及辉钼矿Re-Os同位素年龄

位于熊耳山-外方山地区的前范岭钼矿是东秦岭地区新近发现的石英脉型钼矿床之一。赋矿围岩为古元古界熊耳群安山质火山岩类。矿体主要以含辉钼矿石英脉产出,矿石类型以石英脉型为主。金属矿物以辉钼矿和黄铁矿为主,脉石矿物以石英为主,其次为方解石、萤石等。围岩蚀变类型有硅化、钾长石化、青磐岩化等。对6件辉钼矿样品进行Re-Os同位素测年所获得的模式年龄为233.3±3.3～248.2±3.5Ma,等时线年龄为239±13Ma,表明矿床形成于中三叠世。矿床的成矿作用发生于华北与扬子两个板块碰撞对接的晚期阶段。区域上整体的挤压造成了局部的剪切和伸展环境,这种环境为控矿断裂的形成和成矿流体的运移提供了有利条件。嵩县境内现已发现的多处脉型钼矿床很可能形成于同一时期(三叠纪),它们构成了熊耳山与外方山之间的嵩县脉型钼矿田。     

贺兰山高压泥质麻粒岩——华北克拉通西部陆块拼合的岩石学证据

贺兰山孔兹岩系作为华北克拉通西部孔兹岩带的重要组成部分,其成因问题一直存在争议。近来,在对贺兰山富铝岩系研究过程中,发现了具有"蓝晶石+条纹长石+石榴石"特征组合的高压泥质麻粒岩。通过岩相观测与相平衡定量模拟,确定其曾经历四个阶段的变质演化过程,即早期进变质阶段(M1)、变质峰期阶段(M2)、峰期后降压阶段(M3)和晚期退变阶段(M4)。早期进变质阶段,以石榴石中包裹黑云母和白云母为特征。变质峰期阶段,以出现"蓝晶石+条纹长石+石榴石"组合为特征,变质温、压条件为850～870℃、1.4～1.5GPa。峰期后降压阶段以峰期石榴石和蓝晶石转变为堇青石和夕线石为特征,温压条件大致为840～860℃、0.6～0.8GPa。晚期退变阶段以出现新生黑云母为标志,温、压条件为780～810℃、0.45～0.55GPa。PT轨迹具有顺时针演化样式,峰期后表现为先发生近等温降压(ITD)、后发生近等压冷却(IBC)的退变过程,反映陆-陆碰撞发生高压麻粒岩相变质作用,后又快速折返到正常地壳深度的变质动力学过程,进而从岩石学角度证明华北克拉通西部孔兹岩带是由北部的阴山陆块与南部的鄂尔多斯陆块发生碰撞所致。     

新疆哈图-包古图金铜矿集区锆石年龄及成矿特点

晚古生代,新疆西准噶尔地区发生了强烈的构造-岩浆活动和广泛的金、铜成矿作用,形成了哈图-包古图大型金铜矿集区。锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄测量表明,含矿闪长岩体形成于312.3±2.2Ma～332.0±2.8Ma,矿集区岩浆活动及其成矿作用发生在石炭纪。哈图-包古图矿集区成矿作用有4个显著特点:(1)地幔流体活动强烈;(2)构造应力转化快速;(3)拉斑系列和钙碱性系列岩浆成矿;(4)多种矿化类型集中发育等。哈图-包古图矿集区发育石英脉型-蚀变岩型金矿床、斑岩型铜矿床和同期的石英脉型-蚀变岩型金矿床以及热液脉型铜金矿床的成矿系列。     

Mud volcanism and fluid geochemistry in the Cheleken peninsula,western Turkmenistan

A geological and geochemical study has been carried out to investigate the relationships between major mud volcano structures and deep fluid migration in the Cheleken peninsula, in the South Caspian Basin. The fluid geochemistry allowed the origin and migration of the saline waters and the hydrocarbons to be deduced along with the regional source and reservoir rocks. The emitted waters formed by the mixing of deep highly saline water from the main source rocks of the Maykop Fm with the Caspian-like pore water contained in the Pliocene reservoirs. The water composition is very similar to that emitted by the mud volcanoes in Azerbaijan, allowing comparisons to be done between the reservoirs in the western and eastern sides of the South Caspian Basin. The associated oil is derived from a mixed type II/III kerogen deposited in a sub-oxic marine environment and generated during the early oil window. The oil biomarkers indicate that the source rock is the Maykop Fm., as previously determined for the other areas of the South Caspian Basin.The spontaneous emissions, showing different morphologies, are mainly aligned along normal and transtensive fault systems, which provide effective pathways for rapid fluid ascent from deep reservoirs to the surface.     

Full retention in tuna fisheries: Benefits,costs and unintended consequences

Several tuna regional fisheries management organizations (t-RFMOs) have adopted retention requirements for skipjack, bigeye and yellowfin tunas caught by purse seine vessels to reduce discards, create disincentives to catch small fish, and incentivize the development and adoption of more selective technologies. Although retention policies in the t-RFMOs have been limited to target tunas in purse seine fisheries, some have advocated for an expansion of those policies, and t-RFMOs could consider expanding retention policies to a greater number of species and/or to other gear types. This paper discusses the benefits and costs of broader retention policies for purse seine and longline tuna fisheries in the western and central Pacific Ocean (WCPO). Using bycatch data from observers and logbooks from the U.S. purse seine and longline fleets operating in the WCPO, this paper documents the types and magnitude of fish discarded. For the purse seine fishery, this information was used to estimate direct impacts of having to off-load at the initial point of landing in key Pacific Island ports. For the longline fishery, estimates of direct impacts were limited to Honolulu and Pago Pago, American Samoa, the two primary ports where U.S. catch is landed. Expanding retention policies beyond the target tunas and to other gear types would further reduce discarding and possibly provide stronger incentives to develop and use more selective techniques. Beyond impacts to the ecosystem and fisher behavior, adopting broader retention policies may have other implications, and this paper explores those implications on vessels, processors, and communities. In general, as is the case with most direct interventions on fishing operations, there will be both benefits and costs, and the magnitude of those impacts will depend on the scope and extent of any expanded retention policy.     

黔西地区基于抗旱找水的打井技术方法分析

黔西地区抗旱找水区域性影响因素明显,需对区域储水构建进行分析研究,为勘察及取水设计奠定基础。在找水过程中,取用数据收集和现场分析的方法,运用物探和遥感地质技术,有效的进行赋水和井深选择。在区域研究从相关的文献资料中寻找理论依据;对技术勘察,取水设计、资料收集、现场分析等几个阶段进行探讨。经过研究得出：在黔西地区找水过程中可以有效的实现富水区段选择,解决当地居民生活用水。     

西澳州Cattle Creek地区铜镍硫化物矿床成矿潜力探讨

西澳州Catlle Creek地区位于金伯利地块西缘霍尔斯克里克(Halls Creek)活动带上,附近发育有深大断裂。研究区内发现多处基性-超基性小岩体及岩脉且存在两处矿化点(带),存在两处1∶5万土壤地球化学甲类综合异常区,二者均主要由Cu、Ni、Au、Mo、Co等元素组成,多个浓集中心,异常套合较好,Cu、Ni的极大值均超过或接近边界品位,甚至工业品位,二者与矿化等信息套合良好。岩体中岩石样品主量元素特征显示其具有辉长岩-苏长岩的成矿专属性特征;在AFM图解上,岩石样品显示原始岩浆为高MgO拉斑玄武岩系列。微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图表明岩体岩浆演化过程中发生过明显的陆壳物质同化混染作用。稀土元素配分图反映出成岩过程中有相似的分异演化过程,并表明岩浆在演化过程中存在明显橄榄石分离结晶作用。研究区与萨凡纳矿床具有很高的可对比性,同时符合古大陆内小岩体成矿系统理论。表明研究区具较高的成矿潜力。