杭州西湖总磷动态变化预测

建立了西湖污染物分析和浓度变化的水质对流扩散模型,并利用该模型对西湖水体引水后７ｄ内总磷浓度的变化进行了预测,然后对预测结果作了较为详细的分析。     

底泥释磷及其对杭州西湖富营养化的影响

杭州西湖是一个小型浅水湖泊,底泥由上部藻骸腐泥和下部泥炭层构成,其显著特点是有机碳含量特别高,氮含量也相当高,而磷的富集程度相对较低。通过实验室和现场模拟研究,考察了pH值、温度、溶解氧、氧化还原电位及上覆水种类等环境因素对底泥释磷量和释磷速率的影响。上覆水pH值在6.5—7.0范围内底泥释磷量最低;在较高或较低pH值时,释磷量倍增。升高水温或降低上覆水溶解氧浓度均能加速释磷。实验室模拟西湖底泥最大释磷量为0.368μgP/g。夏季现场模拟平均释磷速率为1.02mg P/m~2·d;由此估算底泥释磷量达1.346tP/a,相当于年平均外部入湖磷负荷的36.4％。底泥释磷对西湖富营养化起着不容忽视的影响。     

新疆西昆仑造山带北缘中元古代帕什托克闪长岩侵入序列及其地质意义

位于塔里木地块西南缘、西昆仑造山带北缘的帕什托克侵入序列由石英闪长岩-石英二长闪长岩组成,类似TTG组合,形成于中元古代晚期。本文从帕什托克侵入序列的地球化学分析出发,通过对该侵入序列两期侵入岩的主量元素和微量元素的研究,讨论了该侵入序列的成因、构造环境和与其相关的板块间地球动力学模式,认为该侵入序列为I型准铝质高钾钙碱性花岗闪长岩系列,属活动板块边缘碰撞前大陆弧花岗岩类,两期侵入岩为同源岩浆演化,母岩浆属壳幔混合源,且岩浆向酸性演化。根据岩浆演化的物理环境和构造环境,推测早古生代库地洋的完全闭合与库地洋壳向塔里木古陆块俯冲消减有关,是塔里木古陆块和柴达木古陆块在Rodinia超级大陆汇聚过程中的产物。     

西天山石炭纪火山-沉积盆地铁锰矿成矿规律浅析

西天山石炭纪火山-沉积盆地是在穆云库姆-克齐尔库姆-伊犁微板块上形成的陆缘盆地,在伊犁石炭—二叠纪裂谷带发展过程中,经历了拉张至稳定再拉张、火山活动剧烈→平静→强烈的地质构造及火山活动发展过程,控制了盆地内以铁为主的火山成矿作用、火山-沉积成矿作用及化学沉积成矿作用,形成了西天山海相火山-沉积型铁(锰)矿床,具有距火山活动中心由近到远,成矿类型由火山喷溢堆积型至火山沉积型再到化学沉积型的变化规律.     

白洋淀浮游植物群落及其与环境因子的典范对应分析

在对湖泊生态系统健康评价研究的基础上,提出用营养状态-综合指数法（TSI-CI）对西湖进行生态系统健康评价．首先选用Chl．a、SD、TP和TN四个指标用相关加权指数法进行营养状态评价,再选择物化和生物指标无量纲化处理后计算综合指数进行综合评价．结果表明：西湖生态系统健康状况与营养状态水平的变化趋势是一致的,1—3月健康状况相对较好,7-9月相对较差．该结果客观反映了西湖的实际情况,为西湖水质管理提供科学依据。     

Hydrological system analysis and modelling of the Kara River basin (West Africa) using a lumped metric conceptual model

This paper discusses the analysis and modelling of the hydrological system of the basin of the Kara River, a transboundary river in Togo and Benin, as a necessary step towards sustainable water resources management. The methodological approach integrates the use of discharge parameters, flow duration curves and the lumped conceptual model IHACRES. A Sobol sensitivity analysis is performed and the model is calibrated by applying the shuffled complex evolution algorithm. Results show that discharge generation in three nested catchments of the basin is affected by landscape physical characteristics. The IHACRES model adequately simulates the rainfall–runoff dynamics in the basin with a mean modified Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency measure of 0.6. Modelling results indicate that parameters controlling rainfall transformation to effective rainfall are more sensitive than those routing the streamflow. This study provides insights into understanding the catchment’s hydrological system. Nevertheless, further investigations are required to better understand detailed runoff generation processes.

EDITOR M.C. Acreman; ASSOCIATE EDITOR N Verhoest     

综合电法勘探在西秦岭寨上金矿的应用研究

寨上金矿处于西秦岭岷-礼成矿带西端,是我国重要的卡林—类卡林型金矿床。以查明寨上金矿深部地质结构,确定找矿方向,总结成矿规律为目的,梳理近年来开展过的激发极化法、连续电导率剖面测量(EH4)、可控源音频大地电磁测量等地球物理勘探方法,通过与已知钻孔剖面的对比研究,基本查明了寨上金矿深部地质结构电性分布特征以及适用于西秦岭同类型矿床的物探综合电法找矿标志。此外基于地球物理成果,对研究区成矿机制及动力学模型进行梳理,为下一步指导深部勘查奠定了基础。     

Intra-continental deformation and tectonic evolution of the West Junggar Orogenic Belt,Central Asia:Evidence from remote sensing and structural geological analyses

The West Junggar Orogenic Belt(WJOB)in northwestern Xinjiang,China,is located in the core of the western part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt(CAOB).It has suffered two stage tectonic evolutions in Phanerozoic,before and after the ocean–continental conversion in Late Paleozoic.The later on intracontinental deformation,characterized by the development of the NE-trending West Junggar sinistral strike-slip fault system(WJFS)since Late Carboniferous and Early Permian,and the NW-trending Chingiz-Junggar dextral strike-slip fault(CJF)in Mesozoic and Cenozoic,has an important significance for the tectonic evolution of the WJOB and the CAOB.In this paper,we conduct geometric and kinematic analyses of the WJOB,based on field geological survey and structural interpretation of remote sensing image data.Using some piercing points such as truncated plutons and anticlines,an average magnitude of^73 km for the left-lateral strike-slip is calculated for the Darabut Fault,a major fault of the WJFS.Some partial of the displacement should be accommodated by strike-slip fault-related folds developed during the strike-slip faulting.Circular and curved faults,asymmetrical folds,and irregular contribution of ultramafic bodies,implies potential opposite vertical rotation of the Miao’ergou and the Akebasitao batholiths,resulted from the sinistral strike-slipping along the Darabut Fault.Due to conjugate shearing set of the sinistral WJFS and the dextral CJF since Early Mesozoic,superimposed folds formed with N–S convergence in southwestern part of the WJOB.     

Rhyacian and Neoproterozoic magmatic associations of the Gurupi Belt,Brazil: Implications for the tectonic evolution,and regional correlations

The Gurupi Belt, in north-northeastern Brazil, is a mobile belt developed in the south-southwestern margin of the São Luís cratonic fragment and crops out as a tectonic and erosional window within the Phanerozoic cover. Field, petrographic, geochemical, geochronological, and Nd isotopic information (new and published) constrain the timing and types of magmatic associations present in the belt and the tectonic settings in which they formed. The Rhyacian was the main period of magmatic activity, which can be grouped into two main stages. (1) ~2185–2130 ​Ma: pre-collisional, juvenile, calc-alkaline magnesian and calcic ferroan granitoid suites, and minor calc-alkaline and tholeiitic mafic plutonism (now amphibolites), formed in intra-oceanic to transitional/continental arcs; and intra- or back-arc volcano-sedimentary basin. (2) ~2125–2070 ​Ma: syn- (two-mica granites) to late-collisional (potassic to shoshonitic granites and quartz-syenite) plutonic suites produced after crustal thickening and melting, with localized migmatization, that intruded during the compressive D₁ deformational phase and concomitantly with greenschist to amphibolite metamorphism. There is a zonation of the Rhyacian episodes, with intra-oceanic stages occurring to the northeast, and the continental arc and collisional phases occurring to the southwest, indicating the presence of an active continental margin to the southwest, and subduction from NE to SW (present-day configuration). This magmatic framework is a continuation to the south of what is described for the São Luís cratonic fragment to the north, and the orogenic scenario is identical to what is observed for the same period in the West African Craton (Eburnean/Birrimian orogen), which additionally supports previous geological correlations. In the Neoproterozoic, a few magmatic occurrences are recognized. An extensional event allowed the intrusion of an anorogenic, nepheline syenite at ca. 730 Ma, which was followed by the intrusion of a crustal, calc-alkaline microtonalite, of uncertain tectonic setting, at 624 ​Ma. Both intrusions underwent greenschist to amphibolite facies metamorphism between 580 Ma and 529 ​Ma. This metamorphic event is probably related to crustal thickening, which produced crustal melting and intrusion of two-mica granites between 595 Ma and 549 ​Ma. The absence of oceanic and arc-related assemblages, along with geophysical information about the basement of the Phanerozoic cover indicates an intracontinental setting for the Neoproterozoic–Early Cambrian evolution of the Gurupi Belt, with rifting and posterior closure of the basin, without oceanization. Rifting and closure correlate in time with the onset of Rodinia breakup and West Gondwana assembly, respectively, but we interpret the events in the Gurupi Belt as having no direct role in these two global supercontinent-related events, but, instead, as being related to orogenic events occurring in the periphery of the West African and Amazonian cratons at that time.     

Double-difference tomography of P- and S-wave velocity structure beneath the western part of Java,Indonesia

West Java in the western part of the Sunda Arc has a relatively high seismicity due to subduction activity and faults. In this study, double-difference tomography was used to obtain the 3D velocity tomograms of P and S waves beneath the western part of Java. To infer the geometry of the structure beneath the study area, precise earthquake hypocenter determination was first performed before tomographic imaging. For this, earthquake waveform data were extracted from the regional Meteorological, Climatological, Geophysical Agency (BMKG) network of Indonesia from South Sumatra to Central Java. The P and S arrival times for about 1,000 events in the period April 2009 to July 2016 were selected, the key features being events of magnitude > 3, azimuthal gap < 210° and number of phases > 8. A nonlinear method using the oct-tree sampling algorithm from the NonLinLoc program was employed to determine the earthquake hypocenters. The hypocenter locations were then relocated using double-difference tomography (tomoDD). A significant reduction of travel-time (root mean square basis) and a better clustering of earthquakes were achieved which correlated well with the geological structure in West Java. Double-difference tomography was found to give a clear velocity structure, especially beneath the volcanic arc area, i.e., under Mt Anak Krakatau, Mt Salak and the mountains complex in the southern part of West Java. Low velocity anomalies for the P and S waves as well as the v_P/v_S ratio below the volcanoes indicated possible partial melting of the upper mantle which ascended from the subducted slab beneath the volcanic arc.