‘Boundary’ in Ancient Persian Tradition of Statehood

It is universally accepted that the need for defining precise lines of separation and points of contacts between states is the byproduct of the emergence of nation-states and ‘world economy’ in the 19th century Europe. Nevertheless, it is hard to overlook the fact that these modern notions are rooted in periods prior to the emergence in Europe of nation-states. There are indications that ancient civilizations were familiar with the notion of ‘state’ in connection with the concepts of territory and boundary. Ancient texts reveal that this basic principle existed in ancient Persian literature in respect of matters of state, territory, and boundary. Similarly, the likelihood exists that these Persian notions could have influenced Roman civilization. It is widely believed that a combination of ancient Greco-Roman and Persian civilizations is a major contributor to what culturally constitutes ‘West’. Later in the Sassanid period the inter-linked notions of state, territory, and boundary developed substantially, coming quite close to their contemporary forms. On the other hand, considering that ‘justice’ was the corner stone of ancient Persian Political philosophy, the idea that ancient Persian spatial arrangement might have contributed to the evolution of the concept of democracy in the West may not be too difficult to contemplate.     

西秦岭太阳山斑岩铜-钼矿床岩体氧逸度及成矿意义

甘肃天水三叠纪太阳山斑岩铜钼矿床位于西秦岭造山带东段。矿体主要赋存于石英闪长斑岩、二长斑岩、石英二长斑岩和泥盆系大草滩群。氧逸度是表征岩石物理化学性质的重要参数,对岩浆热液成矿具有明显的控制作用。在综合评述常用氧逸度计算方法及适用性的前提下,文中应用激光剥蚀等离子质谱分析方法对太阳山矿床含矿岩体锆石微量元素进行测定,选用含量较高的Sm、Nd进行Ce异常计算,查明含矿斑岩岩浆氧逸度,探讨其成矿意义。太阳山矿床岩浆氧逸度计算结果表明,太阳山成矿二长斑岩和石英二长斑岩相对氧逸度ΔFMQ分别为+3.04和+3.15,成矿前石英闪长斑岩相对氧逸度ΔFMQ为-1.83,成矿岩体氧逸度明显高于成矿前岩体。成矿岩体岩浆氧逸度高于成矿前岩体的原因可能与富集地幔有关。富集岩石圈地幔的加入,带来了大量的硫和金属铜,并提高了岩浆氧逸度。     

Worldview2数据在西昆仑老并—赞坎矿集区铁矿调查中的应用

正赞坎—老并矿集区位于新疆塔什库尔干县,属于西昆仑成矿带塔合曼—西若达坂铁矿成矿区,研究区高寒缺氧,地形切割强烈,人烟稀少,交通极为不便,面积性的野外矿产地质调查工作面临挑战,难以获取系统、全面、翔实的资料(王俊峰等,2013)。遥感技术作为当今矿产调查的主要技术手段之一,越来越得到重视,特别是高分辨率的WorldView-Ⅱ数据能够提供全色0.46 m和多光谱     

Geochemistry of rare-earth elements in shallow groundwater,northeastern Guangdong Province,China

Shallow groundwater and hot springs were collected from northeastern Guangdong Province, Southeast China, to determine the concentrations and fractionation patterns of rare-earth elements(REE). The results show that the La, Ce and Nd of REEs are abundant in groundwater and rock samples, and the ∑REE contents in groundwater and rock samples range from 126.5 to 2875.3 ng/L, and 79.44 to 385.85 mg/L, respectively. The shallow groundwater has slightly HREE-enriched PAAS-normalized patterns. However, the granitic rocks PAAS-normalized patterns, with remarkable negative Eu anomalies, are different from that of shallow groundwater. The enrichment of HREE is considered to be controlled by REE complexation and readsorption for most groundwater has Ce and Eu positive anomalies. The Ce and Eu anomalies in groundwater are controlled by redox conditions. Moreover, the Fe-contain sediments dissolution and/or the reduction of Fe oxyhydroxides are another factor contributing to Ce anomalies. The Eu anomalies in groundwater are controlled by the preferential mobilization of Eu2+ during water-rock interaction compared to Eu3+.     

西秦岭温泉钼矿床成矿作用时限及其对斑岩型钼矿床系统分类制约

斑岩系统是一个涉及岩浆和热液作用的复杂系统,建立精细的斑岩系统成因模型对于寻找更为丰富的金属矿产尤为重要,成矿作用时限是建立成因模型和指导矿产勘查的关键。温泉钼矿床是西秦岭造山带内与晚三叠世花岗岩有关的斑岩型钼矿床,其在西秦岭造山带的独特发育蕴含印支期斑岩成矿作用、大陆地壳演化及矿产勘查关键科学问题。钼矿体主要赋存于温泉复式岩体Ⅱ单元和Ⅲ单元的黑云母二长花岗斑岩和似斑状二长花岗岩中,钼以细脉和浸染状矿化形式产出。赋矿岩石单元锆石U-Pb年龄为224.6±2.5Ma到216.2±1.7Ma,Ⅱ和Ⅲ单元分别侵位于~223Ma和~217Ma,持续约8Myr。辉钼矿Re-Os年龄为212.7±2.6Ma到215.1±2.6Ma,暗示晚三叠世钼成矿作用与花岗质岩浆作用密切时空关系,且成矿年龄稍晚,反映钼矿化主要发生在岩浆作用晚期阶段。成岩、成矿作用发生于华北板块与华南板块全面对接后秦岭造山带构造体制由碰撞到后碰撞的转折阶段,响应南秦岭变质变形、勉-略洋盆闭合及大别-苏鲁超高压岩石板片折返统一地质事件。黑云母K-Ar年龄为207~226Ma,可能反映~223Ma和~208Ma的岩体冷却事件和~216Ma的岩浆-热液成矿作用。锆石U-Pb、辉钼矿Re-Os和黑云母K-Ar多元同位素定年系统准确刻画岩体侵位、热液成矿与冷却事件上有所重叠,岩浆-热液分异演化充分,且具有较高的冷却速率,精确厘定温泉斑岩系统岩浆活动的"多期性"(复式岩体)、成矿事件的"瞬时性"(~214Ma)和成矿作用的"持续性"(~8Myr)。同时,系统对比全球典型斑岩钼(铜)矿床成矿动力学背景,细化分类方案,即产于挤压背景的大洋俯冲和大陆碰撞环境矿床及产于伸展背景的后碰撞、陆缘弧后和板内裂谷环境矿床。明确在大洋俯冲→大陆碰撞→后碰撞→板内裂谷旋回的四个阶段均可以产生规模的斑岩型钼(铜)矿床,且挤压向伸展过渡的构造体制转换尤其是大型矿床形成的有利环境。     

粤北大宝山矿区徐屋岩体SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

徐屋岩体位于粤北大宝山矿区南部,是区内花岗岩体的重要组成部分。首次采用SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年方法对徐屋岩体进行了年代学研究,获得其成岩年龄为441.2±4.2Ma(MSWD=1.02),表明其为加里东期岩浆活动的产物。结合前人年龄数据表明,大宝山矿区存在有加里东期和燕山期2次成岩作用和1次成矿作用,且成矿作用与燕山期花岗岩关系密切。     

广东江门水稻品质与地质地球化学关系研究

重点开展了江门水稻种植区的生态地球化学调查。系统采集了全区表层土壤、稻谷及配套根系土样品,实测了营养、有益元素以及大米营养品质含量。通过开展生态地球化学评价,查明了影响水稻品质的主要地质地球化学因素,建立了特色农产品地质地球化学模型,开展了农产品适宜性评价和区划。     

广东岩溶区某输电塔桩基稳定性数值模拟分析

采用数值模拟手段研究了广东某岩溶区输电塔桩基与下伏溶洞协同变形的规律。通过不同位置应力、位移、塑性区变化监测,发现覆盖层部分应力分布较均匀,受溶洞影响较小,但溶洞围岩应力变化较大,溶洞顶板出现较大的向下弯曲变形,桩底下移明显,特别是当桩基荷载较大且下伏覆溶洞埋深较浅时,溶洞顶板将可能失稳,进而引起桩基破坏。不同嵌岩深度桩基变形特征表明,桩基嵌岩深度与溶洞变形具有正相关关系。     

西昆仑塔什库尔干地区老并石膏磁铁矿地质特征及成矿作用过程探讨

老并石膏磁铁矿位于塔阿西大断裂西侧,为一种新的矿床类型。笔者依据最新大调查、详查及勘探成果,通过矿区地质、矿床地质等方面综合分析研究,认为老并石膏磁铁矿成矿过程为海底火山活动带来了大量的炽热含盐和金属溶液,形成含矿溶液;含矿溶液在Eh、pH值差异的驱动下运移,并在特定的物理化学条件下,导致铁质的卸载沉淀,形成磁铁矿;同时由于炽热的含矿溶液与海水相互作用,为硬石膏的形成提供了S的物质来源,从而出现石膏、磁铁共生的现象。对于深化西昆仑地区磁铁矿成矿带成矿认识,总结区域成矿规律具有一定的理论意义和实践意义。     

广东省典型铜矿床区域地球化学异常特征

广东省铜矿床具产地分散、类型多样、储量集中的特点。以八个典型铜矿床为例,探讨铜异常及其元素组合特征,得出:①铜富集部位对已知矿的反映较好;②规模相似的不同类型铜矿床,其铜异常面积相近,但铜平均含量差异较大;③斑岩型铜矿的Cu、Mo、Sb组合,岩浆热液型、矽卡岩型、复成因型铜矿的Cu、Pb、Zn、Ag、Cd、Bi、Mo、W、Sn、Mn组合,火山岩型铜矿的Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Ag、As组合较稳定。这些结论为进一步了解广东省铜矿的成矿规律及开展地质勘查、地质评价工作提供了一定的科学依据。