国家地下水监测工程(自然资源部分)西辽河平原监测区建设成果概述

为落实国家地下水监测工程与地下水质监测工作任务,实现对西辽河平原地下水动态的有效监测,国家地下水监测工程(自然资源部分)在西辽河平原监测区共布设了国家级地下水自动监测井117 眼,其中新建监测井93 眼,改建机民井24 眼,安装自动监测仪器117 套.监测区控制面积57 000 km2,主要监测层位为第四系松散沉积物孔隙水含水层,监测层位最大深度为206 m.建成了国家地下水监测工程信息服务系统,提升了地下水监测信息获取、分析、共享和服务能力.该项目的实施大幅度提高了监测区地下水的监测频次以及信息的时效性、可靠性和准确性.     

安徽明光石坝地区新近纪地层层序的厘定

安徽明光石坝地区新近纪地层划分方案不一 ,通过地层剖面的测制和利用构造—岩性—岩相法进行地质填图 ,系统采集 ESR测年样 ,并结合区域对比 ,自下而上将该区新近纪地层划分为下草湾组、桂五组。其中下草湾组为原“下草湾组”的下段 ,时代为中新世 ;桂五组则包括原“下草湾组”的上段 ,时代为上新世。     

Efficacy of Selected Compounds on Thermocyclops oblongatus,one of the Main Intermediate Hosts of Guinea Worm in Africa

Ten selected compounds were tested on Thermocyclops oblongatus to determine their ability to be used for treatment of drinking water sources. None were shown to be interesting for individual application in household water tanks. Tested compounds, such as potassium permanganate or chlorine-releasing products, were ineffective or affected dramatically the taste or colour of the water. For collective application in water sources, temephos appeared to be the most valuable pesticide because it was effective against cyclops and harmless for environment. Other pesticides should be proposed as substitutes in case of cyclops resistance to temephos.     

西部开发过程中土地利用控制的必要性及措施

从西部开发的历史经验与教训、土地利用的不合理现状等方面，阐述国家在实施西部地区大开发战略中加强土地利用控制的必要性及其重要意义。在此基础上，提出土地利用控制的目标与任务。分析了对西部经济发展、自然生态环境建设与保护等密切相关的耕地、林地和草地等在土地利用与控制中存在的问题，进而提出相应的土地利用控制措施与对策。     

基于小波变换的反射光谱分析在蛇绿岩识别中的应用研究——以西准噶尔地区为例

介绍了基于小波变换的反射光谱分析技术的基本理论和方法;运用此技术手段对克拉玛依市白碱滩区西侧地区40条岩石野外光谱曲线数据进行了定量处理,总结并分析了蛇绿岩套中常见典型岩石(基性混杂岩、辉长岩、橄榄岩、蛇纹石)的光谱特征及其产生原因.最后,结合ETM+波段范围提出了适用于西准噶尔地区多波段遥感影像光谱角(Spectral Angle Mapper,SAM)提取模型,从遥感影像上识别蛇绿岩分布奠定了良好的基础.     

基于统计学习方法的安徽省安庆市自然资源自动化监测——以山体为例

遥感作为一种可以快速、大范围获取地表覆盖信息的技术手段,为复杂的自然资源调查任务提供了可靠的数据来源。针对山体确界问题,以遥感卫星影像为数据支撑,采用非监督的统计学习方法,为山体特征建模。然后,采用DBSCAN算法和边缘检测思想,识别山体区域,并提取山体边界。该方法不依赖于人工标记真值,实现了山体边界的全自动识别。实验采用安庆市Landsat 8遥感卫星影像数据,有效识别了安庆市境内的山体,并提取山体边界。通过定性和定量化分析,验证了方法的可靠性,证明了遥感技术和统计学习理论在自然资源调查领域的应用潜力。该研究方法和结果能够为安庆市明确山体范围,界定山体的完整性与山体保护规划工作提供理论支撑。     

Coal mining along the Warfield Fault, Mingo County, West Virginia: a tale of ups and downs

Mine development along a 15-mile (24 km) section of the Warfield Fault in Mingo County, West Virginia has broadened the geological understanding of the fault and its related structures. The fault has been exposed in two new road cuts, one in the northeast-trending segment at Neely Branch and one in the eastern east-trending segment at the head of Marrowbone Creek. Both exposures show a well-defined normal fault with a 45° to 55° N dip, juxtaposing sandstone/shale packages from the roof and the floor of the Coalburg seam. The fault is associated with a thin gouge zone, some drag folding, and parallel jointing. Its trace tends to run parallel to the crest of the adjacent Warfield Anticline. Based on underground mine development and detailed core drilling, the vertical offset along the fault plane ranges from a maximum of 240 ft (73 m) in the central part of the area near the structural bend to less than 100 ft (30 m) in western and eastern directions. The fault is located along the relatively steeply dipping (locally in excess of 25%) southern limb of the Warfield Anticline, and appears related to a late phase of extension involving folded Pennsylvanian strata. On a regional scale, the lithological variations across the fault do not suggest any appreciable strike-slip component.Underground room and pillar mines in the Coalburg seam north and south of the fault have been greatly impacted by the Warfield structures. Due to the combined (and opposite) effects of the folding and faulting, the northern mines are located up to 400 ft (125 m) higher in elevation than the southern ones. Overland conveyor belts connect mining blocks separated by the fault. The practical mining limit along the steep slopes toward the fault is around 15%. Subsidiary normal faults with offsets in the 5- to 15-ft (1.5–4.5 m) range are fairly common and form major roof control and production hurdles. Overall, the Warfield structures pose an extra challenge to mine development in this part of the Appalachian Coalfields.     

安徽龙河口水库流域沉积物中粘土矿物分析及其环境意义

龙河口水库是巢湖上游的重要水源地,对水库钻孔ALE的粘土矿物进行定性和半定量分析,发现水库沉积的粘土矿物主要是绿泥石(含绿泥石/蛭石混层矿物),多年平均含量达40%,其次是高岭石和伊利石及少量的蒙皂石,伊利石的多年平均含量只有21%,远低于该流域中晓天河(54%)和滑石河(63.5%)的表层样。水库和龙潭河粘土矿物的含量组成较相似,与晓天河和滑石河差别较大。表层样中粘土矿物的差异主要受流域的地质地貌的影响,水库沉积物中粘土矿物的特征主要与环境动力和粘土矿物的结晶习性有密切的关系。     

基于遥感与GIS技术的吉林省西部土地沙漠化现状及发展趋势研究

对吉林省西部20世纪80年代与90年代中期卫星遥感图像进行解译，利用GIS技术，结合野外调查，研究了吉林省西部土地沙漠化现状、发展趋势、成因及防治对策，认为吉林省西部土地沙漠化仍有扩张的趋势，人类的生产活动是本区土地沙漠化最主要的原因。     

西秦岭关家沟组晚奥陶世苔藓植物孢子和陆生维管束植物小孢子化石

西秦岭文县东峪口—关家沟一带分布的关家沟组为一套粗碎屑流和浊流沉积组合,因缺乏古生物化石,其形成时代长期存在争议。在文县关家沟滴水岩剖面中、下部4件灰色粉砂质板岩样品中分离并鉴定出了晚奥陶世苔藓植物孢子（隐孢子）（ cryptospores）和陆生维管束植物小孢子（miospores）化石8属18种（包括未定种）、疑源类（acritarchs）8属10种、几丁虫（chitinozoa）3属4种和虫颚（scolecodonts）3属3种,这些微体化石的地质时代相当于西欧Carodoc-Ashgill阶。在这些样品中发现苔藓植物孢子和早期陆生维管束植物小孢子,不仅是中国奥陶纪地层中首次发现和报道,而且也为研究早期陆生植物演化提供新的直接依据。西秦岭文县东峪口—关家沟一带分布的关家沟组为一套粗碎屑流和浊流沉积组合,因缺乏古生物化石,其形成时代长期存在争议。在文县关家沟滴水岩剖面中、下部4件灰色粉砂质板岩样品中分离并鉴定出了晚奥陶世苔藓植物孢子（隐孢子）（ cryptospores）和陆生维管束植物小孢子（miospores）化石8属18种（包括未定种）、疑源类（acritarchs）8属10种、几丁虫（chitinozoa）3属4种和虫颚（scolecodonts）3属3种,这些微体化石的地质时代相当于西欧Carodoc-Ashgill阶。在这些样品中发现苔藓植物孢子和早期陆生维管束植物小孢子,不仅是中国奥陶纪地层中首次发现和报道,而且也为研究早期陆生植物演化提供新的直接依据。