大震前井水位长周期波生成机理的实验证据

根据一些学者的岩石力学实验结果证实岩石在大破裂前能够产生一种长周期、小振幅的低频事件,并依此来解释大震前井水位长周期事件的物理机制.研究结果表明,大震前井水位长周期事件反映了震源的内部信息,是大震前断裂失稳扩展前预扩展所产生的一种波,是震源成核过程的反映.     

小波分析方法在提取井水位潮汐因子震前变化特征的初步应用

运用小波分析方法对1990年常熟、1995年苍山和1996年南黄海三个中强地震前江苏地区井水位固体潮的变化特征进行了研究，发现井水位M2波潮汐因子在地震前几个月几乎都出现一个幅度较大、周期为半月或一个月左右的异常信号，表明小波分析方法在处理和分析井水位潮汐资料方面可能是一种有效的方法。     

A statistical procedure for the analysis of seismotectonically induced hydrochemical signals: A case study from the Eastern Carpathians, Romania

Changes in the stress field of an aquifer system induced by seismotectonic activity may change the mixing ratio of groundwaters with different compositions in a well, leading to hydrochemical signals which in principle could be related to discrete earthquake events. Due to the complexity of the interactions and the multitude of involved factors the identification of such relationships is a difficult task. In this study we present an empiric statistical approach suitable to analyse if there is an interdependency between changes in the chemical composition of monitoring wells and the regional seismotectonic activity of a considered area. To allow a rigorous comparison with hydrochemistry the regional earthquake time series was aggregated into an univariate time series. This was realized by expressing each earthquake in form of a parameter “e”, taking into consideration both energetic (magnitude of a seismic event) and spatial parameters (position of epi/hypocentrum relative to the monitoring site). The earthquake and the hydrochemical time-series were synchronised aggregating the e-parameters into “earthquake activity” functions E, which takes into account the time of sampling relative to the earthquakes which occurred in the considered area. For the definition of the aggregation functions a variety of different “e” parameters were considered. The set of earthquake functions E was grouped by means of factor analysis to select a limited number of significant and representative earthquake functions E to be used further on in the relation analysis with the multivariate hydrochemical data set. From the hydrochemical data a restricted number of hydrochemical factors were extracted. Factor scores allow to represent and analyse the variation of the hydrochemical factors as a function of time. Finally, regression analysis was used to detect those hydrochemical factors which significantly correlate with the aggregated earthquake functions.This methodological approach was tested with a hydrochemical data set collected from a deep well monitored for two years in the seismically active Vrancea region, Romania. Three of the hydrochemical factors were found to correlate significantly with the considered earthquake activities. A screening with different time combinations revealed that correlations are strongest when the cumulative seismicity over several weeks was considered. The case study also showed that the character of the interdependency depends sometimes on the geometrical distribution of the earthquake foci. By using aggregated earthquake information it was possible to detect interrelationships which couldn't have been identified by analysing only relations between single geochemical signals and single earthquake events. Further on, the approach allows to determine the influence of different seismotectonic patterns on the hydrochemical composition of the sampled well. The method is suitable to be used as a decision instrument in assessing if a monitoring site is suitable or not to be included in a monitoring net within a complex earthquake prediction strategy.     

国际油气井钻头进展概述 (四)——PDC钻头发展进程及当今态势（下）

近年来,非平面PDC切削齿,如浅凹面PDC齿、Stinger毒牙中心锥形齿、Stinger毒牙刀翼锥形齿、AxeBlade斧式脊形PDC齿和StayCool保持冷却PDC齿等制造的钻头,逐步在油气钻井中得到有效的应用。这些钻头能够以较高的钻进效率和工作寿命钻进某些硬岩和研磨性地层。为了满足水平钻井,特别在页岩气水平井中能够强力排除岩屑,并具有优良的钻井导向性能,国际著名公司推出了许多新型钻头,如ONXY Ⅱ矛式PDC钻头、Seeker导向PDC钻头、CounterForce反力PDC钻头、Speed快速PDC钻头等用于当代油气钻井,取得了良好的效果。文章还介绍了Defyer DPA套管钻头与CuttPro PDC防剪切保护帽。提出了以下建议：继续深入研究PDC钻头,以提高其性能,更好地满足油气钻井的要求;组合化钻头是油气钻头发展的重要趋势;比金刚石性能更好的钻头切削材料有可能今后发现或合成,可用于制作更佳钻井钻头;我国钻头企业需重组和发展状大;各种钻头技术创新应该加强。     

Main technical innovations of Songke Well No.2 Drilling Project

Songke Well No.2, one of the main part of the scientific drilling project in Songliao Basin, which was drilled 7018 m and acquired the part of cores continuously from the Low Cretaceous to the Carboniferous and the Permian from the 2843 m deep, can be considered as the deepest continental drilling project in Asia. Aiming at the features of longer well sections, larger diameters and multiple spud-ins for coring of Songke Well No.2, this project broke through the “coring in small diameter and reaming in large diameter” spud-in drilling-completion procedures which are always used in large-diameter-well coring for continental scientific drilling projects in domestic and overseas and the drilling method of short-single-cylinder roundtrip footage. At the same time, “coring in the same diameter and completing drilling at one single diameter” was achieved at all φ311 mm and φ216 mm coring sections of more than one thousand meters long, high-efficient operation with “drilling long footage with drill tools combined in multi-cylinders” was achieved at deep coring section. Four world drilling records were created which include more than a thousand meters continuous coring at φ311 mm, and the footage per roundtrip footage at φ311 mm, φ216 mm and φ152 mm is all more than 30 m, all of these breakthroughs reduced at least 300 days for this project; moreover, considering the characteristics of formations that the geothermal gradient is high in the drilled sections and the inside-well temperature is over 240°C after drilling completion, a formate-polymer water-based mud system was developed by compounding attapulgite and sodium bentonite and by adding independently developed high-temperature stabilizer, which can provide critical technical support for successful well completion at 7018 m in the super-high-temperature environment It is the first time that the water-based mud is operated at the working temperature higher than 240°C in China; Besides, considering the high-quality requirement on cores imposed by the project, the method “mechanical cored is charge” to discharge core nondestructively on the ground was worked out, and more than 4000 m scatheless cores were discharged out of the drill pipes while maintaining original stratum structures.     

合肥盆地安参1井前侏罗纪基底地层的孢粉组合特征与时代归属

大别山北缘的安参1井是合肥盆地最深的一口参数井,钻遇前侏罗纪基底地层达千米以上,为一套不含煤层(线)或灰岩以泥岩为主的地层,与周缘华北陆块和大别造山带等构造单元的地层对比困难。因缺少宏观化石记录和明确的定年依据,其时代归属一直存在争议,制约了对这一套特殊地层所反映的地质信息的进一步挖掘。为进一步明确该套特殊地层的地质时代,本项研究对安参1井4160~5152m井段大量岩心和岩屑样品进行了微古化石分析,在其中5块样品中发现了保存良好的孢粉化石647粒,共计23属51种及部分未定种。根据对孢粉化石的类型、属种和含量的分析,将其自下而上划分为两个孢粉化石组合:Ⅰ.Densosporites reynoldburgensisLaevigatosporites perminutus;Ⅱ.Triquitrites-Macrotorispora media。孢粉组合Ⅰ中蕨类植物孢子以平均含量87.67%占绝对优势,代表分子有Laevigatosporites perminutus,Lycospora rotunda,Patellisporites meishanesis等,裸子植物花粉均为单囊粉属Florinites;孢粉组合Ⅱ中,蕨类植物孢子平均含量降低至53.78%,其中蕨类孢子Lycospora rotunda消失,Leiotriletes adnatus,Triquitrites,Crassipora等含量下降,并有特征分子大一头沉孢属Macrotorispora出现,裸子植物花粉含量和丰富度明显增加,以柯达粉属Cordaitina为主。经过与华北其他地区孢粉组合特征的对比分析,上述两个孢粉组合分别与华北陆块晚古生代二叠系太原组和上石盒子组具有明确的相似性,与早期和中晚期华夏植物群面貌相一致,反映了裸子植物逐渐繁盛、属种越来越丰富的过程,孢粉组合Ⅰ和Ⅱ的地质时代分别为晚石炭世晚期至早二叠世早期和晚二叠世,为安参1井前侏罗纪基底存在石炭—二叠系提供了直接证据,也为合肥盆地沉积环境和古气候分析提供了新资料。     

松辽盆地大陆深部科学钻探2号井完井暨学术研讨现场会召开

正2018年5月26日,自然资源部中国地质调查局在黑龙江省安达市松科二井工程现场召开大陆科学钻探工程(松科二井)完井暨学术研讨现场会。中国地质学会常务副理事长兼秘书长、自然资源部中国地质调查局副局长、松科二井工程领导小组组长李金发宣布松辽盆地大陆深部科学钻探工     

四川盆地开江地区WT1井震旦系陡山沱组物源分析及构造背景判断*

为厘清四川盆地开江地区WT1井震旦系陡山沱组地层发育的构造背景,重塑其原型沉积盆地,为重建古地理及油气进一步勘探部署工作提供科学依据,利用岩石学、岩石地球化学及碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学手段对该井陡山沱组物源进行了分析。岩石地化结果表明WT1井陡山沱组沉积物源岩为中基性火山岩类且经历了中等程度化学风化作用;碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄主要记录了915~850Ma、794~714.5Ma以及622~700Ma 3个阶段的构造岩浆活动,与扬子克拉通北缘及邻区Rodinia超大陆的裂解演化过程有关,该构造活动背景下的中基性火山岩是WT1井陡山沱组沉积的主要物质来源。结果表明四川盆地开江地区的陡山沱组发育于拉张伸展构造背景,属克拉通内裂陷盆地沉积,有利于烃源岩层的发育;同时为Rodinia超大陆的裂解演化过程提供了重要的年代学演化证据。该成果对深入认识四川盆地的地质结构、沉积-构造演化以及油气勘探的战略部署等具有极为重要的科学意义。     

二叠系火山碎屑岩气藏天然气地球化学特征及气源分析——以四川盆地成都—简阳地区永探1井为例

2018年12月底,在四川盆地二叠系火山岩发育地区部署的风险探井永探1井测试获得22.5万m³/d的高产工业气流,实现了二叠系火山碎屑岩的重大勘探突破,展现了火山碎屑岩气藏的巨大勘探潜力。本文根据该钻井成果资料,应用分析化验数据,采用不同地区气-气对比方法,开展了成都—简阳地区天然气地球化学特征分析、源-储接触关系解剖及气源综合对比。在此基础上,对二叠系火山碎屑岩气藏天然气成因进行了鉴别,对天然气来源进行了判识。结果表明：永探1井火山岩气藏天然气均为典型的干气,干燥系数达0.997,CH₄质量分数高,平均为99.03%,C₂H₆质量分数低,平均为0.35%,C₃H₈几乎没有,不含H₂S;天然气甲烷、乙烷碳同位素值均较轻,甲烷碳同位素平均值为-32.17‰,乙烷碳同位素平均值为-34.27‰,且岩心及镜下可见大量残余沥青,天然气成因鉴别分析表明永探1井火山岩气藏天然气为原油二次裂解气;通过源-储接触关系解剖以及天然气甲烷、乙烷碳同位素对比分析,表明永探1井火山碎屑岩气藏天然气主要来源于德阳—安岳台内裂陷内发育的巨厚下寒武统筇竹寺组优质烃源岩,部分来源于中二叠统。     

蓄冰中央空调两级监控系统设计与实现

根据蓄冰中央空调的控制要求设计了一个基于西门子可编程逻辑控制器(PLC)的两级监控系统,现场工作站由PLC与触摸屏组成,作为现场监控及数据采集平台;管理工作站由工控计算机和打印机组成,作为主要的人机界面(HMI),除能打印数据及远程监控现场工作站外,还具有现场工作站的所有功能。实际运行结果表明,设计的监控系统能实时监视和控制蓄冰中央空调状态,有效地提高空调系统的制冷量及制冷效率。