贵州省威宁县黑石头铜矿床地质特征及找矿远景分析

通过对威宁县黑石头铜矿床矿体空间分布及矿石特征进行综合分析,认为该区铜矿主要矿源层为岩浆喷溢间断面的玄武岩及玄武质凝灰岩,区域构造为含矿热液提供了通道,次级小断裂和背斜褶皱倾伏端复合（叠加）部位、断层破碎带中碎裂状节理、裂隙以及多孔的玄武岩为成矿物质提供了富集沉淀的空间。铜矿在暴露地表后,发生了表生氧化及次生富集作用。在此基础上,分析了成矿条件,并依据成矿条件圈出5个找矿远景区。     

Research on the carbon isotopic composition of organic matter from Lake Chenghai and Caohai Lake sediments

The carbon isotopic composition of organic matter from lake sediments has been extensively used to infer variations in productivity. In this paper, based on the study of the contents and δ13C values of organic matter in different types of lakes, it has been found that δ13C values of organic matter have different responses to lake productivity in different lakes. As to the lakes dominated by aqutic macrophytes such as Lake Caohai, organic matter becomes enriched in 13C with increasing productivity. As to the lakes dominated by aquatic algae such as Lake Chenghai, δ13C values of organic matter decrease with increasing productivity, and the degradation of aquatic algae is the main factor leading to the decrease of δ13C values of organic matter with increasing productivity. Therefore, we should be cautious to use the carbon isotopic composition of organic matter to deduce lake productivity.     

贵州威宁县云贵桥地区铅锌矿地质特征及找矿前景

贵州省威宁县云责桥铅锌成矿带是贵州省地矿局113地质队在上世纪60年代发现的铅锌矿化带。前人认为云责桥地区铅锌矿富集条件差,难以形成一定规模的工业矿体。笔者通过对前人资料的综合分析及近期工作取得的新成果,认为该区地表矿点较多,矿化连续,基岩光谱样所圈定的铅锌异常沿北西向F1及F2断层带呈条带状、串珠状分布,且萝卜夹铅锌矿点矿体有多层,呈似层状产出,显示了该区铅锌矿应具有较好的找矿潜力。     

Assessment of the spatial-temporal eutrophic character in the Lake Dianchi

Water-quality deterioration and eutrophication of the Lake Dianchi have acquired more and more attention in the last few decades. In this paper, the spatial and temporal eutrophication status of the Lake Dianchi was assessed. The comprehensive trophic state index was chosen to assess the trophic status of the Lake Dianchi in the past 13 years. The result reveals that the trophic condition of Caohai is more serious than that of Waihai. Most of time Caohai was in extremely hypereutrophic state from 1988 to 2000. The trophic condition of Waihai had a worsening tendency from 1988 to 2000. Waihai was in eutrophic state before 1995, but it got in a hypereutrophic state after 1995. It was pointed out that TN and TP were the two biggest contributors of CTSIM in both Caohai and Waihai.     

Distribution of mercury species in water and sediments in Caohai Lake, Guizhou Province

Caohai Lake which is situated in Guizhou Province, has suffered drain project many times since 1958.The main mercury contamination includes industry waste water, litter and waste residue from refine zinc furnace and so on. The water and sediment samples which were collected from Caohai Lake in different seasons using metal clean protocols. Study sites were selected at the upper and down reaches and the tributaries of this lake, respectively. Total mercury （THg）, reactive mercury （RHg） and dissolved mercury （DHg） concentrations were measured by trap pre-concentration and CVAFS detection methods, and the concentrations of particulate mercury （PHg） are equal to difference of THg and DHg. Total methylmercury （MeH） and dissolved methylmercury （DMeHg） concentrations were measured by GC-CVAFS detection method. Mercury in sediment was measured by AAS method. The results in autumn were obtained as follows： the average concentrations of total mercury, reactive mercury,     

贵州草海不同水位梯度下沉积物氮赋存形态及分布特征

利用分级浸取分离法,分析贵州草海湿地沉积物总氮（TN）与可转化态氮（TF-N）含量及分布特征,试图揭示水位抬升对草海湿地沉积物氮潜在释放风险的影响.结果表明,草海湿地沉积物TN含量在1.94~14.07 g/kg之间,均值为7.76 g/kg;TF-N含量较高,在1.70~7.59 g/kg之间,占TN的68.7%;不同形态氮含量依次为有机态及硫化物结合态氮（OSF-N） > 离子交换态氮（IEF-N） > 铁锰氧化态氮（IMOF-N） > 弱酸可浸取态氮（WAEF-N）;不同水位梯度下各形态氮含量变化规律不同,OSF-N、IMOF-N含量沿着水位升高呈逐渐增加趋势,IEF-N含量呈先增加后降低的趋势,WAEF-N含量变化不大;TN和总非可转化态氮（NTF-N）与有机质（SOM）含量之间呈显著正相关,可能具有相似的来源.总之,草海沉积物TF-N含量及比例较高,潜在释放风险较大,而水位抬升抑制氮的转化,促进沉积物氮积累,增加释放风险.该研究揭示了不同水位梯度下沉积物氮形态分布特征,丰富了水文条件对氮迁移转化影响的理解,为湿地生态补水工程的管理决策提供了科学依据.     

岩溶湿地表层水体CO2分压时空分布特征及其扩散通量

为揭示岩溶湿地表层水体二氧化碳分压(pCO₂)的时空分布规律及其扩散通量,以我国最大的岩溶湿地贵州威宁草海为研究对象,分别于2019年7月(丰水期)和12月(枯水期)通过网格布点法,系统采集草海表层湿地水体,测定水样理化指标和离子组成,利用PHREEQCI软件计算水体pCO₂,并基于Cole提出的气体扩散模型估算水-气界面二氧化碳(CO₂)的扩散通量.结果表明:草海湿地表层水体丰水期pCO₂的变化范围为0.44~645.65μatm,平均值为(55.94±124.73)μatm;枯水期变化范围为35.48~707.95μatm,平均值为(310.46±173.54)μatm;丰水期水体整体pCO₂低于枯水期,空间上两期水体均呈现东部区域及河流入湖口处pCO₂较高,而中西部区域pCO₂欠饱和的特征.水-气界面CO₂的扩散通量在丰水期变化范围为-43.27~27.16 mmol/(m²·d),平均值(-34.49±12.93)mmol/(m²·d),枯水期变化范围为-33.36~28.15 mmol/(m²·d),平均值(-8.02±15.85)mmol/(m²·d),与其他岩溶湖库相比,水生植物丰富的草海在两个极端水文期CO₂扩散通量相对较低,总体表现为大气CO₂的汇.     

威宁九股水铅锌矿地质特征及找矿潜力分析

通过对九股水铅锌矿地质特征的总结和物化探及遥感异常的对比分析,并与邻区的杉树林、青山、草子坪、银厂坡、矿山厂等已探明的中型铅锌矿床的地质特征相类比,认为九股水铅锌矿床的地质特征、控矿地层、构造等均十分相似。因而认为在九股水地区找到中型矿床的可能性较大。     

贵州威宁地质灾害隐患及防治对策

威宁县是贵州省面积最大、海拔最高的县,随着社会经济的快速发展,特别是不合理的人为工程活动对地质环境的破坏,不可避免地带来了一系列的环境地质问题的出现,造成了巨大的经济损失,同时,也严重威胁人民群众的生命和财产安全。本文基于2011年实际调查数据,从地质环境条件、人为工程活动特征等方面,分析论述了威宁县地质灾害隐患的主要类型、发育分布特征及其危害特点,并提出了相应的防治措施建议,为威宁县进行规划、部署和实施地质灾害防治工作提供依据。     

贵州草海喀斯特高原湖泊湿地甲烷氧化菌群落特征及功能探析

草海是由喀斯特盆地积水发育而形成的一个完整的、典型的高原湖泊湿地生态系统,同时也是中国面积最大的岩溶构造湖.甲烷氧化菌作为一类能够将甲烷氧化为CO₂和水的独特微生物,其活动与生态系统中能量流动和元素循环的关键步骤密不可分.为了解贵州草海喀斯特高原湖泊湿地中甲烷氧化菌的群落结构特征及功能,利用宏基因组技术对浅水沼泽、莎草湿地、深水沉积物进行研究.结果表明,草海湿地中主要的好氧甲烷氧化菌为Methylobacter和Methylomonas,主要的厌氧甲烷氧化菌为Candidatus_Methylomirabilis_oxyfera,属于NC10门的反硝化型厌氧甲烷氧化菌.所研究的4种代谢功能基因种类多样性表现为碳代谢＞氮代谢＞硫代谢＞甲烷代谢;基于KEGG数据库共注释到6大类功能和18条与碳、甲烷、氮、硫相关的完整代谢路径.PCoA分析表明浅水沼泽和莎草湿地中甲烷氧化菌的种类和功能相似,且与深水沉积物存在差异.物种与功能相关性网络分析结果显示Methylacidiphilum_fumariolicum和Methylacidiphilum_kamchatkense与草海湖泊湿地中的各个代谢功能均具有较强的相关性.显著影响草海湿地中大多数甲烷氧化菌的群落结构的环境因素是硝酸盐、电导率、总磷和有机质.