华南大瑶山地区加里东期钨矿床

早期研究认为华南加里东期岩浆岩一般不成矿,但自20世纪80年代以来相继发现了一些矿床的事实打破了此观点,特别是近年来大瑶山地区与加里东期岩浆岩有关的钨多金属矿床的大量发现,进一步表明加里东期岩浆岩也能形成矿集区规模的矿产地。大瑶山地区目前已发现9处加里东期的钨矿床(点),包括社垌和玉坡2个大型矿床,已查明WO3资源量接近20万吨,矿床类型包括矽卡岩型、石英脉型和斑岩型。成矿时间集中在432～466 Ma。成矿元素以W为主,部分矿床Mo、Cu、Bi、Ag、Pb、Zn、Au也达到综合利用价值。矿石矿物以白钨矿为主。除与磁黄铁矿化、绢云母化、绿帘石化和透辉石化的岩浆岩时空密切相关外,斑岩型、石英脉型矿床还与一组近东西向或北西向的陡立小断层和节理带有关;矽卡岩型矿床则与寒武系中的灰岩夹层密切有关,并具有元素分带性。矿床地球化学表明主成矿阶段均一温度集中在225～370℃,盐度w(NaCleq)集中在5%～25%,H-O-S同位素示踪显示成矿流体和成矿物质主要来源于岩浆岩。从早到晚,温度和盐度降低、pH值升高以及流体混合是造成矿石沉淀的主要机制。与成矿有关的花岗闪长岩属于低分异还原性的"I"型花岗岩,单体呈小的岩株和岩枝产出,但常成群成带分布,成岩时间跨度较长(432～479.6 Ma)。大瑶山地区与钨矿有关的岩体缺乏伟晶岩,未发现富铝或富含挥发分矿物,但含角闪石。地球化学判别属于钙碱性到高钾钙碱性系列,弱过铝质花岗岩;具有低分异指数,低Li、B、La/Yb和Rb/Sr,高CaO/(Na2O+K2O)、Mg/(Mg+Fe)和高固结指数、高镁铁质矿物含量和弱的Ba、Sr、P和Ti亏损;稀土元素配分曲线为明显右倾斜,弱的负Eu异常;全岩和锆石的Zr/Hf比值较高,说明与钨成矿有关的岩体为低分异岩体,与传统上认为含钨岩体为高分异花岗岩明显不同。升高的锆石O同位素、弱的负εHf(t)值以及1.5～1.6 Ga的TDM2年龄表明花岗闪长岩来源于中元古代地壳物质的部分熔融,并混有一定量的地幔物质。大瑶山地区强烈的加里东期岩浆活动及成矿作用与"华南裂谷"最终关闭导致的陆内碰撞有关。该区加里东期岩浆活动的强度、范围和成矿作用可与该区燕山期的媲美,具有较大的找矿潜力。大瑶山地区新发现钨矿具有矿集区规模的事实,进一步证实华南加里东期花岗岩也能成大矿,这一结论对深入认识华南地区加里东期构造岩浆演化和成矿作用具有重要的科学意义。     

内蒙古白乃庙地区绿片岩和花岗闪长斑岩的钕和锶同位素研究

白乃庙群主要分布在内蒙古白乃庙－谷那乌苏一带。这套岩层与毗邻的侵入体不仅是白乃庙－温都尔庙构造岩浆带的重要组成部分，而且赋存有一系列铜（金）和金矿床（点）。长期以来，由于缺乏可信的年龄数据，一般认为：白乃庙群绿片岩和侵入岩体均属奥陶－志留纪￣［１］。据最新资料，白乃庙群绿片岩锆石铀－铅年龄为１１３０±１６Ｍａ￣［２］属中元古代。查明绿片岩和侵入岩体的物质来源和形成机制，对于了解华北板块北缘内蒙古中南段的构造。岩浆演化，确定岩浆活动与金属成矿作用关系具有重要意义。笔者对白乃庙群绿片岩和花岗闪长斑岩进行了Ｎｄ和Ｓｒ同位素研究。并且对它们的形成时代和成因提出了一些新的看法。     

普兰店元台逆冲推覆构造及控矿规律探讨

普兰店元台逆冲推覆构造为典型双重逆冲构造,以上叠式扩展而成。在自南向北逆冲过程中,形成褶皱推覆体,滞后断层,撕裂断层,反冲断层,并进一步形成构造窗和飞来峰。推覆构造形成于 J2-J3,逆冲推覆后期,花岗闪长斑岩沿逆冲推覆构造就位,其所携带的成矿热液在有利部位富集成金矿。     

The effects of the source composition on the origin of orthopyroxene-bearing adakitic granitoid in West Qinling,Central China

Orthopyroxene-bearing granodiorite (sometimes referred to as ‘charnockite’) with an adakitic affinity is a rare type of granitoid. It is generally accepted that the stabilization of orthopyroxene in igneous charnockites essentially requires low aH₂O and/or high temperatures in a closed system. However, orthopyroxene can be an antecryst in a trans-crustal magmatic system. In this regard, orthopyroxene-bearing granitoids are somewhat analogous to pseudo-charnockites, where the orthopyroxene stems from a mafic reservoir. On the other hand, the source compositions of continental adakites can vary, which is often ignored in the interpretation of their contribution to the adakitic geochemical signature. In this study, we have investigated a rare orthopyroxene-bearing felsic pluton from the Zhuyuan area of West Qinling, Central China. The Zhuyuan pluton was emplaced in the Middle–Late Triassic (222–217 Ma) and is mainly composed of metaluminous to weakly peraluminous granodiorites belonging to the high-K calc-alkaline series. Moreover, they are characterized by high Mg# values (49.7–60.9) and Sr contents (471–697 ppm), low Y (12.2–15.4 ppm) and Yb (1.03–1.24 ppm) contents, high Sr/Y (33.2–46.2) and (La/Yb)_N (15.3–21.4) ratios, and weakly negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.78–0.89). The Zhuyuan adakitic granodiorites exhibit fairly limited Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic ratios and variable zircon initial Hf isotopes, indicating a major contribution from the Neoproterozoic basement of the Qinling Orogenic Belt. There is no evidence of any formation through high-pressure magmatic processes, and we propose that the adakitic signature of the Zhuyuan pluton could have been inherited from its source rocks (i.e., from the Neoproterozoic basement). The orthopyroxenes in the Zhuyuan granodiorites display poikilitic textures with high MgO, NiO and Cr₂O₃ contents, indicating that they have an antecrystic origin. Studies of regional tectonic evolution have shown that the Zhuyuan granodiorites formed during the tearing stage of the A'nimaque–Mianlue oceanic subduction slab. Therefore, this study emphasizes the effect of source inheritance on the formation of pseudo-charnockite with an adakitic signature.     

秘鲁安托尼奥铁矿区花岗闪长岩地球化学特征及其地质意义

安托尼奥(Antonio)铁矿位于秘鲁中东部阿普里马克(Apurimac)始新世-渐新世斑岩-矽卡岩型铜-钼(铁-金)成矿带,矿体的空间展布受到安达胡拉斯-雅乌里(Andahuaylas-Yauri)岩基岩石与弗若巴木巴(Ferrobamba)组碳酸盐岩的接触带控制。矿区花岗闪长岩具有高硅和钠,低铁、镁和钙的特征,铝饱和指数(A/CNK)为0.92～0.99,富集Rb、Ba、K、Sr等大离子亲石元素和活泼不相容元素,亏损Nb、Ti、P等高场强(HFSE)元素,表现出准铝质I型花岗岩的特征。结合区域构造演化认为,花岗闪长岩为幔源镁铁质岩浆结晶分异,可能有俯冲洋壳与下地壳部分熔体物质参与,形成于纳兹卡(Nazca)大洋板片低角度俯冲到南美大陆板块之下的挤压背景向拉伸背景过渡时期。动力背景的转变有利于区域大量斑岩型及相伴生的热液型、矽卡岩型矿化的形成。结合矿区地球物理勘查结果,安托尼奥出露的多个铁矿体在矿区深部合并为一个矿体,向南西侧倾伏延深,并可能有其他类型矿体(矿石)出现。     

西藏羌塘地体南缘改则嘎布扎花岗闪长岩侵位时代、成因及其地质意义

改则地区的嘎布扎花岗闪长岩侵入于南羌塘地体南缘的侏罗系色哇组,为研究班公湖—怒江缝合带的演化提供新的约束。岩浆锆石的LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄为(143.8±0.5)Ma,显示花岗闪长岩的侵位时代为晚侏罗世—早白垩世之交。花岗闪长岩具有准铝质I型花岗岩的特点,属于高钾钙碱性岩石系列;稀土元素为轻稀土富集型,存在弱的Eu负异常;明显富集Rb、Ba、K、Th、U等大离子亲石元素,而亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti等高场强元素。研究表明花岗闪长岩的岩浆源区可能经历了陆壳物质、俯冲沉积物与幔源楔等不同性质的岩浆混合,并经历一定程度的分离结晶作用形成。改则嘎布扎花岗闪长岩形成于班公湖—怒江中特提斯洋晚侏罗世—早白垩世向北俯冲的岛弧环境。     

湖北黄陵球状花岗闪长岩的发现及其岩相学特征

在扬子陆块核部黄陵地区发现具球状构造的花岗闪长岩。岩石产于新元古代斑状花岗闪长岩与石英闪长岩之间,出露面积极小。球状花岗闪长岩岩体由主岩、球状体及球间基质三部分组成,球状体呈圆形、椭圆形及不规则状,由球核和同心球壳组成,球体大小多为5~12cm。依据球壳及球核的差异,可大致分为具有多壳层同心结构、具单壳层结构、无明显壳层结构3种类型的球状体。单壳层球壳由角闪石、黑云母等暗色矿物含量高的暗色层组成,具放射状构造;多壳层球壳由含角闪石、黑云母等暗色矿物的暗色层和基本不含或含少量暗色矿物、以斜长石为主的浅色层组成韵律层,具梳状、放射状构造;球核成分可以是同源岩浆组分,也可以是异源捕虏体。单壳层球体,球核、球壳、基质的斜长石牌号依次为36、32、26,酸性程度不断增加,内部呈放射状生长,反映其可能由内向外经岩浆结晶作用形成。初步认为多壳层球体球壳富韵律的变化为富含气水热液的岩浆在动荡的环境下结晶形成,球壳中矿物结晶顺序可能由外向内,核部结晶时间相对更长。     

内蒙古赤峰地区蒙古营子花岗闪长岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb 年龄及成因

赤峰蒙古营子岩体位于华北板块以北的兴蒙造山带南端,岩性主要为花岗闪长岩。其SiO2含量介于56.88%~68.82%之间,Na2O含量为4.32%~4.54%,K2O含量为2.3%~3.86%,且Na2O>K2O。里特曼指数σ=2.4~3.29,Al2O3含量介于15.1%~16.8%之间,A/CNK=0.81~0.92,属于高钾钙碱性I型花岗岩。富集轻稀土元素（LREE）、亏损重稀土元素（HREE）和高场强元素（HFSE）。Sr含量为782×10-6~1230×10-6,Y和Yb平均值分别为20.1×10-6和1.77×10-6,(La/Yb)N值为19.84~22.03,δEu=0.81~1.04,Eu异常不明显。岩体总体显示出C型埃达克岩的地球化学属性,暗示岩浆可能源于加厚的下地壳部分熔融。采用LA-ICP-MS 技术测得的锆石206Pb/238U年龄为252.8±2.4Ma,表明该岩体形成于古生代末期—早中生代。结合兴蒙造山带的构造演化历史,认为蒙古营子花岗闪长岩应为西伯利亚板块和华北板块后碰撞阶段的产物,具有幔源岩浆底侵诱发地壳生长的指示意义。     

Mineralogy,geochemistry, radioactivity and environmental impacts of Gabal Marwa granites,southeastern Sinai,Egypt

The Gabal Marwa area is located in the southeastern part of Sinai,Egypt.It comprises gneisses and migmatites,granodiorites and monzogranites.Field,petrographic,mineralogic and chemical investigations indicated that the Gabal Marwa granites are classified as granodiorites and monzogranites.The monzogranites constitute the most predominant rock unit exposed in the study area.They have been subjected to hydrothermal alterations,especially along the shear zones.Sericitization,desilicification,nametasomatism and development of spotty or dendritic manganese oxides are the most pronounced alteration features.These alterations resulted in the increase of TiO2,Al2O3,FeOt,MnO,CaO,MgO,Na2O,K2O and Cr,Zr,Rb,Y and Sr and the decrease of SiO2,P2O5,Ni,Zn,Ba and Nb.Radiometric studies indicated that the altered granites belong to high thorium,high uranium granites.The U,Th,U and Th,Th/U,Th and U-K variation diagrams suggested that magmatic processes controlled the distribution of these elements but the effect of hydrothermal alteration processes were clearly distinct.The Scanning Electron Microscope and X-ray Diffraction analyses indicated that the most important radioactive minerals include uranothorite,thorite,zircon,monazite and samarskite.Cinnabar and Mn minerals were also found.From the U,Th,Ra and K activity concentrations obtained for all the studied granitic samples,radium equivalent activity(Raeq),external hazard index(Hex),and internal hazard index(Hin),were calculated to assess the radiation hazard to human beings living in dwellings made of the studied granites.Altered monzogranites have radioactivity above the proposed acceptable level and,therefore,caution must be taken when these granites are used as building materials.     

加拉普铁矿区花岗闪长岩锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素及地球化学研究

青藏高原南部发育有大规模的碰撞成矿作用,冈底斯北缘Pb-Zn-Ag-Cu-Fe多金属成矿带是其重要的组成部分.加拉普铁矿床是位于该成矿带东侧的矽卡岩型铁矿床,其成矿作用与区内的花岗闪长岩有密切的成因联系.LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果显示,该岩体成岩年龄为(63.4±0.5) Ma(n=25,MSWD=1.2),表明矿床形成于印-亚陆陆碰撞的主碰撞阶段.地球化学研究结果显示,岩石属中-高钾钙碱性准铝质花岗岩;其∑REE较低(100.5×10-6～170.3×10-6),具弱-中等负Eu异常,富集轻稀土元素(LREE),相对亏损重稀土元素(HREE);富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)Rb、Pb、K、Th,相对亏损高场强元素(HFSE) Hf、Ta、Ti、Nb等,与早期的林子宗火山岩相类似,具有弧火山岩的地球化学特点.岩石εNd(t)值为-2.60-2.34,(87Sr/86Sr)初始值为0.7074～0.7075,反映了重熔地壳物质与幔源物质混合的特点.锆石Lu-Hf同位素测试结果显示,岩体的锆石εHf(t)值和地壳模式年龄均分布较广,分别为-9.1～4.3和864～2368Ma,同样表明岩石岩浆源区具有壳幔混源的特征.综合上述数据,矿区的花岗闪长岩是地幔源区岩浆与陆壳重熔岩浆混合而成的壳幔混源的Ⅰ型花岗岩.已有数据显示,冈底斯北缘Pb-Zn-Ag-Cu-Fe多金属成矿带从白垩纪至中新世均有强烈的成矿作用,但其主成矿期集中在62～ 50 Ma,且与主碰撞阶段的岩浆活动有密切的成因联系.Pb-Zn-Ag成矿作用主要与受壳源物质控制的花岗岩密切相关,而与Fe-Cu矿化有关的岩体则更多地显示了幔源物质的贡献.