Gold mineralizing efficiency during hydrothermal alteration of the Mesozoic granitoids in the northwest Jiaodong Peninsula: Contrasting conditions between the Guojialing and Linglong plutons

Mesozoic granitoids were extensively altered by hydrothermal fluids in the northwest Jiaodong Peninsula, and gold precipitated from the fluids developing prevalent mineralization in this district. The 160–158 Ma Linglong granite and 130–120 Ma Guojialing granodiorite are the major Mesozoic granitoids in this district, both of which are hydrothermally altered and intimately associated with gold mineralization. Although numerous studies were carried out by previous researchers, mainly focusing on tectonics, lithology, mineralogy, geochronology, and fluid geochemistry, knowledge about hydrothermal alteration processes of these granitoids and their gold mineralization efficiency (i.e. which one is more effective to precipitate the gold from its parent solution) is far beyond clear illumination. Geochemical simulation software GEM-Selektor (based on the Gibbs energy minimization algorithm) was applied in this study, which aims to test the gold mineralization efficiency of these two granitoids during the hydrothermal alteration processes. Simulation results indicate that solutions in equilibrium with the Linglong granite are capable of hosting more sulfur than that with the Guojialing granodiorite, since the latter contains more Fe. However, the solutions with these two granitoids display similar gold solubility. “Bulk cooling” simulation results show that the gold mineralization pattern is similar between the Linglong and Guojialing case; “Rock titration” simulation results reveal that the Guojialing granodiorite is prone to precipitate gold more strongly than the Linglong granite, as gold-bearing solutions (or ore-forming fluids) flowing-through at high temperature, equivalent to a deeper level, implying that if the gold mineralization is developed at depth, the Guojialing rock will precipitate more gold. If the gold-bearing solution flow-through the wall rocks relatively fast, and gold mineralization fails to take place, then the Guojialing granodiorite is probably unfavorable for subsequent gold enrichment of the ore-forming fluid. The Linglong granite will precipitate the gold more efficiently from its parent solution at low temperature or at a shallower level, and this is consistent with previous mining prospecting results. Therefore, we suggest that the Guojialing granodiorite should be treated as the main target during future deep prospecting project.     

青海东昆仑西藏大沟金矿床花岗闪长斑岩锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学及其成矿意义

利用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,对位于东昆仑地区巴颜喀拉成矿带的西藏大沟金矿床进行研究,首次获得与成矿有密切关系的花岗闪长斑岩加权平均年龄为（225.0±1.2）Ma,厘定为晚三叠世;岩石明显富集大离子亲石元素（Rb、Sr、Ba、K）、轻稀土元素和Pb,明显亏损高场强元素（如Nb、Ta、P、Ti）,显示轻稀土元素强烈富集的右倾式稀土配分型式。结合东昆仑地区区域构造演化及金矿成矿年代学资料分析认为,西藏大沟金矿床花岗闪长斑岩形成于挤压向伸展转换阶段,西藏大沟金矿床成矿时间应介于225.0~218.6 Ma,属晚三叠世。      

东昆仑马尼特金矿床赋矿花岗闪长岩锆石U-Pb年龄及岩石地球化学特征

马尼特金矿床位于东昆仑木孜塔格-布青山蛇绿混杂岩带,是近年来在东昆仑发现的与马尔争组地层有关的构造蚀变岩型小型金矿床,矿体主要赋存于晚三叠世花岗闪长岩与围岩的接触部位。本次研究通过对赋矿花岗闪长岩体的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,全岩主量元素、微量元素的研究,探讨了该岩体的形成时代,成因类型及其形成构造环境。结果显示:该花岗闪长岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为213.25 Ma±0.62 Ma(MSWD=0.99),代表其侵入时代为晚三叠世。岩石w(SiO2)在66.96%~68.3%之间,K2O/Na2O=0.54~0.63,相对富钠,贫w(MnO)(平均0.03%),w(P2O5)(0.14%~0.16%)和w(TiO2)(0.4%~0.46%),A/CNK值为1.05~1.16,平均1.106,w(Al2O3)介于15.37%~15.72%之间,里特曼指数δ值为1.43%~1.89%,TFeO/MgO为1.72~1.84,DI为74.19~79.94,表明其为过铝质、钙碱性系列的I型花岗岩。岩石稀土总量较低(ΣREE=110.67×10^-6~121.36×10^-6),表现出轻稀土富集而重稀土亏损的右倾曲线,LREE/HREE=13.54~15.12,[(La/Yb)N=20.42~20.7],轻重稀土分馏明显,负Eu异常中等(δEu介于0.94~0.99之间),大离子亲石元素Rb,Ba,Sr以及U,Th相对富集,高场强元素Nb,Ta及K,P,Ti相对亏损,具有火山弧花岗岩特征。结合其形成时代及区域构造背景,认为其形成于早-中生代巴颜喀拉地块和东昆仑地块后碰撞构造环境。     

西秦岭德乌鲁含矿岩体及其包体的岩石学成因和构造意义

德乌鲁岩体位于西秦岭地区,其主体岩性为花岗闪长岩,在岩体内及其接触带发育有多处金、铜矿床。LA-ICP-MS 锆石U-Pb定年表明该岩体侵位于印支早期,年龄为(250±1.8) Ma,该岩体为准铝质,其铝饱和指数ASI为0.9~1.0。所有样品具有高的K2O含量(2.95%~3.52%)、K2O/Na2O比值(0.97~1.10)、Mg#(0.57~0.61)和相容元素含量(w(Cr)=(88~132)×10-6)。因此,我们认为德乌鲁寄主岩形成于壳幔岩浆的混合作用。在该岩体中广泛分布有镁铁质岩浆包体,这些包体即是镁铁质岩浆注入中酸性岩浆中时迅速降温形成的。德乌鲁包体具有中性的成分,其SiO2含量为56.17%~60.95%,岩性主要为辉长闪长岩和闪长岩。相对于寄主岩,包体有着更高的Mg#(0.65~0.67)和低的TiO2含量(0.57%~0.62%)。它们也有着高的钾含量(1.74%~2.43%),属于高钾钙碱性系列岩石。所有样品具有高的相容元素含量,如Cr((212~419)×10-6)和Ni((46~111)×10-6)。相对于重稀土元素,样品中轻稀土元素相对富集,并且具有中等的Eu负异常。在原始地幔标准化的微量元素蛛网图上,所有包体具有明显的Nb-Ta负异常。德乌鲁暗色包体可能形成于曾受俯冲作用改造过的富钾的岩石圈地幔源区部分熔融过程,并伴随有后期镁铁质矿物的分异。本区的印支早期岩浆作用及与其有关的矿床很可能形成于活动大陆边缘环境。     

西藏玉龙斑岩铜矿带南段日曲花岗闪长斑岩成因:锆石U-Pb年代学和地球化学约束

为探讨西藏玉龙斑岩铜矿带南段斑岩的成因及其动力学机制,对该铜矿带南段日曲岩体开展了岩石学、同位素年代学和地球化学研究。结果显示,两件花岗闪长斑岩锆石U-Pb年龄分别为(38.2±0.2)Ma、(38.8±0.2)Ma,为喜马拉雅早期;花岗闪长斑岩富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素,属弱过铝质高钾钙碱性花岗岩;斑岩具有C型埃达克岩的地球化学特征,为加厚下地壳部分熔融的产物,未经明显的地壳混染;源区残留相主要由角闪石、石榴子石、金红石组成,并经历了较弱的壳幔混合作用。研究表明,日曲岩体的形成与印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞诱发妥坝-芒康左行走滑断裂活动有关,下地壳部分熔融及少量幔源物质的混入使斑岩具有壳幔混合的特征。     

中祁连东段乐都地区中酸性侵入岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及其构造意义

青海省中祁连东段乐都沈家峡-碱沟一带发育有中酸性侵入体.野外地质调查和和岩相学等研究表明，侵入体呈岩株状，主要由二长花岗岩和花岗闪长岩组成，两者间呈脉动接触.对2件二长花岗岩样品进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素测年，获得的加权平均年龄分别为465.7±2.2 Ma（_n=24，MSWD=0.031）、459±2 Ma（_n=21，MSWD=0.76），表明侵入体时代为中奥陶世.岩石地球化学特征表明，该期侵入体属准铝质-过铝质中高钾钙碱性系列岩石，岩石（La/Yb）_N为10.57~23.126，δEu为0.47~0.69，稀土配分曲线具"V"型右倾特征；大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba、Th、K、La、Ce、Sm、Nd强富集，Zr、Hf弱富集，高场强元素Nb、Ta、P、Ti强亏损；岩石具有岛弧型岩浆岩特征，其形成可能与北祁连洋向南俯冲有关.     

河北寿王坟花岗闪长岩中暗色微粒岩石包体的成因

暗色微粒岩石包体可以提供花岗岩浆的起源和演化、壳—幔物质及能量交换、岩浆混合等重要信息。河北兴隆寿王坟闪长质暗色微粒岩石包体及其寄主花岗闪长岩的岩石学、岩石地球化学特征显示了岩浆的混合成因,并具有以下特征:(1)在基性岩浆中丰度大于酸性岩浆中的不相容元素在与SiO2的相关图中呈一向上凸的弧形型式;(2)在基性岩浆中丰度小于酸性岩浆中的不相容元素在与SiO2的相关图中呈正相关的线性趋势;(3)相容元素在与SiO2的相关图中呈一负相关的线性趋势;(4)在w(La) w(La)/w(Sm)图上微粒包体与其寄主花岗闪长岩为一下凹的型式。基性岩浆与酸性岩浆的两端元岩浆的简单混合模型不能解释以上特征,可以用三阶段混合模型来解释,即第一阶段为基性岩浆注入酸性岩浆中,第二阶段为基性岩浆演化并分离结晶形成微粒包体,第三阶段为演化了的基性岩浆与酸性岩浆混合,形成寄主花岗闪长岩。     

Geochronology and Geochemical Characteristics of the Early Mesozoic Tangquan Pluton in Southwestern Fujian and Its Tectonic Implications

The Tangquan granodioritic pluton in Dalian County, southwestern Fujian, China, which extends in a NE direction with an exposed area of about 130 km2, used to be considered a product of Early Cretaceous magmatism. The present study suggests for the first time that the pluton was formed in the Early Jurassic by using multiple methods for isotopic dating, which give zircon U-Pb ages of 186.8 Ma and 179.0 Ma, Rb-Sr isochron age of 162.02±4.5 Ma, and biotite 40Ar/39Ar plateau age of 158.1±0.7 Ma. The cooling rate for the pluton was relatively low (4.76℃/Ma) during the early stage (183-162 Ma) because of the compressional environment. It was emplaced in a higher cooling rate (50℃/Ma) in an extensional environment during the later stage (162-158 Ma). The granodiorites are metaluminous-peraluminous, relatively enriched in Na2O and depleted in K2O, and characteristic of I-type granites of crust-mantle mixed sources. They are moderately enriched in Rb, Th, Hf and LREE, and depleted in Ti, Nb, Ta and Sr, and     

安徽青阳花岗闪长岩体的侵位构造和刺穿式底辟就位机制

青阳花岗闪长岩体及其围岩中均发育压扁变形构造，形成环状向斜、线理、边缘片麻理、热收缩张节理的构造组合。变质变形作用、结合岩石学特征的分析结果显示，岩体是以刺穿式底辟作用就位于早古生代地层中的。     

关于桂北四堡期花岗闪长岩成因的探讨

桂北四堡期花岗闪长岩一向被认为是华南地区典型的幔源分异型花岗岩。本文从岩石学、矿物学、地球化学、微量元素和同位素等方面对该套岩体进行了研究,并结合区域地质演化和前人对岩体的放射性同位素年龄的测试,初步证明桂北地区的花岗闪长岩类既不是幔源分异型花岗岩,也不是典型的Ⅰ型花岗岩,而是一种以地壳物质为主,地幔物质为辅的混源重熔型花岗岩类。