Magnetic cleansing of weathered/tarry oiled feathers--the role of pre-conditioners

Iron powder has previously been demonstrated to be effective in the removal, via magnetic harvesting, of a wide variety of oil contaminants from feathers and plumage. This study investigates the efficacy of magnetic cleansing for the removal from feathers of tarry contamination that has been allowed to weather. Clusters of feathers from Mallard duck (Anas platyrhnchos) and Little Penguin (Eudyptula minor) were completely immersed in a tarry contaminant and allowed to weather from one to fourteen days. The contaminant was removed using a magnetic cleansing protocol and the removal efficacy assessed gravimetrically. For one, seven and fourteen days of weathering, a final removal (after fourteen treatments) of more than 99% and 97% was achieved for duck feathers and penguin feathers, respectively. Repeating the experiments (for a seven-day weathering period) for both duck and penguin feathers, with the judicious application of a pre-conditioner (olive oil), further improved removal efficacy. A convenient method to screen for improved pre-conditioning agents is suggested.     

UCX数码航摄在大比例尺3D产品生产中的应用

数码航摄技术在大比例尺3D产品开发中的应用日益广泛,UCX数码航摄系统成像分辨率较高,成为目前国内数字化测绘应用较多的主导设备。本文结合石狮工程实践,利用UCX数码航摄系统获取的影像数据生产制作3D数字产品,探讨了基于UCX数码航摄大比例尺3D产品的实现方法、技术路线、作业流程及全程质量控制。     

开发地理信息服务新产品,实现空间数据增值

回顾了北京市测绘设计研究院20年来地理信息产业的发展,分析了建设地理信息产品的种类和策略。提出建立基础地理信息框架数据、相关委办局专业地理信息产品、国家专项调查地理信息产品的发展思路,建议重视用户需求调研,与相关地理信息用户建立战略合作伙伴关系,保证产品质量,实现地理信息产品持续更新。     

美国强对流预报主观产品现状分析

为了全面反映美国强对流预报主观产品现状,同时也为推进我国国家级强对流天气预报业务建设提供思路,通过研读相关文献、最新技术报告和专家咨询等方式,对当前美国国家级强对流天气预报业务的产品类型、制作、发布规范等最新进展进行了比较详细的分析,并对我国国家级强对流天气预报业务建设提出了初步设想。通过分析看到,美国的强对流预报业务产品,以概率分类预报为主要形式,是以预报员为主体的综合主观预报产品。现已形成了一个比较系统的短时、短期、中期预报业务产品系列。以其为参照,我国强对流预报业务发展须加强四个方面的工作:第一,强对流天气气候学分析、诊断技术的研究应用;第二,基于高时空分辨率的中尺度数值预报系统的客观产品的研发和应用,强对流分类预报方法的研制;第三,专门预报员队伍的建设;第四,科学的业务流程和高效的综合监测传输。     

基于Item2Vec负采样优化的专题地图产品个性化推荐方法研究

建立适用于专题地图产品检索的用户偏好推荐模型是提高专题地图质量的有效方式之一,在专题地图产品推荐场景中,存在严重的内容冷启动和评论数据稀疏问题,现有的推荐算法无法为特定类用户推荐不同特征的专题地图产品,导致用户从专题地图中获取偏好信息受到限制。因此,本文构建基于负采样的连续词袋模型和基于Word2Vec的Item2Vec相结合的用户偏好推荐方法,用于专题地图产品推荐。① 计算用户行为日志文件中交互行为数据的隐性评分,以代替专题地图推荐信息流场景中稀疏的用户评论数据;② 基于负采样的连续词袋模型提取目标专题地图的前后地图序列感知特征信息,通过控制正负样本比例为1:2,提升目标专题地图潜在评分的预测精度;③ 通过Item2Vec将带有用户行为特征信息的专题地图映射到向量空间,计算用户对专题地图的相似度矩阵,根据用户偏好程度完成推荐。在构建的专题地图评分实验数据集Thematic CMaps和4个公开验证数据集MovieLens上的测试结果表明:与LFM、Personal Rank、Content Based和SVD 4种传统推荐算法相比,本文所提方法可有效提高潜在评分的预测精度,推荐性能最高达到27.85%;与以霍夫曼采样方式的Item2Vec基础方法和YouTubeNet 2种神经网络推荐算法相比,评分预测精度有一定提高,且推荐性能不断提升,最高达到2.97%和5.78%。以经典算法奇异值分解（SVD）为例,将MovieLens-20M数据集切分后,在数据量不断增大的数据子集中,本文所用方法的评分预测精度和性能均优于SVD方法。     

基于BPSO-NBayes的雷暴释用预报技术研究

提出了一种新的雷暴预报法,即二进制粒子群-朴素贝叶斯分类器(Binary Particle Swarm Optimization-Naive Bayesian Classifiers,BPSO-NBayes)方法,以福州、连城、宁波3站为例,对使用T511数值预报产品站点的雷暴释用预报技术进行研究。利用2010—2014年T511数值预报产品和单站观测资料,使用BPSO-NBayes方法,建立了0~72 h雷暴预报模型,并与Fisher判别准则和Bayes判别准则进行比较。预报结果表明,BPSO-NBayes模型临界成功指数都在0.29以上,平均值达到0.33以上,是3种方法中最好的,空报率都在0.59以下,漏报率在0.60以下,而且变化幅度很小。BPSO-NBayes模型明显优于Fisher判别准则和Bayes判别准则,具有良好的稳定性和预报能力。     

江西省新一代中短期预报业务流程介绍

按照中国气象局以数值预报产品为基础,以MICAPS预报人机交互系统为工作平台的思路．建立了包括气候背景、预报思路、天气会商、预报制作和管理5个模块的江西省新一代中短期预报业务流程,并重点介绍了数据转换、综合图定义、参数修改、网络改造等有关的本地化工作,以及包括天气形势描述、要素预报的人机交互修改、全省实况描述的预报制作和预报产品自动或半自动生成技术。     

Primary Product Distributions from the Reaction of OH with m-, p-Xylene, 1,2,4- and 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene

A study was conducted to examine the OH-initiated degradation products of the four title compounds in the presence of sub-part-per-million levels of NO_x. The oxidation was conducted in a dynamic reactor to minimize the conversion of the aromatic compounds. The experiments were designed to represent reaction pathways that occur in the atmosphere at ambient NO₂ concentrations. A wide range of ring-retaining and ring-cleavage products having widely varying yields were measured during the study. For m-xylene, the major primary products observed (with molar yields) were methyl glyoxal (0.40), 4-oxo-2-pentenal (0.12), glyoxal (0.079), and m-tolualdehyde (0.049). For p-xylene, the major primary products were p-tolualdehyde (0.103), 2,5-dimethylphenol (0.13), cis-3-hexene-2,5-dione (0.176), trans-3-hexene-2,5-dione (0.045), 2-methyl-butenedial (0.071), glyoxal (0.394), and methylglyoxal (0.217). Several other reaction products were measured at yields less than 3%. The primary products for OH + 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene were found as follows: methylglyoxal (0.44), glyoxal (0.066), cis-3-hexene-2,5-dione (0.13), trans-3-hexene-2,5-dione (0.031), biacetyl (0.114), 3-methyl-3-hexene-2,5-dione (0.079), and 2-methyl-butenedial (0.045). Six other (ring retaining) products were measured at yields less than 3%. The primary products for OH + 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene were methylglyoxal (0.90), 3-methyl-5-methylidene-5(2H)-furanone (0.1), 3,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-2-furanone (0.1), 3,5-dimethyl-5(2H)-2-furanone biacetyl (0.08), and 2-methyl-4-oxo-2- pentenal (0.05). Three other products were detected at molar yields less than 5%. In some cases, the yields for the ring fragmentation products could only be based on calibrations from surrogate compounds. Yields for several of the unsaturated dicarbonyl compounds have not been reported previously while yields for methylglyoxal, glyoxal, and biacetyl are largely consistent with previous reports. Some of the primary furanone products are the identical to those reported as secondary products in aromatic systems.     

海洋生态产品价值实现的参与主体演化博弈分析

海洋生态产品价值实现对推进海洋生态文明建设与海洋经济高质量发展具有重要意义。目前,海洋生态产品价值实现存在市场化程度不高、公众参与度低、实现不充分等问题。本文通过构建海洋生态产品价值实现参与主体（企业、政府和社会公众）的演化博弈模型,探究各方主体的策略稳定性规律,探讨三方博弈系统的均衡点及其稳定性,并运用Matlab仿真分析不同参数变化对系统演化的影响,最后依据博弈分析结果为探索“政府＋市场”的海洋生态产品价值实现路径提供对策建议。结果表明,政府是海洋生态产品价值实现的引导者与推动者,管控成本和社会收益是影响其策略选择的主要因素,加强政府的奖惩力度、增加企业提供海洋生态产品的潜在收益、降低供给成本对企业参与海洋生态产品价值实现具有正向作用,社会公众购买海洋生态产品所获效用的提升与监督成本的减少有利于促进社会公众参与海洋生态产品价值实现。     

Consistency of precipitation products over the Arabian Peninsula and interactions with soil moisture and water storage

The regional-scale consistency between four precipitation products from the GPCC, TRMM, WM, and CMORPH datasets over the Arabian Peninsula was assessed. Their macroscale relationships were inter-compared with soil moisture and total water storage (TWS) estimates from AMSR-E and GRACE. The consistency analysis was studied with multivariate statistical hypothesis testing and Pearson correlation metrics for the period from January 2000 to December 2010. The products and GRACE estimates were assessed over a representative sub-domain (United Arab Emirates) with available in situ well observations. Next, geographically temporally weighted regression (GTWR) was employed to examine the interdependencies among the peninsula’s hydrological components. The results showed GPCC-TRMM recording the highest correlation (0.85) with insignificant mean differences over more than 90% of the peninsula. The highest GTWR predictive performance of TWS (R² = 0.84) was achieved with TRMM forcing, which indicates its potential to monitor changes in TWS over the arid peninsular region.