水库水文情势与浮游植物群落结构

综述和讨论了当前水库水文情势对浮游植物群落的影响研究,主要是水文情势对浮游植物数量、种类组成、物种多样性和群落的空间格局包括垂直和水平分布以及群落演替的影响.     

大庆油田西部地区地下水动态监测网优化设计

大庆油田地下水动态监测,网（用水文地质定性方法建立）历经30多年的开采，需要进行定量优化设计，本次研究采用卡尔曼滤波技术与地下水流系统确定－－随机性数值模型相耦合的方法，首先对现有监测网进行质量评价，计算结果表明：监测网在漏斗区（地下水集中开采区）应增加监测孔的数目，调整监测孔的位置，为此，我们拟订了6套12个备选方案，从中选取了由88个监测孔组成的监测网，此监测网无论从监测目标上还是经费上都是最优的。     

理塘毛垭温泉近期特大异常的调查与分析

本文首次弄清了毛垭温泉测点的局部地质环境，确定了测泉的水文地质性质和类型，弥补了建点基础资料之不足。采用常规的调查追踪方法对该前兆观测点近期出现的特大异常进行了较为详细地落实，并简要分析了调查结果。     

震兆图象的远程遥联性

通过研究我国一些震情窗口成组震兆与大陆及边邻Ms≥7.0级地震的整体链式活动的对应关系,指出这些窗口的成组震兆具有远程遥联的特点。对这种特点的深入研究将有可能为我国大陆及边邻地区地震活动的总体大形势作出估计。     

Storm catastrophes in the United States

A unique historical data set describing the 142 storms each producing losses in excess of $100 million in the United States during the 1950–89 period were analyzed to describe their temporal characteristics. The storms caused $66.2 billion in losses (in 1991 values), 76% of the nation's insured storm losses in this period. These extreme storm catastrophes (SCs) were most prevalent in the south, southeast, northeast, and central U.S., with few in and west of the Rocky Mountains. Storm incidences were high in the 1950s, low in the 1960s-early 1970s, and increased in the 1980s. Losses due to SCs peaked in the 1950s, again in the late 1960s, with a lesser peak after 1985. The areal extent of storm losses peaked after 1975 and was least in the 1960s. The temporal variations of the three storm measures (incidence, losses, and extent) did not agree except when they all peaked in the 1950s. Regionally-derived time distributions of SCs showed a marked north-south differences in the United States with a U-shaped 40-year distribution in the northern half of the nation, and a relatively flat trend until a peak in the 1980s in the southern regions. The temporal distributions of hurricane-caused catastrophes differed regionally with occurrences in the prime areas, the southern, southeastern, and northeastern U.S., each quite different. Temporal distributions of thunderstorm and winter storm catastrophes were regionally more uniform.     

内蒙古沙麦岩体：正εNd（t）值的过铝质花岗岩

内蒙古沙麦岩体位于大兴安岭中段西坡,是二连浩特-东乌珠穆沁旗花岗岩带的重要组成部分。岩体中脉岩和围岩捕虏体较为发育,岩性组合主要为中细粒黑云母花岗岩和细粒似斑状花岗岩。在化学成分上,沙麦岩体以铝弱过饱和,富硅,全碱含量中等和低磷为特点,标准矿物中刚玉分子大于1%,可归为过铝质 S 型花岗岩。在稀土元素和微量元素组成上,岩体富 Rb、Th、U、Ta,贫 Ba、Sr、P、Ti,Rb/Sr 比值高,K/Rb 比值低,Eu 负异常明显。在 Nd 同位素组成上,岩体 Nd 同位素组成变化较大,除一件样品ε_(Nd)(t)值为负值以外,普遍以具正ε_(Nd)(t)值为特点,T_(2DM)值介于275.79～1048.41Ma 之间。研究结果表明,沙麦岩体形成于晚中生代后造山的岩石圈伸展环境中,是幔源基性岩浆底侵及其诱发的壳-幔混合岩浆,同化中上地壳泥质围岩并经高程度分离结晶的产物。     

对临汾人工影响天气工作的调研报告

人工增雨防雹是直接为工农业生产服务的公益性事业,有利于促进草木植被生长,可有效地扑救森林、草场火灾,是保护和改善生态环境的重要措施;可以减轻大气污染程度,改善空气质量,有益于人们的身心健康;可以缓解工业、农业和人民生活用水供需矛盾,促进社会经济可持续发展。分析表明,凡是降水量明显偏少的年份,粮食大都减产;年降雨量多的年份,粮食大都增产。这表明,人工增雨消雹对于经济建设和社会发展尤其是对农业生产有着重要的意义。     

吕梁市2005年9月20日暴雨过程分析

本文从天气形势、物理量场、卫星云图等方面对2005年9月20日出现在吕梁市的大到暴雨,局部大暴雨天气过程进行了综合分析,得到了一些有益的结论。     

Further Study on Identifying Anomalous Large-Scale Rainfall Regimes in Phase Space

Using a 40-yr daily precipitation dataset including 134 stations from 1962 to 2001, the large-scale distribution patterns of precipitation anomalies over East China are investigated in the present paper. In the phase space spanned by the first 8 EOFs generated from the 20-day low-pass filtered data, the six rainfall regimes (RRs) are identified by applying a cluster analysis method, namely, the northeastern China regime, Yellow River regime, Qinling Mountain-Huaihe River regime, Yangtze River with its south regime, South China regime, and rainless regime. Analyses show that the new RRs exhibit good persistence and evident physical sense, and excellently represent both of countrywide and regional features, which also demonstrate the inhomogeneity of multi-dimensional phase space. Furthermore, it is more important that the new RRs can describe intraseasonal dynamic characteristics of large-scale rainfall anomalies, which is the most significant difference between the new RRs and the conventional seasonal mean rainfall patterns. On the other hand, the climatic characteristics of daily distributions of the RRs events, as well as the 40-year panorama of the RRs occurring are also investigated, which further document rationality and objectivity of the RRs with intraseasonal variability, and are likely to present more helpful information for short-term climate prediction, compared with other previous classical rainfall patterns.     

基于3S技术土地利用现状数据库更新方法探讨

本文研究了基于3S技术的1:1万土地利用现状更新调查的方法,针对其中遇到的若干问题进行了探讨,认为正射影像图制作时必须注意精度问题,影像解译采用自动分类与目视解译相结合的方法可以提高效率保证解译精度;外业调绘补测应该严把质量关,以保障整个工程的精度,外业调绘结果采用直接矢量化可以减少工作量,以减少误差;重新划分图斑号可以方便外业调查和今后土地管理工作;建议数据建库时采用地形图校正可以提高数据库的精度。