湛江强结构性黏土的物理力学性质指标及相关性分析

湛江黏土具有较强的结构性,结构性对土的力学特性影响不容忽视.对湛江黏土的物理力学指标的相关性和变异性进行统计分析,建立重要指标间的关系经验公式,这可为湛江地区地基基础可靠性设计的参数选取提供依据.结果表明,湛江黏土富含黏粒、黏土矿物含量高、含胶凝状的有机质成分、强胶结特性以及片状颗粒为主的絮凝结构是导致其具有不良物理性...     

马岭油田南二区延9油藏注水开发储集层特征变化研究

为了解马岭油田南二区延9油藏长期注水后储层特征的变化及产生机理,通过室内物理模拟实验方法,结合矿场2口检查井取心分析结果,研究了注水前后储层物性、孔喉特征和渗流特征的变化。结果表明:长期注水后,由于注入水对储层的作用主要集中在孔隙的喉道部分,储层渗透率明显增大,孔隙度增加较小;储层物性的增加主要与水洗后粘土矿物含量的降低、水洗程度、储层初始渗透率大小和裂缝的开启有关,其中裂缝开启对储层物性的影响最显著;水洗后储层岩石表面油膜脱落,岩石润湿性由亲油性变为亲水性。以上综合作用的结果使油水两相流动能力增强、两相区范围变宽,水驱油效率增大。可见马岭油田南二区延9油藏注水开发中储层的变化有利于油田开发。     

Characteristics of clay minerals in sediments of Hemudu area,Zhejiang, China in Holocene and their environmental significance

The Ningshao Plain experienced sea-level fluctuation and climate change in the Holocene and gave birth to a Neolithic Civilization, the Hemudu Culture (about 5000 BC). Using XRD method, this paper studied the clay mineralogy of sediments in core HMD-1301 from Hemudu Site area in Ningshao Plain. Results show that the clay mineral assemblages in all samples are quite consistent. They are dominated by illite (about 57%) and smectite (about 26%), and a small amount of kaolinite (about 6%) and chlorite (about 9%). In addition, illite, chlorite, and kaolinite are originated mainly from eolian loesses. Smectite is resulted mainly from chemical weathering of local volcanic rocks outcropped. Illite crystallinity indicates the climatic characteristics of the source region, and illite chemistry index reflects the climate nature of the sedimentary area. It is our understanding that water medium properties in a sedimentary environment affect clay mineral assemblage and the distribution, based on which were cognized the Holocene transgression-regression events in the Hemudu Site area. These mineral indices are well comparable with geochemical indicators in identifying the transgression-regression events. We believe that these events affected the ancient civilization of the ancient residential communities at the time.©2019 China Geology Editorial Office.     

湖泊硼含量和盐度关系模拟实验研究

古盐度是恢复古环境,认识气候、环境干湿变化过程的一种重要方法。自然界水体中硼的含量是盐度的线性函数,而粘土矿物从水体中吸收的硼含量与水体的盐度有关,以此为依据,采集尕斯库勒湖湖水进行湖水盐度与硼含量关系的实验研究与探讨,证明湖相沉积物中粘土的硼含量可用来估算沉积初期湖泊水体的盐度,硼可作为反映湖泊水体盐度的一个较好的指标。     

Clay mineralogy of Gulf of Papua Shelf and Pandora Trough deposits constrains sediment routing during the last sea-level cycle

The Gulf of Papua inner mid-shelf clinothem and lowstand deposits in Pandora Trough record sediment source and routing through the last sea-level cycle on 20 kyr cycles. Clay mineralogy tracked dispersal of sediment from the two types of rivers (wide versus narrow floodplains) to constrain the contributions of river systems to the Gulf of Papua clinothem and Pandora Trough deposits. Fly River sediment has higher illite:smectite than clays from the small mountainous rivers (Bamu, Turama, Kikori and Purari rivers) that drain regions with more limestones. X-ray diffraction shows high illite:smectite proximal to the Fly River delta that decrease towards the north-east. Downcore mineralogy of inner mid-shelf cores reveals that the largest shifts in illite:smectite correspond to changes in sediment units. The relict clinothem emplaced on the Gulf of Papua shelf during Marine Isotope Stage 3 has lower illite:smectite than the Holocene clinothem that has been building since 2 ka and the Marine Isotope Stage 5a relict clinothem. In the inner mid-shelf, downcore decreases in illite:smectite during Marine Isotope Stage 3 suggest that this region received less clay from the Fly River and more contributions from small mountainous rivers. During Marine Isotope Stage 3, the exposed physiography and narrower shelf in this region may have deflected Fly River sediment more south-eastward, where it bypassed the inner shelf via the Kiwai, Purutu and Umuda valleys and was deposited in the Pandora Trough. The Fly River may have been more susceptible to valley incision because of its limited shelf accommodation and higher ratio of water to sediment discharge. Such bypass of the inner mid-shelf by Fly River sediment during the Marine Isotope Stage 2 sea-level lowstand is recorded in Pandora Trough deposits with high illite:smectite ratios. Inner mid-shelf clinothems with compositional shifts on the order of 20 kyr may be influenced by shelf physiography, accommodation and the variable incision by small and large rivers.     

风成三趾马红土与第四纪黄土的粘土矿物组成异同及其环境意义

文章基于X射线衍射、热分析和理化分析,对西峰三趾马红土的粘土矿物组成进行较系统研究,并与上覆第四纪黄土和古土壤样品进行对比.结果表明,二者的粘土矿物类型相似,以伊利石为主,其次是绿泥石、蒙脱石和高岭石; 但伊利石结晶度明显低于第四纪黄土,而与发育较好的第四纪古土壤(如S4和S5)相当; 三趾马红土中的粘土矿物组成主要为碎屑成因,成壤作用只对伊利石结晶度有明显影响.根据现代土壤粘土矿物地带性分布规律,三趾马红土的粘土矿物组合指示了大约6Ma以来,我国北方黄土高原地区一直处于温带半湿润-半干润的环境条件下,以后的气候主要在此范围内波动.但伊利石结晶度的变化指示了晚中新世-上新世总体比第四纪较高的风化成壤强度,体现了较强的夏季风效应.     

Analysis of dynamic spherical cavity expansion in undrained modified Cam Clay soil

In order to capture the influence of the cavity expansion velocity, this paper presents a semianalytical solution for dynamic spherical cavity expansion in modified Cam Clay (MCC) soil. The key problem is solving the six coupled partial differential equations (PDEs) of cavity expansion, in which the dynamic term is considered in the stress equilibrium equation. The similarity transformation technique is used to transform the PDEs into ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Subsequently, the numerical method using the function “ODE45” in MATLAB is selected to solve the ODEs, which allows the stress and excess pore pressure around the expanding spherical cavity wall to be obtained. The proposed semianalytical solution for dynamic spherical cavity expansion was validated by comparting the degenerate solution with the published quasistatic solution for the MCC model. Parametric study was then conducted to capture the influence of the cavity wall velocity on the cavity expansion response. The proposed solution has potential application to geotechnical problems such as dynamic pile driving, the dynamic cone penetration test, and so forth.     

Monitoring of internal failure evolution in soils using computerization X-ray tomography

Computerized X-ray tomography (CT) has been used in disciplines such as soil science, geology and rock mechanics to analyze the texture of geomaterials. However, this potentially useful method has not thus far been used adequately in engineering geological analyses.To investigate its feasibility, CT is utilized in this study to monitor the evolution of internal failure in soil masses. An apparatus that can be fitted into the chamber of a medical CT was built to conduct geotechnical tests. Loading and shearing experiments were performed on bentonite, kaolinite, sand, silicon powders, and glass beads. CT images have been taken on different cross-sections inside the specimens to monitor soil deformation continuously. The results of direct shear, horizontal and vertical loading tests are presented and discussed. It has been demonstrated that CT is a powerful non-destructive and non-invasive tool for engineering geological analyses.     

烃源岩中可溶有机质与粘土矿物结合关系——以东营凹陷沙四段低熟烃源岩为例

 采用超临界抽提(SFE)新技术和氯仿抽提(CE)以及粘土分离等手段对东营凹陷沙四段低熟油烃源岩进行不同处理,得到3种粘土样品:(1)含有机质的粘土原样;(2)氯仿抽提去有机质的样品;(3)不同实验条件下超临界抽提后的样品。然后,分别对这3种粘土样品进行X射线衍射分析(XRD)和傅利叶转换红外光谱分析(FT-IR).研究发现烃源岩中可溶有机质除了吸附于矿物表面外,还吸附于粘土矿物尤其是蒙皂石层的层间,后者主要为碳数相对较低的饱和烃类。这一发现对认识沉积岩中可溶有机质对粘土矿物结构和特性的影响有着重要意义,对烃源岩评价和探讨泥质烃源岩烃类的初次运移提供了新思路。