衍射地震CT技术的数值研究

本文首先解决了声波方程的非Born近似的正演计算问题,从而获得理论上不带近似的正演数据;然后,推导了井间（CBP）、垂直地震剖面（VSP）和地面反射（SRP）三种不同的数据采集方式下的衍射CT的重建公式;利用这些重建算法和正演数据,系统地研究了影响到地球物理CT成象质量的三种因素,即:（1）数据采集方式,（2）异常程度和（3）成象区域的尺寸,对重建图象的影响;并比较了衍射地震CT和射线地震CT的成象质量。     

Deep Processes of Basin Evolution:A Case Study of the Southern Songliao Basin and Adjacent Area,NE China in Mesozoic-Cenozoic

1IntroductionOne of the key factors related to basin geody-namics is deep process controlling formation and evolution of sedimentary basin. Depth and tempera-ture of asthenosphere,existence of mantle plume,occurrence of mantle melting,and amounts of melts under depressurization during thinning of lithosphere are controlling factors influenced formation and characteristics of extensional basin directly (Li,1994). Rifting is probably governed by frictional forces exerted on the base of litho…     

岩浆铜-镍-铂族元素硫化矿床“深部熔离-贯入”成矿作用与模式——加拿大伏伊希湾和中国金川矿床地质特征对比

通过对金川铜镍矿床地质、矿化特征与加拿大伏伊希湾（Voisey’s Bay）铜-镍-铂族元素硫化物矿床进行系统对比分析,总结出这2个世界级铜镍硫化物矿床形成演化方面的相似性、可比性及其共同特点,即深部岩浆房含矿岩浆沿通道脉动式上侵,到上部表现为“小岩体,成大矿”。成矿作用过程和模式表现为：①含矿岩浆的有序侵位显示岩浆在深部岩浆房停歇过程中曾发生熔离分异,形成岩浆、含矿岩浆、富矿岩浆和矿浆分层结构;②成矿作用是在富有动力的岩浆环境下岩浆不连续（脉动式）上侵过程中发生的,岩浆熔融体富含挥发组分,上侵活动剧烈,围岩角砾化;③含矿岩浆沿相同的通道或越位上侵,在先期侵入岩体下侧或上方不同空间成矿;④岩浆运移过程中与围岩发生相互作用、组分交换和成矿物质的富集。深入阐明了含矿岩浆不连续（脉动式）上侵、后续岩浆补给和混合是镁铁—超镁铁岩体中硫化物被聚集在岩浆流动的通道内形成超大型铜镍硫化物型铂族元素矿床的重要机制。     

阻燃级氢氧化镁制备过程中表面有机化改性

文章通过论述阻燃剂型氢氧化镁制备过程中的表面有机化改性,对改性剂、作用机理和改性工艺等进行了探讨,说明了对阻燃剂型氢氧化镁表面有机化改性的重要性,及在氢氧化镁制备过程中综合分析、系统研究的必要性。     

A consistent derivation of the wave-energy equation from basic hydrodynamic principles

Based on a decomposition of the velocity into mean flow, turbulent and wave components, momentum and hereafter a wave-energy equation is derived. It contains a turbulent energy dissipation term which is closed by applying a wave-related mixing length model and linear wave theory solutions. This closure produces a non-linear turbulent wave-energy dissipation including the wave energy in a 5/2 power law. The theory is able to predict correctly the shape of deep-water wave spectra according to Phillips' similarity law.Responsible Editor: Hans Burchard     

地貌学的基本范式及其在教学科研中的作用

自吉尔伯特和戴维斯的时代开始,地貌学的研究即已遵从理论优先的观察背负模式。从以描述为主的侵蚀循环学说、强调定量分析的地表过程、水力几何学到目前系统地貌学的研究,此中充盈着大量的范式、原理和基本概念,它们是地貌学作为一门科学存在和发展的理论基础。在课堂教学与课程发展层面上,从地貌学史的角度注重对基本范式的归纳和讲授,是培养与激发学生学习兴趣和专业素养的主要途径。通过对经典文献的研读,学生可以从中直接学习到详尽地描述和思辨方法,同时还会意识到对地貌学思想的传承和理论的接受应该批判地进行。在学科建设和科学研究方面,基于范式研究是利用共同的学术语言融入国际地貌学界的前提,凝练学科整体关心的科学问题,开展有组织持续有效的基础理论研究,是复兴国内地貌学的最佳途径。     

鄱阳湖滨沙地植物多样性特征

采用线路踏查法和空间代替时间的方法,调查统计鄱阳湖滨多宝沙山沙地植物组成、优势类群以及风沙化过程中植物组成、多样性、生态习性和生活型的变化特点。结果表明：（1）鄱阳湖滨多宝沙山沙地植物有129种,隶属于58科104属,其中被子植物为研究区沙生植物的重要组成部分;生活型谱以高位芽植物居首位,其次为一年生植物,具有明显的亚热带荒漠属性;优势类群主要为蔷薇科(Rosaceae)、蝶形花科(Papilionaceae)、菊科(Compositae)和禾本科(Gramineae)植物。（2）土地风沙化过程中,植物组成变化较大,固定沙丘上以特有种占优势,流动沙丘上主要是共有种,半流动沙丘上以共有种和稀有种组成;植物丰富度、多样性指数逐渐降低;旱生植物比例增多,中生植物减少,湿生植物仅在固定沙丘阶段出现;一年生植物的减少,地下芽植物的增加,变化幅度较大的为半流动沙丘至流动沙丘阶段。     

层次分析法在新疆卡姆斯特煤矿区煤炭资源评价中的应用

卡姆斯特煤矿区煤炭资源储量丰富,但煤田地质工作程度低,勘探开发滞后,已不能适应阿勒泰地区经济发展对矿产开发的需求。为缓解阿勒泰地区煤炭紧缺状况,依据勘探程度、构造复杂程度、煤层露头线及煤层1 000m深部界线等因素圈定三巴斯陶、塔哈拉巴斯塔乌、喀拉萨依等3个含煤远景区作为煤炭资源评价单元,将资源条件、开采技术条件、开发条件和开发效益等影响煤炭资源评价的要素细化为29个评价参数,运用层次分析法（AHP）建立煤炭资源评价模型,构建对比矩阵,确定评价参数权值总排序。根据各评价对象的调查成果,结合专家意见给出各参数隶属度权值,利用乘积法得出评价对象的综合评价隶属度：三巴斯陶为0.627 5,塔哈拉巴斯塔乌为0.700 5,喀拉萨依为0.682 7。根据该结果,认为塔哈拉巴斯塔乌含煤远景区煤炭资源综合条件较好,可作为下一步勘查工作的首选区。     

Parallelization of the flow-path network model using a particle-set strategy

High-performance simulation of flow dynamics remains a major challenge in the use of physical-based, fully distributed hydrologic models. Parallel computing has been widely used to overcome efficiency limitation by partitioning a basin into sub-basins and executing calculations among multiple processors. However, existing partition-based parallelization strategies are still hampered by the dependency between inter-connected sub-basins. This study proposed a particle-set strategy to parallelize the flow-path network (FPN) model for achieving higher performance in the simulation of flow dynamics. The FPN model replaced the hydrological calculations on sub-basins with the movements of water packages along the upstream and downstream flow paths. Unlike previous partition-based task decomposition approaches, the proposed particle-set strategy decomposes the computational workload by randomly allocating runoff particles to concurrent computing processors. Simulation experiments of the flow routing process were undertaken to validate the developed particle-set FPN model. The outcomes of hourly outlet discharges were compared with field gauged records, and up to 128 computing processors were tested to explore its speedup capability in parallel computing. The experimental results showed that the proposed framework can achieve similar prediction accuracy and parallel efficiency to that of the Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN)-based Real-Time Integrated Basin Simulator (tRIBS).