地质导向技术在L型煤层气水平井 T-P05井中的应用

通过分析山西L型煤层气水平井的技术难点,着重建立造斜着陆与水平段导向两大导向模型,形成了以标志层划分与对比、地层倾角推算、地质建模和实时轨迹控制四个方面为主的L型煤层气水平井地质导向技术流程,该技术在T-P05井的成功应用,不仅丰富了煤层气水平井地质导向技术的内容与方法,更进一步验证了该技术在现场具有较强的可操作性和良好的应用前景,值得大力推广。     

基于数值模拟的再生水对地下水质影响实例

为了探讨在再生水地表回灌条件下,再生水对地下水中氨素和主要盐分浓度变化的影响,选取现实存在的清河再生水湿地公园为例,以氨氮、Cl-离子为主要研究对象,利用Hydrus-1D溶质运移模型和Modflow、MT3DMSD耦合地下水模型,模拟了再生水长期利用后的地下水氨氮和Cl-指标变化情况。研究结果显示,再生水到达包气带底部时,水中氮氨、Cl-离子含量高于研究区潜水地下水中的相应指标含量,氨氮超出地下水质量Ⅲ类标准。预测5~20年后,潜水中氨氮超标面积不断扩展,20年后将达14km2,氨氮超标垂向延伸至第一层弱透水层;Cl-离子在潜水中不超标,但在湿地公园周边浓度有所增加。湿地公园再生水的长期地表回灌将给当地地下水质量带来负面影响。     

Crust structure of the northeastern Barents Sea basin area

Processing of data from regional geophysical surveys completed in the northern Barents Sea has provided updates to gravity and magnetic databases, structural maps of seismic interfaces, and positions of anomaly sources, which made a basis for 3D density and magnetic models of the crust. The new geological and geophysical results placed constraints on the boundaries between basement blocks formed in different settings and on the contours of deposition zones of different ages in the northeastern Barents Sea. The estimated thicknesses of sedimentary sequences that formed within certain time spans record the deposition history of the region. There is a 20-50 km wide deep suture between two basins of Mesozoic and Paleozoic ages in the eastern part of the region, where pre-Late Triassic reflectors have no clear correlation. The suture slopes eastward at a low angle and corresponds to a paleothrust according to seismic and modeling data. In the basement model, the suture is approximated by a zone of low magnetization and density, which is common to active fault systems. The discovery of the suture has important geological and exploration implications.     

Role of heterogeneities in jointing (fracturing) of geological media: Numerical analysis of fracture mechanisms

Fracture process is investigated using finite-difference simulations with a new constitutive model. It is shown that both geometry and fracture mechanism itself depend on the preexisting heterogeneities that are stress concentrators. In the brittle regime (low pressure, P), Mode-I fractures propagate normal to the least stress σ₃ from the imposed weak zones. At high P, shear deformation bands are formed oblique to σ₃. At intermediate values of P, the fracture process involves both shear banding and tensile cracking and results in the initiation and propagation of pure dilation bands. The propagating band tip undulates, reacting on the failure mechanism changes, but its global orientation is normal to σ₃. The σ₃-normal fractures are joints. There are thus two types of joints resulting from Mode-I cracking and dilation banding, respectively. The obtained numerical results are in good agreement with and explain the results from previous similar experimental study.     

Calibration of cyclic constitutive models by oscillating functions

Most structures are subjected to more cyclic loads during their life time than static loads. These cyclic action could be a result of either natural or man-made activities and may lead to soil failure. In order to understand the response of the foundation and its interaction with these complex cyclic loadings, various researchers have over the years developed different constitutive models. Although a lot of research is being carried out on these relatively new models, little or no details exist in literature about the model-based identification of the cyclic constitutive parameters which to a large extent govern the quality of the model output. This could be attributed to the difficulties and complexities of the inverse modeling of such complex phenomena. A variety of optimisation strategies are available for the solution of the sum of least-squares problems as usually done in the field of model calibration. However, for the back analysis (calibration) of the soil response to oscillatory load functions, this article gives insight into the model calibration challenges and also puts forward a method for the inverse modeling of cyclic loaded foundation response such that high-quality solutions are obtained with minimum computational effort.     

准噶尔盆地腹部地区生烃增压定量化评价——东道海子北凹陷为例

目前准噶尔盆地腹部地区超压演化过程仅提供了相对时间、概念、定性的认识,并未达到定量化。本文以东道海子北凹陷为例,基于流体包裹体、单井一维和剖面二维烃源岩成熟生烃史模拟技术,采用生烃增压模型定量化评价了侏罗纪八道湾组顶部和底部烃源岩的生烃增压演化过程。研究结果表明侏罗纪八道湾组为东道海子北凹陷主力烃源岩,具有幕式排烃的特点。八道湾组底部烃源岩经历了3 次超压增加和两次超压释放的过程,顶部烃源岩经历了两次超压增加和一次超压释放的过程。八道湾底部烃源岩3 次超压增加的时间分别为距今170～70 Ma、55～23 Ma、10～0 Ma,对应最大压力系数均为2.0,最大剩余流体压力50 MPa,两次超压释放的时间分别为70～55 Ma、23～10 Ma;八道湾组顶部烃源岩两次超压增加的时间分别为130～40 Ma、23～0 Ma,对应流体最大压力系数最大亦可达2.0 左右,最大剩余流体压力44 MPa,超压释放的时间为40～23 Ma。     

广东省仁化县书楼丘铀矿床三维地质建模及成矿预测

综合地质、地球化学等资料进行多元信息成矿预测是目前深部固体矿产主要工作方法。广东仁化县书楼丘铀矿床位于诸广南铀矿田北部,是诸广南铀矿田重要的组成之一。本次为了拓宽书楼丘矿床深部找矿思路,探讨其找矿潜力,在前人研究和勘探基础上,总结了矿床综合信息找矿模型,以三维定量预测研究理论基础,根据矿床成矿条件和找矿标志特征,提取地质、化探、钻探资料的成矿有利信息,并利用COCAD软件构建了地形-地表、岩体、构造、矿体等地质模型,对信息进行综合成矿有利分析,运用信息量法进行研究区深部矿产资源预测,共圈定了3片靶区。     

基于KronosFlow软件对逆冲推覆带构造-热演化的初探

盆地模拟是含油气盆地勘探评价的重要技术方法之一,然而传统的盆地建模2D模拟技术仅适用于拉张型盆地,使得挤压型盆地横向上的热史重建一直是个难题,从而制约了进一步的油气勘探。目前由法国Beicip-Franlab公司设计的KronosFlow软件突破了传统盆模软件对逆冲推覆带、盐构造和泥底辟等复杂构造的局限性,精确控制了横向和垂向上的构造位移,通过跟踪单个网格连续运动形态、恢复侧向变形量以及与TemisFlow软件无缝衔接,实现了对挤压型盆地埋藏史、热史、生排烃史以及油气运聚史的恢复。以塔里木盆地北缘柯坪逆冲推覆带和库车逆冲推覆带为例,利用KronosFlow软件定量反演了新生代以来的构造-热演化历史,并以实测数据约束并验证挤压环境下盆地模拟结果的有效性。柯坪逆冲推覆带的依木干他乌断层在40~30 Ma再次活动,断层附近志留系—泥盆系的温度大于85 ℃,柯坪塔格断层在15~10 Ma活动,断层附近志留系—泥盆系的温度小于70 ℃,寒武系（烃源岩成熟度为1.3%~1.7%）和奥陶系（烃源岩成熟度为0.7%~1.2%）烃源岩热演化程度高,生烃能力强。库车逆冲推覆带侏罗系北段温度介于50~70 ℃,南段温度介于210~230 ℃,盐构造造成地温异常,其中秋里塔格构造带膏盐岩最厚,降温效果最明显。      

Generation of oceanic internal gravity waves by a cyclonic surface stress disturbance

Atmospheric cyclones with strong winds significantly impact ocean circulation, regional sea surface temperature, and deep water formation across the global oceans. Thus they are expected to play a key role in a variety of energy transport mechanisms. Even though wind-generated internal gravity waves are thought to contribute significantly to the energy balance of the deep ocean, their excitation mechanisms are only partly understood.The present study investigates the generation of internal gravity waves during a geostrophic adjustment process in a Boussinesq model with axisymmetric geometry. The atmospheric disturbance is set by an idealized pulse of cyclonic wind stress with a Rankine vortex structure. Strength, radius and duration of the forcing are varied. The effect upon wave generation of stratification with variable mixed-layer depth is also examined.Results indicate that internal gravity waves are generated after approximately one inertial period. The outward radial energy flux is dominated by waves having structure close to vertical mode-1 and with frequency close to the inertial frequency. Less energetic higher mode waves are observed to be generated close to the sea floor underneath the storm. The total radiated energy corresponds to approximately 0.02% of the wind input. Deeper mixed-layer conditions as well as weaker stratification reduce this fraction.The low energy transfer rates suggest that other processes that drive vertical motion like surface heat fluxes, turbulent motion, mixed region collapse and storm translation are essential for significant energy extraction by internal gravity waves to occur.     

Iran's precipitation analysis using synoptic modeling of major teleconnection forces (MTF)

In this relatively unprecedented study, the effects of thirty-four leading teleconnection Patterns (indices) of atmospheric circulation- on regional-scale for the Middle East- along with precipitation over Iran have been investigated. Different types of data including teleconnection Indices from NOAA (NCEP/NCAR, BOM) and monthly precipitation data from thirty-six synoptic stations of Iran were applied. The data have been investigated with various types of statistical and synoptical methods. The results indicate that El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the most effective factor and it could possibly influence the spatiotemporal variation of precipitation on all types of climate regimes in Iran. ENSO (nino3.4), The Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) and The Arctic oscillation (AO) are known as the first three important indices, determined by Principal component analysis (PCA) method. The research has clarified that a combination of warm phase of ENSO and a predominant Southeastern (SE) wind over the Indian Ocean can result in a significant moisture transport from the Indian Ocean to the Middle East and to Iran; a combination of cold phase of ENSO and a predominant Northwestern (NW) wind over the Indian Ocean can be followed by a widespread drought over the Middle East and Iran. The results also indicate that a combination of the first three important above-mentioned indices and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) can provide a much better explanation for spatial and temporal variation of precipitation of Iran. Finally, the results of this study will enable us to present a new approach and new graphical-conceptual modeling, called "Teleconnection-Synoptic Method (TSM)"to clarify the underlying mechanism that can explain the spatial and temporal variations of global atmospheric circulation and precipitation of Iran. According to the correlation of different patterns with precipitation, the strongest relationships are related to the Scandinavia Index (SCN), Pressure Change in East Pacific (dPEPac) and Trade Wind Index at the 850 hPa (TrdWnd850), respectively.