Geochemistry of waters associated with the old mine workings at Fonte Santa (NE of Portugal)

The quartz veins containing scheelite from Fonte Santa mine cut the Lower Ordovician quartzites. A muscovite–biotite granite (G1) and a muscovite granite (G2), both S-type, crop out close to the Fonte Santa mine and are related to the Moncorvo–Bemposta shear zone. The most altered samples of G2 show intense muscovitization and microclinization and contain chlorite, columbite–tantalite, wolframite, W-ixiolite and Fe-oxides. The tin-bearing granites contain 18 ppm (G1) and 73 ppm (G2) Sn. The most altered samples of G2 correspond to a tungsten granite. The quartz veins contain muscovite, chlorite, tourmaline, scheelite, pyrrhotite, pyrite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, galena, arsenopyrite, iron oxides, Fe sulfates, phosphates of Pb, Fe and Al. The Fonte Santa mine area was exploited for W between 1942 and 1982. At the end of November 2006, a flood event damaged the tailings dam of Fonte Santa mine, releasing contaminated material and increasing contaminant levels in water within the area of influence of the mine. The waters related to the Fonte Santa mine are poorly mineralized, with electrical conductivity of < 965 µS/cm, and of a mixed type or HCO₃⁻ and SO₄²⁻ types. Most pH values (5.0−8.5) indicate that there is no significant acidic drainage in the region, as found in other areas. More acidic values (pH = 3.4) were found in the mine's lagoon. Waters associated with mineralized veins and old mine activities have Fe and Mn concentrations that forbid their use for human consumption and agriculture. Natural Na, Mg and K water contents are associated with the alteration of albite, chlorite and muscovite of country rock, while Ca with the W-bearing quartz veins. Weathering agents are carbonic and sulphuric acids and the latter has a strong influence in areas draining fine-grained mine tailings.     

气流通过水域时的变性

利用量纲分析和数理方法推得了可用解析函数表示的气流通过水域时各气象要素在水上和下风岸陆地上变化的公式，并用１９８２年１，４，７，１０月在江苏兴化县大纵湖专门布点进行水域气候效应系统观测的资料对所得公式进行检验，同时根据理论结果和实际观测资料研讨气流通过水域时各气象要素变化的规律     

Water masses and currents of deep circulation southwest of the Shatsky Rise in the western North Pacific

We conducted full-depth hydrographic observations in the southwestern region of the Northwest Pacific Basin in September 2004 and November 2005. Deep-circulation currents crossed the observation line between the East Mariana Ridge and the Shatsky Rise, carrying Lower Circumpolar Deep Water westward in the lower deep layer (θ<1.2 °C) and Upper Circumpolar Deep Water (UCDW) and North Pacific Deep Water (NPDW) eastward in the upper deep layer (1.3–2.2 °C). In the lower deep layer at depths greater than approximately 3500 m, the eastern branch current of the deep circulation was located south of the Shatsky Rise at 30°24′–30°59′N with volume transport of 3.9 Sv (1 Sv=10⁶ m³ s⁻¹) in 2004 and at 30°06′–31°15′N with 1.6 Sv in 2005. The western branch current of the deep circulation was located north of the Ogasawara Plateau at 26°27′–27°03′N with almost 2.1 Sv in 2004 and at 26°27′–26°45′N with 2.7 Sv in 2005. Integrating past and present results, volume transport southwest of the Shatsky Rise is concluded to be a little less than 4 Sv for the eastern branch current and a little more than 2 Sv for the western branch current. In the upper deep layer at depths of approximately 2000–3500 m, UCDW and NPDW, characterized by high and low dissolved oxygen, respectively, were carried eastward at the observation line by the return flow of the deep circulation composing meridional overturning circulation. UCDW was confined between the East Mariana Ridge and the Ogasawara Plateau (22°03′–25°33′N) in 2004, whereas it extended to 26°45′N north of the Ogasawara Plateau in 2005. NPDW existed over the foot and slope of the Shatsky Rise from 29°48′N in 2004 and 30°06′N in 2005 to at least 32°30′N at the top of the Shatsky Rise. Volume transport of UCDW was estimated to be 4.6 Sv in 2004, whereas that of NPDW was 1.4 Sv in 2004 and 2.6 Sv in 2005, although the values for NPDW may be slightly underestimated, because they do not include the component north of the top of the Shatsky Rise. Volume transport of UCDW and NPDW southwest of the Shatsky Rise is concluded to be approximately 5 and 3 Sv, respectively. The pathways of UCDW and NPDW are new findings and suggest a correction for the past view of the deep circulation in the Pacific Ocean.     

Water masses in Thermaicos Gulf,north-western Aegean Sea

Physical oceanographic data were collected during September 1975 at stations in the shallow water (max. depth 45 m) embayments of Salonica Bay and Thermaicos Gulf, and comparisons are made with data collected during other seasons. The distribution of temperature and salinity in the water column indicated the following features: fresh surface water predominantly related to river discharge; an intermediate water mass, apparently formed by mixing between the fresh and open sea waters; a thermocline, and deep bottom water open sea characteristics. The summer distribution of density in the surface and bottom waters, and the seasonal variation in the pattern of surface salinity, suggested an anti-clockwise water circulation throughout the embayments.     

Study on biological oceanography characteristics of planktonic copepods in waters north of Taiwan Ⅰ.Abundance distribution

I~IOXWith regard tO the 5,tudy on the planktonic copeal distributions in the Kuroshio waters ofthe East China Sea and its adjacent areas, a great ~nt of reSearch work has been made by somescholars at home (He and Yang, 1990; Meng et al., 1990; He, 1990; Liu et al., 1991; He etal., 1992; He et al., 1994). HOwever, the most of them were made in a single season, and it isabet about in the research of the various aspects of species comPOSition, abundance distributionand ecological characte…     

北海珍珠养殖区与非养殖区海域水体氮含量的分布及其与环境因子的关系

根据2008年9月和2009年4月对广西北海海域珍珠养殖区和非养殖区水体各形态氮含量的调查资料,采用对比手法研究其氮循环特征及其与环境因子的关系.结果表明：研究海域水体各种形态氮含量无论在季节上还是区域上,均突出地体现了养殖生物的释放作用和陆源排污的影响作用.氮的含量变化随着区域和季节不同而显示出特有的规律.春季,正值珠贝插核期的养殖区水体中的氮含量较低,并在不同区域随生物链作用呈现出很好的规律性,各形态氮含量与环境因子之间呈相关的几率较高,其中DON含量与pH值以及DIN含量与SS和TOC含量之间的负相关性均达到了非常显著水平（p〈0.01）,但水环境是以耗氧过程影响为主.秋季,随着养殖珠贝进入养成期,在其摄食和排泄压力大幅度增加的同时,以主要存在形态出现的TN、DN、DON含量亦大幅度上升,但作为浮游植物直接吸收的DIN含量却在明显上升的情况下仍然远低于一类海水水质标准值,只有NH4-N含量与水温呈显著负相关（p〈0.05）,水环境却以增氧状态出现.而非养殖区水体的氮含量无论是春季还是秋季,只是从TN、PN、DN含量的分布上体现了与养殖区的一致性,其余形态氮含量的分布则多与养殖区的相反;各形态氮含量与环境因子之间的相关性则秋季较春季密切,尤其DN、NH4-N与SS含量的负相关性,DIN含量与pH值的正相关性非常显著（p〈0.01）.从春秋季整个海区氮含量的变化情况（春季TN、DN、DON、DIN含量的变化范围分别为10.66~16.96、6.82~12.85、4.43~11.63、0.69~2.81 mol/dm3,平均值分别为13.46、8.86、7.11、1.75 mol/dm3;秋季TN、DN、DON、DIN含量的变化范围分别为14.07~28.01、12.22~23.01、11.01~21.59、1.08~3.11 mol/dm3,平均值分别为20.54、17.00、15.34、1.65 mol/dm3）可见,研究海域无论养殖区还是非养殖区氮循环状况良好,生物链作用在其中起着重要的作用.这对于研究海域生态环境的可持续发展极为有利.     

Assessment of pollution risk ascribed to Santa Margarida Military Camp activities (Portugal)

Santa Margarida Military Camp (S.M.M.C.) is the only one Portuguese military training area, including firing ranges for tactical military manoeuvres of mechanised divisions. For this reason, various negative effects on the environment were expected due to the military activities, as the Military Camp’s area is classified as a high vulnerability area to pollution of its multilayer porous aquifers. The aim of this study was to identify and characterise local/regional geochemical impacts caused by the continuing military training activities performed at S.M.M.C. in the course of 52 years. An overview of the geochemical research issues as a basis for risk assessment is presented. A special attention has been put on the quality of local and regional surface waters, shallow groundwaters and groundwaters. Local soils and sediments as well as fragments of shells and bullets were sampled and analysed. The results so far obtained, indicated that none pollution effects were a consequence of the military training activities. Till now, the geochemical signatures such as, high levels of K, Cl and NO₃ in waters, detected in particular sites, should be faced as tracers of diffuse pollution ascribed to urban waste disposal and cattle breading.     

关于浅海海洋质子磁力仪的改装研究

本文介绍了我们改装的一台浅海海洋质子磁力仪,它不仅能用于深水海区,而且可以用于浅水的近岸浅海区的海洋磁力测量。对于近岸浅水工程,石油开发和地质等提供了有利的手段。     

南沙海域天然气水合物地震特征

南沙海域水深为200∽2500m，其中大于500m的水域约50万km^2，该区大部分区域发育沉积盆地，构造类型多样，具有形成天然气水合物的气源、温度及压力条件。根据地质及地球物理调查资料，分析了南沙海域天然气水合物成藏的地质条件及地球物理标志特征，认为南沙海域具备形成天然气水合物矿藏的条件，南沙海槽和南沙中部海域是天然气水合物形成的有利地区。