塔里木盆地玉北地区奥陶系储层成因研究

玉北地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩经历了加里东期和海西期构造作用的改造,东部断褶带和西部斜坡区断层发育,中部平台区断层不发育,导致勘探目的层鹰山组上部与鹰山组下部和蓬莱坝组储层发育特征的不同。鹰山组上部的储层主要受控于加里东期构造活动所造成的地层抬升暴露剥蚀,形成了以大气淡水溶蚀为主的储集空间类型;而鹰山组下部和蓬莱坝组储层则主要受到埋藏白云石化作用、硅化作用以及伴随着断层的形成而发育的裂缝和热液的改造作用的控制。氧碳同位素和⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr比值的分布特征也进一步证明了两种不同储层类型的主控因素。鹰山组上部洞穴中方解石的氧碳同位素值（δ¹⁸O_VPDB：-12～-4‰VPDB,δ¹³C：-3～1‰VPDB）比海水沉淀的方解石（δ¹⁸O_VPDB：-9.5～-7.5‰VPDB,δ¹³C：-1.5～0.5‰VPDB）在数值上明显偏负,说明洞穴中充填的方解石属于淡水成因。在鹰山组下部和蓬莱坝组白云岩储层中发育的鞍形白云石具有较低的氧同位素值（δ¹⁸O_VPDB：-10.7～-5.9‰VPDB）和高于海水的⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr值（均大于0.7094）,因而被解释为热液成因,进一步说明这些地层中的溶蚀孔洞可能与热液改造有关。     

云南水资源公报水资源量评价系统构建与实践

为满足实施最严格水资源管理的要求,根据水资源评价的理论及水资源公报编制的规范提出了云南水资源公报水资源量评价系统的构建思路,研究了降水、地表水资源量、地下水资源量、水资源总量的分析评价具体方法,并开发了云南水资源公报水资源量评价系统。实际应用验证表明,所提出的水资源评价方法是正确的、可行的,系统较好地支撑了云南水资源公报编制工作。     

临沂市城区岩溶塌陷特征及成因分析

自20世纪80年代以来,临沂市城区一带发生多起岩溶塌陷,这些岩溶塌陷发生具有突发性、重复性,其分布具有一定的规律性;其形成原因一方面取决于该区具备岩溶塌陷形成的物质基础条件,另一方面取决于水动力条件的改变,而水动力条件的改变主要是由于城区地下水不合理开采造成的。     

Physico-chemical,bacteriological and health hazard effect analysis of the water in Taladanda Canal,Paradip area,Odisha, India

The physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters of the water in Taladanda canal and associated water-borne diseases,from which the dwellers have suffered,were studied,by using statistical method. Overuse and the addition of the wastes with sources from urbane industrial sectors,as well as the decrease in water level have caused the canal water quality declined drastically and subsequently led to extensive eutrophication and bacterial contamination. According to the water sample analytical results,the water is lightly acidic with the pH value of 4.5~6.7. The measured indexes,such as total dissolved solid (TDS),electrical conductivity (EC),total suspended solid (TSS),Mn,Zn,Al,Fe,Cu,Cr,and Hg etc,mostly have very high concentrations which are higher than permissible limit,indicating that the canal water is completely unsuitable for human consumption. Furthermore,the biological analysis shows that the total coliform (TC) is in the range of 45.9~30.2 in per 100 mL water in April,30.5~25.3/100 mL in July and 52.9~35.4/100 mL in December,respectively. Similarly,fecal coliform (FC) ranges from 12.8 to 10.1,10.5~7.5 and 13.1~6.4 per 100 mL water in the months of April,July and December respectively. As a result,people who use the water have suffered from different water-borne diseases. On the basis of disease data derived from hospital observations in a period of three years,there had been 4 284 people affected by different water-borne diseases from 2016 to 2018.     

胶东平度北部山区地下水蓄水构造与开采条件分区

平度北部山区位于胶北隆起西南与胶莱盆地的西北部,属鲁东低山丘陵松散岩、碎屑岩、变质岩类为主水文地质大区,胶莱盆地和胶北低山丘陵两个水文地质亚区。开展1∶5万水文地质调查,综合运用物探、水文地质钻探、抽水试验等工作手段,分析了研究区气象水文、地层构造、水文地质条件,划分了松散岩类孔隙水、碎屑岩类孔隙水、碳酸岩类孔隙水和基岩孔隙水4种地下水类型。分别从地形地貌、地层构造、含水层岩性、补径排条件等因素研究地下水富集规律,新发现东柳圈基岩裂隙水富水地段,可作为小型水源地,为城市应急供水。总结了研究区两种蓄水构造,分别为断裂破碎带型和岩性接触带型。通过分析研究区地下水富集规律和不同蓄水构造类型地下水的补径排特征及赋存情况,分析了地下水开采条件,为平度北部山区的找水打井提供技术支持。     

内蒙古察哈尔右翼中旗大清河金矿地质特征及成因探讨

内蒙古察哈尔右翼中旗大清河金矿床类型属于变质-热液型中低温矿床,产出于太古代乌拉山群,矿石类型主要为含金硫化物石英脉和蚀变岩型金矿石。本次工作总结了矿体地质特征及分布规律;结合相关元素测试分析及相邻典型矿床地质特征,综合研究认为区内金元素的物源区主要为太古代乌拉山群,其次为岩浆岩;矿床整体形成于古生代末期至二叠纪中晚期,早期成岩成矿作用形成原始矿床或初始矿源层,晚期受二叠纪中晚期多期次热液流体影响,萃取、活化、迁移金元素形成含金热液流体,并在有利成矿部位充填沉淀,成矿严格受二叠纪花岗闪长岩中NE向及NEE向压扭性构造裂隙控制,矿体具有隐伏再现和雁列式侧伏展布特征。     

祖母绿产地鉴别研究综述

祖母绿是一种名贵彩色宝石,其产地来源对祖母绿价值的评定具有重要影响。祖母绿的产地鉴别因而成为宝石实验室的重要技术,也是宝石学领域的研究热点。祖母绿的包裹体、谱学特征和化学成分是常用且关键的产地鉴别信息,但随着祖母绿产地研究数据的积累,传统的产地鉴别方法备受挑战。文章系统整理和归纳分析了全球各产地祖母绿的宝石学特征、包裹体信息、谱学特征和主微量成分数据,在综述前人研究结果的基础上,系统阐明了目前祖母绿产地鉴别的研究现状,总结了不同产地祖母绿的宝石学特征和包裹体特征,划分了紫外-可见光-近红外(UV-VIS-NIR)光谱类型,揭示了各产地祖母绿的成分指纹信息,并以案例的形式阐明区分祖母绿常见重要产地的方法。全球尺度的对比虽然表明不同产地祖母绿包裹体种类多数雷同、光谱趋同、成分含量范围重叠明显,但也从包裹体出现频率、UV-VIS-NIR光谱样式类型、重水吸收样式和成分投图参数的选择上提供了产地鉴别的新思路。综上所述,文章旨在促进祖母绿鉴别技术的发展,为祖母绿的产地溯源提供科学依据。     

Estimation of the 3D correlation structure of an alluvial aquifer from surface-based multi-frequency ground-penetrating radar reflection data

Knowledge about the stochastic nature of heterogeneity in subsurface hydraulic properties is critical for aquifer characterization and the corresponding prediction of groundwater flow and contaminant transport. Whereas the vertical correlation structure of the heterogeneity is often well constrained by borehole information, the lateral correlation structure is generally unknown because the spacing between boreholes is too large to allow for its meaningful inference. There is, however, evidence to suggest that information on the lateral correlation structure may be extracted from the correlation statistics of the subsurface reflectivity structure imaged by surface-based ground-penetrating radar measurements. To date, case studies involving this approach have been limited to 2D profiles acquired at a single antenna centre frequency in areas with limited complementary information. As a result, the practical reliability of this methodology has been difficult to assess. Here, we extend previous work to 3D and consider reflection ground-penetrating radar data acquired using two antenna centre frequencies at the extensively explored and well-constrained Boise Hydrogeophysical Research Site. We find that the results obtained using the two ground-penetrating radar frequencies are consistent with each other, as well as with information from a number of other studies at the Boise Hydrogeophysical Research Site. In addition, contrary to previous 2D work, our results indicate that the surface-based reflection ground-penetrating radar data are not only sensitive to the aspect ratio of the underlying heterogeneity, but also, albeit to a lesser extent, to the so-called Hurst number, which is a key parameter characterizing the local variability of the fine-scale structure.     

Riparian land use and stream habitat regulate water quality

Riparian land use is a key driver of stream ecosystem processes but its effects on water quality are still a matter of debate when proposing measures to improve freshwater quality. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of riparian land use on stream habitat and water chemistry, and to assess in what extent stream habitat also affects water quality. To that end, we selected eight reaches in the Ave River basin (northwestern Portugal) and compared longitudinal variations in water chemistry and stream habitat between reaches with different land use (urban, agricultural and natural), and between reaches with natural riparian areas and different habitats. Stream habitat was assessed using the Fluvial Functional Index, the HABSCORE, and the Riparian Forest Quality Index. Longitudinal variations in water chemistry were determined measuring differences in concentrations of ammonium, nitrate, phosphate and oxygen, and conductivity, pH and temperature between the downstream and the upstream ends of each reach. Nitrate concentration tended to decrease along reaches with more natural riparian areas and to increase along reaches with more urban and agricultural land uses. Longitudinal variations in water chemistry also differed between reaches with natural riparian areas, suggesting that water quality also depends on stream habitat. Moreover, longitudinal variation in water chemistry was proven a simple, useful and low-cost approach to assess the influence of land cover and stream habitat on water quality. Overall results demonstrated that both riparian land use and stream habitat influence water quality and that riparian forests are essential to reduce nutrient export to downstream ecosystems.     

高精度温度计在水温观测中的仪器稳定性分析

利用宁波地震台水温10年来的单测项、6年来的同层比测资料,对高精度温度计的仪器短期和长期稳定性进行分析对比。研究发现仪器长期存在漂移现象,漂移量的大小与每套仪器的系统特性有关,但随着观测时间的延续,漂移量逐渐减少,认为该现象对地震前兆观测影响不大;短期稳定性存在不明原因的阶跃和脉冲现象,但次数不多,幅度不大,如果不是并行观测,较难判别。因此,在资料分析时要考虑仪器的这些问题。有时仪器短期非常稳定,数天至20天整点值为同一测值。