胶东平度北部山区地下水蓄水构造与开采条件分区

平度北部山区位于胶北隆起西南与胶莱盆地的西北部,属鲁东低山丘陵松散岩、碎屑岩、变质岩类为主水文地质大区,胶莱盆地和胶北低山丘陵两个水文地质亚区。开展1∶5万水文地质调查,综合运用物探、水文地质钻探、抽水试验等工作手段,分析了研究区气象水文、地层构造、水文地质条件,划分了松散岩类孔隙水、碎屑岩类孔隙水、碳酸岩类孔隙水和基岩孔隙水4种地下水类型。分别从地形地貌、地层构造、含水层岩性、补径排条件等因素研究地下水富集规律,新发现东柳圈基岩裂隙水富水地段,可作为小型水源地,为城市应急供水。总结了研究区两种蓄水构造,分别为断裂破碎带型和岩性接触带型。通过分析研究区地下水富集规律和不同蓄水构造类型地下水的补径排特征及赋存情况,分析了地下水开采条件,为平度北部山区的找水打井提供技术支持。     

内蒙古察哈尔右翼中旗大清河金矿地质特征及成因探讨

内蒙古察哈尔右翼中旗大清河金矿床类型属于变质-热液型中低温矿床,产出于太古代乌拉山群,矿石类型主要为含金硫化物石英脉和蚀变岩型金矿石。本次工作总结了矿体地质特征及分布规律;结合相关元素测试分析及相邻典型矿床地质特征,综合研究认为区内金元素的物源区主要为太古代乌拉山群,其次为岩浆岩;矿床整体形成于古生代末期至二叠纪中晚期,早期成岩成矿作用形成原始矿床或初始矿源层,晚期受二叠纪中晚期多期次热液流体影响,萃取、活化、迁移金元素形成含金热液流体,并在有利成矿部位充填沉淀,成矿严格受二叠纪花岗闪长岩中NE向及NEE向压扭性构造裂隙控制,矿体具有隐伏再现和雁列式侧伏展布特征。     

Cryospheric Changes and Their Impacts on Water Resources in the Belt and Road Regions

“Belt and Road” regions include Asia, Europe and eastern and northern Africa, with a wide spatial distribution. The cryosphere is undergoing rapid changes in the Belt and Road regions with global warming, and has an important impact on water resources, ecosystems and Arctic waterways in these regions. This article reviewed recent cryospheric changes and associated impacts on water resources in the Belt and Road regions during the last decades. The main cognitions are as follows: \mathrm{①} Most glaciers are shrinking and glacier mass balances are most negative, but there are regional differences in the changes of glaciers. \mathrm{②} Global temperature rise has resulted in permafrost degradation, including a rise in permafrost temperature and decreasing permafrost thickness as well as an increase in active layer thickness. \mathrm{③} There is a significant decrease in snow cover extent and an increase in snow depth. Snow cover duration has shortened, the onset of snow cover has delayed, and the end of snow cover has advanced. However, there are still obvious regional differences in the changes of snow cover. \mathrm{④} Arctic sea ice has declined precipitously in both extent and thickness in summer, and multi-year sea ice has decreased,indicating the precipitous retreat of sea ice. The freeze-up date of some lakes has been delayed, the break-up date has advanced, and the ice cover duration of river/lake ice has significantly shortened. \mathrm{⑤} Glacial runoff has increased significantly in China. Snowmelt and permafrost degradation have also increased the basin runoff, which indicates the important impact of cryospheric changes on runoff. This study will provide a baseline and important scientific support for addressing climate change and regional sustainable development.     

廊坊市水资源现状及保护措施探讨

水资源会影响社会经济的发展,健康的水环境能够促进经济社会的良性发展。本文从廊坊市地理位置、气候特征、水资源基本状况和水资源保护工作现状等方面分析了廊坊市目前的水资源现状以及现行保护措施。结果认为,推进国家节水行动、建设水资源配置工程、推进水污染的防治、统筹修复水生态环境以及完善水资源保护与利用机制,实现水资源的可持续利用;面对水污染,要从根本上解决水污染,污水回用要合理,真正做到水资源的"开源"与"节流"。     

塔里木盆地玉北地区奥陶系储层成因研究

玉北地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩经历了加里东期和海西期构造作用的改造,东部断褶带和西部斜坡区断层发育,中部平台区断层不发育,导致勘探目的层鹰山组上部与鹰山组下部和蓬莱坝组储层发育特征的不同。鹰山组上部的储层主要受控于加里东期构造活动所造成的地层抬升暴露剥蚀,形成了以大气淡水溶蚀为主的储集空间类型;而鹰山组下部和蓬莱坝组储层则主要受到埋藏白云石化作用、硅化作用以及伴随着断层的形成而发育的裂缝和热液的改造作用的控制。氧碳同位素和⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr比值的分布特征也进一步证明了两种不同储层类型的主控因素。鹰山组上部洞穴中方解石的氧碳同位素值（δ¹⁸O_VPDB：-12～-4‰VPDB,δ¹³C：-3～1‰VPDB）比海水沉淀的方解石（δ¹⁸O_VPDB：-9.5～-7.5‰VPDB,δ¹³C：-1.5～0.5‰VPDB）在数值上明显偏负,说明洞穴中充填的方解石属于淡水成因。在鹰山组下部和蓬莱坝组白云岩储层中发育的鞍形白云石具有较低的氧同位素值（δ¹⁸O_VPDB：-10.7～-5.9‰VPDB）和高于海水的⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr值（均大于0.7094）,因而被解释为热液成因,进一步说明这些地层中的溶蚀孔洞可能与热液改造有关。     

Estimation of the 3D correlation structure of an alluvial aquifer from surface-based multi-frequency ground-penetrating radar reflection data

Knowledge about the stochastic nature of heterogeneity in subsurface hydraulic properties is critical for aquifer characterization and the corresponding prediction of groundwater flow and contaminant transport. Whereas the vertical correlation structure of the heterogeneity is often well constrained by borehole information, the lateral correlation structure is generally unknown because the spacing between boreholes is too large to allow for its meaningful inference. There is, however, evidence to suggest that information on the lateral correlation structure may be extracted from the correlation statistics of the subsurface reflectivity structure imaged by surface-based ground-penetrating radar measurements. To date, case studies involving this approach have been limited to 2D profiles acquired at a single antenna centre frequency in areas with limited complementary information. As a result, the practical reliability of this methodology has been difficult to assess. Here, we extend previous work to 3D and consider reflection ground-penetrating radar data acquired using two antenna centre frequencies at the extensively explored and well-constrained Boise Hydrogeophysical Research Site. We find that the results obtained using the two ground-penetrating radar frequencies are consistent with each other, as well as with information from a number of other studies at the Boise Hydrogeophysical Research Site. In addition, contrary to previous 2D work, our results indicate that the surface-based reflection ground-penetrating radar data are not only sensitive to the aspect ratio of the underlying heterogeneity, but also, albeit to a lesser extent, to the so-called Hurst number, which is a key parameter characterizing the local variability of the fine-scale structure.     

Riparian land use and stream habitat regulate water quality

Riparian land use is a key driver of stream ecosystem processes but its effects on water quality are still a matter of debate when proposing measures to improve freshwater quality. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of riparian land use on stream habitat and water chemistry, and to assess in what extent stream habitat also affects water quality. To that end, we selected eight reaches in the Ave River basin (northwestern Portugal) and compared longitudinal variations in water chemistry and stream habitat between reaches with different land use (urban, agricultural and natural), and between reaches with natural riparian areas and different habitats. Stream habitat was assessed using the Fluvial Functional Index, the HABSCORE, and the Riparian Forest Quality Index. Longitudinal variations in water chemistry were determined measuring differences in concentrations of ammonium, nitrate, phosphate and oxygen, and conductivity, pH and temperature between the downstream and the upstream ends of each reach. Nitrate concentration tended to decrease along reaches with more natural riparian areas and to increase along reaches with more urban and agricultural land uses. Longitudinal variations in water chemistry also differed between reaches with natural riparian areas, suggesting that water quality also depends on stream habitat. Moreover, longitudinal variation in water chemistry was proven a simple, useful and low-cost approach to assess the influence of land cover and stream habitat on water quality. Overall results demonstrated that both riparian land use and stream habitat influence water quality and that riparian forests are essential to reduce nutrient export to downstream ecosystems.     

高精度温度计在水温观测中的仪器稳定性分析

利用宁波地震台水温10年来的单测项、6年来的同层比测资料,对高精度温度计的仪器短期和长期稳定性进行分析对比。研究发现仪器长期存在漂移现象,漂移量的大小与每套仪器的系统特性有关,但随着观测时间的延续,漂移量逐渐减少,认为该现象对地震前兆观测影响不大;短期稳定性存在不明原因的阶跃和脉冲现象,但次数不多,幅度不大,如果不是并行观测,较难判别。因此,在资料分析时要考虑仪器的这些问题。有时仪器短期非常稳定,数天至20天整点值为同一测值。     

Artificial neural network simulation for prediction of suspended sediment concentration in the River Ramganga,Ganges Basin,India

The relation between the water discharge (Q) and suspended sediment concentration (SSC) of the River Ramganga at Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, in the Himalayas, has been modeled using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). The current study validates the practical capability and usefulness of this tool for simulating complex nonlinear, real world, river system processes in the Himalayan scenario. The modeling approach is based on the time series data collected from January to December (2008-2010) for Q and SSC. Three ANNs (T1-T3) with different network configurations have been developed and trained using the Levenberg Marquardt Back Propagation Algorithm in the Matlab routines. Networks were optimized using the enumeration technique, and, finally, the best network is used to predict the SSC values for the year 2011. The values thus obtained through the ANN model are compared with the observed values of SSC. The coefficient of determination (R2), for the optimal network was found to be 0.99. The study not only provides insight into ANN modeling in the Himalayan river scenario, but it also focuses on the importance of understanding a river basin and the factors that affect the SSC, before attempting to model it. Despite the temporal variations in the study area, it is possible to model and successfully predict the SSC values with very simplistic ANN models.     

一株淡水红藻的形态及分子系统发育研究

以采自山西晋祠泉的一株淡水红藻JC1712001为实验材料,对其进行分子系统发育分析和形态特征鉴定,同时利用分子数据对其进行生物地理学研究.结果显示,该株淡水红藻JC1712001与美国、西班牙地区报道的马赫拉熊野藻（Kumanoa mahlacensis Kumano）遗传距离最近,基于rbcL、COI和UPA序列的遗传距离均为0.基于3个序列,利用贝叶斯法、最大似然法和邻接法3种方法构建的系统发育树具有高度一致的系统发育关系,JC1712001均与西班牙及美国地区已报道的马赫拉熊野藻聚为一支,支持率都在97%以上,支持其为马赫拉熊野藻,同时也表明3个基因的高度保守性.形态特征的观察也支持这个结果.马赫拉熊野藻在欧洲、亚洲、北美洲均有分布,RASP软件构建的地理起源图谱显示,欧洲类群地理起源更为古老.马赫拉熊野藻为稀有种,本文的研究结果丰富了我国淡水红藻的分布,为其系统发育和地理起源研究提供了依据.