准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷二叠系芦草沟组储层介—宏孔孔隙结构特征及控制因素

吉木萨尔芦草沟组页岩油资源潜力巨大,为探究其储层介—宏孔孔隙结构特征及控制因素,以研究区芦草沟组钻井岩心为对象,利用X射线衍射、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、孔渗测试、高压压汞、氮气吸附、分形理论、相关性分析等方法,对其储层特征、孔隙结构及控制因素进行了讨论。研究发现：1）研究区芦草沟组储层是一套以长英质碳酸盐岩（A岩）、长英质黏土岩（B岩）、灰/云质细粒长英沉积岩（C岩）、混积岩（D岩）为主的低孔—特低孔、特低渗储层,主要孔隙类型为溶孔,此外还发育有剩余粒间孔、晶间孔、微裂缝;2）研究区芦草沟组储层孔隙分布复杂,孔径分布曲线呈现多峰形,介孔提供了大部分孔容和比表面积;高压压汞计算的宏孔分形维数均值和氮气吸附计算的介孔分形维数均值分别为：2.864 7、2.507 5,介孔孔隙结构复杂程度相对较低;3）有机质丰度有利于A岩、B岩和C岩宏孔孔隙结构的发育,会导致C岩介孔和D岩孔容、比表面积减小;有机质演化程度对A岩介孔、B岩和C岩介孔起到建设作用,对C岩宏孔、D岩介—宏孔有破坏做用;4）脆性矿物含量越高C岩介孔和D岩孔容比表面积越大,而A岩、B岩宏孔、C岩宏孔孔容、比表面积减小;黏土矿物对A岩介孔、C岩介孔及D岩的孔隙系统发育起到建设作用,对B岩宏孔和C岩宏孔有破坏作用。孔隙结构的发育主要受有机质（有机质丰度、有机质演化程度）和矿物组份（脆性矿物含量、黏土矿物含量）的影响,不同岩性、不同尺度的孔隙发育影响因素各有差异。

     

东昆仑东段布青山地区上二叠统格曲组物源分析及其构造意义

对东昆仑东段布青山得力斯坦地区出露的上二叠统格曲组砾岩层进行砾石成分、砾度统计及系统的LA-ICP-MS锆石UPb年龄谱分析。结果表明,格曲组砾岩层砾石成分以石英岩和花岗岩为主,硅质岩和基性岩次之,砂岩和灰岩较少,砾石的分散系数为1.54~2.02,该套砾岩为近源快速堆积的产物。砾岩碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄可分为3组:1早奥陶世—晚志留世年龄组为499~409Ma,峰值年龄为426Ma,对应早古生代末期原特提斯洋向北俯冲碰撞产生的一系列构造岩浆事件;2新元古代年龄组为744~619Ma,峰值年龄为744Ma,对应于全球Rodinia超大陆裂解事件;3古元古代年龄组为2443Ma,对应东昆仑地区古元古代构造岩浆热事件。结合碎屑锆石年龄及沉积学特征综合分析,花岗质砾石来源于北侧东昆仑造山带加里东期岩浆弧,沉积岩砾石则可能来自造山带早期的沉积地层,石英岩及其他变质岩砾石则多来自东昆仑基底变质岩系。综合判别,格曲组为一套沉积于活动大陆边缘环境的滨浅海相磨拉石建造,代表南侧古特提斯洋向北俯冲开始的构造阶段,是初始俯冲的沉积构造响应。     

准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷西斜坡三叠系百口泉组扇三角洲优质储集层预测

针对准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷西斜坡风南地区三叠系百口泉组扇三角洲砂岩物性空间变化大、优质储集层(孔隙度大于7.4%,渗透率大于0.05×10^-3μm²)预测难的问题,在沉积岩石学、地震沉积学以及地震反演和解释理论指导下,综合利用测井、岩心和三维地震等资料开展了高精度层序地层划分、沉积微相描述和优质储集层地震反演研究。建立了风南井区四级层序地层格架,明确了扇三角洲多期水进水退的充填过程,指出SSQ3和SSQ5是优质储集层的发育层系;识别出扇三角洲平原分流河道、河道间和扇三角洲前缘水下分流水道、河口坝、席状砂等沉积微相,指出扇三角洲平原是优质储集层发育相带;通过应用高分辨层序地层纵向边界和沉积相横向边界约束,进行分层相控叠后地震波阻抗反演,提升储集层预测精度,在SSQ3和SSQ5预测5个优质储集层发育区,提出3口井的井位建议,钻探均获工业油流。     

Lower Pleistocene deltaic and marine sediments in boreholes from the central North Sea

Lower Pleistocene sediments recovered in boreholes from the Aberdeen Ground Formation in the central North Sea indicate that the unit was deposited in a delta front to prodelta/shallow, open shelf marine setting. Possible estuarine and clastic nearshore marine deposits have been identified on the western margin of the basin. The delta front sediments consist of interbedded, structureless to laminated sands and muds with organic debris, ferruginous nodules and common soft sediment deformation structures. Sporadic rippled and graded beds, basal scours to beds and starved ripples suggest periodic wave–current reworking. Prodelta/shelf marine sediments are predominantly argillaceous with only occasional thin sand beds and rare phosphatic bands. One exceptionally thick sand body or submarine channel-fill although this remains uncertain. The estuarine/clastic nearshore marine sediments include coarse channel-lag deposits and rippled and laminated subtidal sands. A rich microfossil assemblage recovered from the prodelta/shelf marine sequence indicates that deposition occurred under fluctuating climatic conditions.     

四川盆地西北部中二叠统栖霞组白云岩特征及成因探讨

白云岩特征及其形成机制的研究对白云岩化理论与白云岩储集层勘探具有重要意义。本文以四川盆地西北部中二叠统栖霞组白云岩为研究对象,通过野外剖面及岩心观察并采用铸体薄片、阴极发光、地球化学分析等方法对该段白云岩特征及成因进行研究。结果表明川西北地区栖霞组白云岩主要表现为块状晶粒白云岩、角砾状白云岩及斑状白云岩3种类型;碳同位素为正低值,氧同位素为负值,反映出其成岩过程中伴有早期淡水参与。结合工区构造沉积背景,对比以往经典白云岩化模式,发现四川盆地西北部中二叠统栖霞组白云岩化成因模式具有一定自身特点。通过对Folk “镁笼效应”理论进行延伸,认为栖霞组白云岩化模式在纵向上分为淡水渗流带、混合渗流带、混合潜流带及海水潜流带4个区带,其中混合渗流带和混合潜流带是白云岩发育的主要位置。在混合渗流带中,淡水与海水交替进入,未完全成岩的海洋沉积物质在成岩过程中受到淡水冲洗导致大量镁离子随淡水流入下部地层,而后又有海水携带镁离子进行补给,这为白云石形成提供了有利条件;混合潜流带内不断进入的混合流体携大量镁离子使得该带具有较高Mg/Ca值;而地幔上涌造成的地温升高克服了白云石形成的动力学屏障,有效促进了白云岩的形成。     

银额盆地巴隆乌拉白垩系巴音戈壁组黑色页岩沉积环境及有机质富集模式

银额盆地早白垩世沉积的巴音戈壁组湖相页岩是一套重要的烃源岩。通过对巴隆乌拉剖面黑色页岩进行地球化学分析,研究其主量、微量和稀土元素特征,以及黑色页岩沉积的古环境及有机质富集模式。结果表明,Sr/Ba值为0.14~0.24,平均值为0.18,B/Ga值为3.89~6.51,平均值为5.03,相当B含量为230.88×10-6~375.99×10-6,平均值为294.95×10-6,古盐度为11.97‰~15.83‰,平均值为14.70‰;V/(V+Ni)值为0.67~0.84,平均值为0.74,Ceanom值为-0.113~0.018,平均值为-0.055;古气候指数(C)为0.80~1.34,平均值为1.06,化学蚀变指数(CIA)为75~81,平均值为79;古水深为4.16~88.04 m,平均值为33.40 m;P/Ti值为0.10~0.22,平均值为0.15,过剩钡(BaXS)为-46.5×10-6~144.5×10-6,平均值为38.85×10-6。综合各参数特征,研究区黑色页岩沉积于温暖、湿润、半咸水、缺氧的还原环境,沉积水体较深,具有低的古生产力条件。有机碳含量与沉积环境间相关性的研究表明,巴音戈壁组黑色页岩有机质富集是古盐度、氧化-还原条件、古气候、古生产力等因素共同作用的结果。研究结果可为银额盆地中生界沉积演化和油气资源评价提供理论支撑。     

New Discovery of Oligocene Gastropod Opercula from the Yehucheng Formation in Northwestern China

Fourteen species of nonmarine gastropod opercula are found to be in high abundance in the Oligocene upper member of the Yehucheng Formation,Lanzhou Basin,northwest China.They are attributed to two families,namely Bithyniidae and Assimineidae,and four genera,namely Pseudemmericia,Bithynia,Mirolaminatus and Assiminea.Among them,three species are new,and they are Bithynia paramonolithic sp.nov.,B.obliquus sp.nov.,and B.disregularis sp.nov.Some of these species were first discovered in Paleogene strata of the vast Northwest China and can be compared with the opercula recovered from the Paleogene deposits in East and South China.It is inferred from the paleontology and sediment associations that the climate was slightly humid and the fauna probably inhabited the fresh or brackish water of a shallow lake in the Lanzhou Basin during the late early Oligocene period.     

福建建阳县虞墩剖面二叠纪腕足动物群

通过研究福建省建阳县虞墩剖面所采集的腕足动物化石,共获6属5种,2个未定种,其中Paracrurithyris pygmaea,Tethyochonetes quadrata和Acosarina minuta在虞墩剖面为首次报道。综合化石时代分布和区域对比,将该动物群的时代确定为晚二叠世长兴期,含该动物群的地层为大隆组,而非文笔山组或泉上组。通过对该腕足动物群的古生态分析,并结合该套地层的沉积特征,判断沉积环境为温暖条件下的浅海相。     

贵州剑河寒武系黔东统杷榔组沉积环境 及生物地层再研究 ——以剑河交榜剖面为例

贵州剑河交榜剖面杷榔组顶底完整,三叶虫序列完整,产出掘头虫类三叶虫5属7种。其中Arthricocephalus chauveaui Bergeron,1899,Changaspis elongata Lee in Chien,1961,Arthricocephalites jishouensis(Zhou in Zhou et al.),1977,3个种也出现在北美格陵兰的Henson Glatsche组,提供了三叶虫全球对比的重要信息。其中A.chauveaui在交榜剖面杷榔组底部4 m首现,延伸至近顶部278 m。交榜剖面杷榔组岩石地层、生物地层和年代地层研究信息表明该剖面更适合作杷榔组岩石地层标准剖面,该剖面应是A.chauveaui首现点位定义的都匀阶界线层型剖面。可能是全球寒武系第4阶具有竟争潜力的界线层型剖面。     

A New Lizard (Lepidosauria: Squamata) from the Upper Cretaceous of Henan, China

Funiusaurus luanchuanensis gen. et sp. nov. was described on the basis of an incomplete skull from the Upper Cretaceous Qiupa Formation of the Tantou Basin in Luanehuan County, Henan Province. It is the second representative of lizards known from Luanchuan and adds a new member to the Luanchuan Fauna. F. luanchuanensis is a small-sized lizard and systematically assigned to the Polyglyphanodontidae of the Teiioidea because of the presence of a caniniform tooth and an elongate posterior process of the postorbital. It is distinctive in that the heterodont dentition bears 19 teeth in both the upper and lower jaws, the 3^rd maxillary tooth is large and caniniform, the post-caniniform teeth in maxilla and those posterior to the 3^rd dentary tooth are chisel-like in lateral view, the prefrontal possesses a fossa on its lateral surface, the postorbital with an extremely elongate posterior process and the well-developed retroarticular process has a deep fossa on its dorsal surface. In phylogeny, our analysis suggests a close relationship of Funiusaurus to the large-sized Tianyusaurus from the same basin within the Tuberocephalosaurinae. The discovery of Funiusaurus is significant in confirming the status of the Tuberocephalosaurinae, which includes a group of the Asian members of the Polyglyphanodontidae only.