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71.
Chin-yu LEE Professor Department of Soil Water Conservation National Pingtung University of Science Technology Pingtung Taiwan R.O.C. 《国际泥沙研究》2004,(2)
To recognize the geographical characteristics of the landslide areas will be helpful for the watershedmanagement in the reservoir watershed. According to the quantitative analysis, we'll take differentscores and weighting for the potential parameters of the landslide areas in the Tsengwen reservoirwatershed, and in the meanwhile, we'll extract the different factors, including the slope, aspect,altitude, soil and geological textures etc., and the results shown as maximum one--day rainfall, ratio offorests and average relief is the most affecting parameters on the potential risk map of landslide areas. 相似文献
72.
对再版的《集水区经营》论丛进行较详尽的评介。认为该论丛作者为水土保持研究和水土保持工作者提供了较为完整的、行之有效的集水区经营理念和借鉴模式,具有较高的指导性和可借鉴性。 相似文献
73.
Effect of climatic change on snowmelt runoffs in mountainous regions of inland rivers in Northwestern China 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Snow is one of the most active natural elements of snow cover through its high albedo, variation of the the cryosphere on the earth surface. Its unique proper- snow cover distribution and frozen soils in regional ties, such as areal extent, surface albedo, and snow scales not only affect local climate and environments, depth are important parameters in global energy bal- but also feedback to large-scale, or even global cli- ance models. On global and terrestrial scales, a large matic change th… 相似文献
74.
This paper reviews work related to interbasin groundwater flow (naturally occurring groundwater flow beneath watershed topographic divides) into lowland rainforest watersheds at La Selva Biological Station in Costa Rica. Chemical mixing calculations (based on dissolved chloride) have shown that up to half the water in some streams and up to 84% of the water in some riparian seeps and wells is due to high-solute interbasin groundwater flow (IGF). The contribution is even greater for major ions; IGF accounts for well over 90% of the major ions at these sites. Proportions are highly variable both among watersheds and with elevation within the same watershed (there is greater influence of IGF at lower elevations). The large proportion of IGF found in water in some riparian wetlands suggests that IGF is largely responsible for maintaining these wetlands. δ18O data support the conclusions from the major ion data. Annual water and major ion budgets for two adjacent watersheds, one affected by IGF and the other not, showed that IGF accounted for two-thirds of the water input and 92–99% of the major ion input (depending on the major ion in question) to the former watershed. The large (in some cases, dominating) influence of IGF on watershed surface water quantity and quality has important implications for stream ecology and watershed management in this lowland rainforest. Because of its high phosphorus content, IGF increases a variety of ecological variables (algal growth rates, leaf decay rate, fungal biomass, invertebrate biomass, microbial respiration rates on leaves) in streams at La Selva. The significant rates of IGF at La Selva also suggest the importance of regional (as opposed to small-scale local) water resource planning that links lowland watersheds with regional groundwater. IGF is a relatively unexplored and potentially critical factor in the conservation of lowland rainforest. 相似文献
75.
Geoelectrical and hydrogeochemical studies for delineating seawater intrusion in the outlet of Wadi Ham, UAE 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
M. Sherif A. El Mahmoudi H. Garamoon A. Kacimov S. Akram A. Ebraheem A. Shetty 《Environmental Geology》2006,49(4):536-551
The Quaternary aquifer of Wadi Ham, UAE has been overexploited during the last two decades to meet the increasing water demands.
As a result, the dynamic balance between freshwater and seawater has been disturbed and the quality of the groundwater has
deteriorated. In this paper, a 2D earth resistivity survey was conducted in Wadi Ham in the area between Fujairah and Kalba
to delineate the seawater intrusion. Existing monitoring wells were used to measure the horizontal and vertical variations
in water salinity and thus to improve the interpretation of earth resistivity imaging data. Results of vertical electrical
soundings and chemical analyses of collected water samples were used to obtain an empirical relationship between the inferred
earth resistivity and the amount of total dissolved solids. This relationship was used along with the true resistivity sections
resulting from the inversion of 2D resistivity data to identify three zones of water-bearing formation (fresh, brackish, and
salt-water zones). Along the four 2D resistivity profiles, the depth to the fresh-brackish interface exceeded 50 m at the
western part of the area and was in the order of 10 m or less in the eastern side near the shoreline. Depth to the brackish-saline
water interface reached about 70 m in the western side and was in the order of 20 m in the eastern side. The thickness of
the fresh water zone decreases considerably in the farming areas toward Kalba and thus the degree of seawater intrusion increases. 相似文献
76.
DING Lianzhen 《国际泥沙研究》1997,(1)
I.~onUCTIONChinaisamongthecountrieswhichsufferthemostserioussoilerosionintheworld.Soilconservationstudiesstartedearlyinthe1930's.AlterthefoundingofthePeople'sRepublicofChinain1949,moreeffortshavebeenmadetothesoilconservation.However,becauseofthecrucialnaturalconditionsintheseriouslyerodedregionsandtheimpactsofhumanactivitiesincludingthegrowthofPOpulationdensity,thesituationwasnotmuchimproveduntilthe1980's,whenthecomprehensivewatershedmanagementforsoilandwaterconservationwascarriedoutinlar… 相似文献
77.
Rosalía ROJAS 《国际泥沙研究》2002,17(4)
1 INTRODUCTION Erosion and sedimentation embody the processes of detachment, transport, and deposition of soil particles. Erosion and subsequent deposition can cause major problems. Erosion reduces productivity of cropland, sediment degrades water quality and may carry soil adsorbed polluting chemicals. Deposition in irrigation canals, stream channels and reservoirs reduces structural capacity and requires costly removal. Ideally, an erosion model should describe the physical processes… 相似文献
78.
79.
流域科学研究中的观测和模型系统建设 总被引:6,自引:5,他引:1
流域是地球系统的缩微,是自然界的基本单元。流域科学从基础研究角度可以被看作是地球系统科学研究方法在流域尺度上的具体体现;从流域综合管理的应用角度看,流域科学是在流域尺度上通过对自然资源和人类活动的优化配置而为可持续发展服务的应用科学。流域观测系统和模型系统的建设是发展流域科学的前提。提出了建立遥感—地面观测一体化的、覆盖流域能水和生物化学循环及社会经济活动的流域观测系统的设想,规划了系统各组成部分,以高效、高分辨率、高精度、多尺度、集成和现代化为流域观测系统的基本衡量准则。流域模型系统可概括为“水—土—气—生—人”集成模型的发展,[JP2]应该科学目标和流域管理目标并重,既要发展具有综合模拟能力的流域集成模型,也要建成流域水土资源和社会经济资源可持续利用决策支持系统。流域集成模型应由分布式水文模型、陆面过程模型、地下水模型、渠系模型、动态植被模型和社会经济模型构成。 相似文献
80.