Probabilistic assessment for seismic performance of port structures

Past experience has shown that ports are often susceptible to severe damage during earthquakes. From field damage data of 1995 Kobe earthquake, it is observed that the seismic behavior of port structures shows significant variability. In this study, a 2D numerical model, representing PC1 berth located in Port Island, Kobe and damaged in the 1995 Kobe earthquake, has been developed and used to simulate seismic behavior. It has been found that the uncertainties in the friction angle and the shear modulus of reclaimed soil contribute most to the variability of the residual horizontal displacement (RHD) response of the quay wall of port structures. To investigate the propagation of uncertainties of soil–structure system to the quay wall, a tornado diagram and a first-order second-moment analysis are used. Uncertainty of ground motions has also been investigated. Based on the results, design considerations have been provided.     

XP-2型弦式通用频率计

该仪器是测压振弦式传感器的二次仪表,与振弦式传感器配合使用,已广泛地用于水利、电力、交通等部门建筑物的测量与安全监测,也在围垦工程的海堤施工和安全监测中获得应用。该仪器不仅能用于测量与安全监测,也能对各种型号的振弦式传感器进行调试标定,还能对直读式弦式频率计进行计量校验。     

相图在透闪石和透辉石锦砖配方设计中的应用

文章指出了陶瓷生产中应用相图的要点和设计配方时应注意的问题,并着重从CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2四元系统相图和K2O-Al2O3-SiO2三元系统相图讨论了透闪石和透辉石用于陶瓷锦砖生产中之新体系配方设计的思路。认为纯粹用这两种原料为助熔剂生产锦砖节能效益不十分明显。在传统的锦砖配方中加入适当的透闪石或透辉石可明显地降低产品的烧成温度,但会使坯体的烧成范围变窄。文章强调具有实际意义的配方是具有相当宽烧成范围的低温配方。     

Graphical representation of particle shape using triangular diagrams: an Excel spreadsheet method

Analysis of the shape of sedimentary particles can provide information about their transport history and aid facies differentiation and the characterization of depositional environments. Triangular (Sneed and Folk) diagrams, employing ratios of the three orthogonal particle axes, have been advocated as the most appropriate method for unbiased presentation of primary particle shape data. A spreadsheet method for the production of these diagrams is described. Clast data‐sets from a range of environments are presented using this method. An alternative use of the spreadsheet for the presentation of sedimentary fabric shape is suggested. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于模糊影响图的海洋结构风险分析方法研究

基于模糊影响图(FPID)和失效模式与效果分析(FMEA)建立了一种海洋结构风险分析方法。鉴于风险分析中某些事件发生概率和关系概率两个重要参数确定时需借助专家主观判断,本文将模糊概率的概念引入海洋结构影响图评估方法中。该方法成功地应用到海洋平台人员伤害分析中。虽然这里仅给出了该方法在海洋平台风险评估中的应用,但其具有更广泛应用价值。     

文登区浅层地下水化学演化与海水入侵研究

作者采用水化学演化图(hydrochemical facies evolution diagram,HFE-D)和海水入侵地下水质量指数(GQISWI)对山东威海文登区地下水的化学演化和海水入侵情况进行了分析.Piper图的结果表明文登区从北到南地下水的化学组成分别是Ca-HCO3、Ca-Mg-Cl、Na-Cl.HFE...     

Voronoi图在城镇地价指数监测中的应用探讨

城市地价指数是地价动态监测的重要手段。针对我国城市地价指数测算公式发表了自己的见解,并提出采用Voronoi图计算地价监测点的影响范围,作为监测样点的权重用于计算地价指数的方法,以广东省某市的地价指数测算为例证明了该方法的可行性。     

一阶反转曲线(FORC)图的原理及应用实例

自然样品中的磁性矿物携带着丰富的环境演化信息．然而在一般情况下,自然样品的磁性是其含有的诸多磁性矿物的综合反映．为了分离这些磁信息,近年来发展了一种新的岩石磁学方法：一阶反转曲线（FORC）图．该方法不但可以确定磁性矿物矫顽力的分布以及磁性矿物颗粒之间磁相互作用的强弱,而且还可以帮助区分磁性矿物的种类和磁畴状态．本文首先详细介绍该方法的基本原理和其物理意义,在此基础上,给出了一个应用FORC图确定含铝的钛磁铁矿玄武岩样品中磁性矿物在加热过程发生转变的研究实例．在两个温度下的FORC图密度分布差的结果表明,这种新方法可以灵敏地检测样品中微弱的磁性矿物改变,因此在岩石磁学、环境磁学和古地磁学研究中具有很好的应用前景．     

A COMPARISON AND EVALUATION OF TWO CENTENNIAL-SCALE SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE DATASETS IN THE CHINA SEAS AND THEIR ADJACENT SEA AREAS

Two reconstructed sea surface temperature(SST) datasets(HadISST1 and COBE SST2) with centennial-scale are compared on the SST climate change over the China Seas and their adjacent sea areas. Two independent datasets show consistency in statistically significant trends, with a warming trend of 0.07—0.08 ℃ per decade from 1890 to2013. However, in shorter epochs(such as 1961—2013 and 1981—2013), HadISST1 exhibits stronger warming rates than those of COBE SST2. Both datasets experienced a sudden decrease in the global hiatus period(1998—2013), but the cooling rate of HadISST1 is lower than that of COBE SST2. These differences are possibly caused by the different observations sources which are incorporated to fill with data-sparse regions since 1982. Different data sources may lead to higher values in HadISST1 from 1981 to 2013 than that in COBE SST2. Meanwhile, the different data sources and bias adjustment before the World War II may also cause the large divergence between COBE SST2 and HadISST1,leading to lower SST from 1891 to 1930. These findings illustrate that the long-term linear trends are broadly similar in the centennial-scale in the China Seas using different datasets. However, there are large uncertainties in the estimate of warming or cooling tendency in the shorter epochs, because there are different data sources, different bias adjustment and interpolation method in different datasets.     

ECMWF、日本高分辨率模式降水预报能力的对比分析

利用2012年4月1日至2013年3月31日ECMWF、日本高分辨率模式降水预报资料,全国2419个台站逐6 h降水量观测、CMORPH(NOAA Climate Prediction Center Morphing Method)卫星与全国3万余个自动站逐小时降水融合资料,基于列联表预报评分、泰勒图等统计方法,客观对比分析ECMWF、日本高分辨率模式对中国逐6、12和24 h分段降水的预报能力,主要结论如下:(1)整体来说,ECMWF对降水的预报优于日本模式,日本模式预报离散度偏大,而ECMWF预报相对平稳,与观测更加一致;(2)两个模式晴雨预报中降水发生频率较实际偏高,暴雨预报频率较实际偏低,随着分段间隔的增加,这一情况有所改善;(3)ECMWF模式6 h分段降水晴雨预报评分低于日本模式,暴雨预报评分整体高于日本模式,12和24 h分段ECMWF模式晴雨、暴雨预报评分一致高于日本模式;(4)通过调整阈值改变预报偏差能够在一定程度上提高预报技巧;(5)就空间分布来看,模式在东南地区Bias、CSI技巧评分整体优于西北地区。