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21.
Y. H. CHAI 《地震工程与结构动力学》1996,25(2):149-161
The current approach for seismic retrofit of deficient bridge columns in California involves extensive use of steel jacketing. In this paper, the influence of steel jacketing on the lateral response of circular bridge columns is studied; particularly, the enhancement of the ultimate compressive strain of concrete, the increase in curvature ductility capacity and the increase in lateral stiffness are investigated. The current steel jacket thickness used in California is shown to enhance the ultimate compressive strain of concrete by 4–9 times the spalling strain of unconfined concrete. For larger steel jacket thickness, the ultimate limit state of steel-jacketed columns may be governed by the low-cycle fatigue fracture of the longitudinal reinforcement instead of the ultimate compressive strain of concrete. Steel jacketing is also expected to increase significantly the lateral stiffness of columns if full-height steel jackets are used. The increase in lateral stiffness of flexural columns (3⩽L/D⩽9) is estimated to be 35–60 per cent using current jacket thickness. Inelastic dynamic analyses of steel-jacketed columns using ground motions recorded during the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake indicated that the current steel jacket thickness provides adequate protection against the damage potential of the ground motions with comparable spectral acceleration as that specified in current design spectra, and the damage sustained by the steel-jacketed column is likely to be repairable. 相似文献
22.
The Joint Probability Method (JPM) has been used for hurricane surge frequency analysis for over three decades, and remains the method of choice owing to the limitations of more direct historical methods. However, use of the JPM approach in conjunction with the modern generation of complex high-resolution numerical models (used to describe winds, waves, and surge) has become highly inefficient, owing to the large number of costly storm simulations that are typically required. This paper describes a new approach to the selection of the storm simulation set that permits reduction of the JPM computational effort by about an order of magnitude (compared to a more conventional approach) while maintaining good accuracy. The method uses an integration scheme called Bayesian or Gaussian-process quadrature (together with conventional integration methods) to evaluate the multi-dimensional joint probability integral over the space of storm parameters (pressure, radius, speed, heading, and any others found to be important) as a weighted summation over a relatively small set of optimally selected nodes (synthetic storms). Examples of an application of the method are shown, drawn from the recent post-Katrina study of coastal Mississippi. 相似文献
23.
M. Afşin 《Environmental Geology》2000,39(10):1190-1196
The main aquifer of the Helvadere springs that emerges on the strike-slip of the Hasanda?? fault set alongside the Tuzgölü (salt lake) fault zone, and trends in a NW–SE direction of Aksaray city, in the western part of Central Anatolia, is the exposed rocks of Hasanda?? which are volcanics that have distinct hydrogeological properties. The meteoric origin of the spring waters is deduced from hydrochemical and environmental isotope (18O, 2H, 3H) studies. The springs have high discharge (Q>100?l/s) and low ion concentrations because of fast circulation along the groundwater flow path in the aquifer. Furthermore, because it has Ca-Na-Mg-HCO3 hydrochemical facies, it conforms to high standards of drinking and irrigation water. 相似文献
24.
A general overview of some of the problems involved in earthquake catalogue handling is given as part of the works carried out into the ESC/SC8-TERESA project related with the seismic hazard assessment in two selected test areas: Sannio-Matese in Italy and the northern Rhine region (BGN). Furthermore, the necessary input data to be used in the calculation of seismic hazard has been obtained, including earthquake source zones and their seismic hazard parameters.The importance is pointed out of detailed analysis of seismic catalogues, mainly in relation to the use of aftershock information, the historical records of the region, and the possible temporal and spatial variation of seismicity, which could have an important influence on short-term hazard assessment. 相似文献
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LCT型伟晶岩及其锂矿床成因概述 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
花岗伟晶岩具有与低共熔花岗岩相似的矿物和化学组成,通常与高分异花岗岩具有成因联系。花岗伟晶岩划分为富Li-Cs-Ta (LCT)、富Nb-Y-F (NYF)和混合的LCT+NYF型,其中LCT型伟晶岩以过铝质,富集助熔组分(H2O、F、P、B)、稀有元素(Li、Rb、Cs、Nb、Ta、Be、Sn),极其低的Nb/Ta比值(<5)为特征。通常LCT型伟晶岩显示内部分带,主要包括边界带、壁带、中间带和核部带;此外,可能还发育交代体、层状细晶岩和晶洞。大多数LCT型伟晶岩形成与(同造山)-晚造山的过铝质S型、I型或混合的S+I型花岗岩具有成因联系。对于壳源沉积岩小比例部分熔融直接形成的伟晶岩,通常形成于伸展背景下的晚造山和造山后阶段,侵入于典型的低压角闪岩-高绿片岩相的变沉积岩中。伟晶岩外带(包括边缘带、壁带、细晶岩)中的细粒和细晶岩结构、UST (单向固结结构)是液相线过冷所致,而伟晶岩内带(中间带、核部带)中粗大矿物形成、矿物分带以及稀有金属矿物的饱和结晶是助熔组分(H2O、B、P、F)、稀有金属(Li、Rb、Cs、Be、Nb、Ta)通过... 相似文献
28.
依全省地质灾害现状及发展变化规律,用时间序列预测法对“九五”期间地质灾害趋势进行了预测,并在此基础上提出了防灾对策,为生态环境、经济、社会效益的协调发展和国土整治、国民经济持续、永续、综合发展提供决策依据。 相似文献
29.
21世纪黄河下游防洪减灾对策 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
黄河是受人类活动强烈影响的河流,随着人类活动对流域环境的影响日趋增强,进入黄河下游的水沙条件发生了重大改变,防洪出现了许多新情况、新问题。黄河水资源进一步开发利用,下游牵断流及小水时间逐年延长,黄河将无有效输沙水量,如果来沙不能控制,现行河道的行洪能力和寿命将始终是中国的忧患。小浪底水库2001年投入运用后,对黄河下游又将强烈堆积。21世纪社会经济发展对黄河下游防洪减灾提出了更高要求,根据多年对黄 相似文献
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