Windows95环境下VisualC＋＋5.0对人卫测轨软件的调用

本文介绍了Ｖｉｓｕａｌ Ｃ＋ ＋ ５ ．０ 与Ｆｏｒｔｒａｎ ９０ 的各自特点,并结合人造卫星测轨程序的特点,详细地讨论了在Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ ９５ 环境下Ｖｉｓｕａｌ Ｃ＋ ＋ ５ ．０ 对用Ｆｏｒｔｒａｎ ９０ 编写的人卫测轨程序的调用。     

Investigating societal attitudes towards the marine environment of Ireland

This paper presents the results of a nationwide survey in Ireland that explored the values, concerns and preferences of individuals towards the Irish marine environment. The results of the Irish survey are also compared to the results from similar surveys carried out in other maritime countries in the EU. The results of the Irish survey demonstrate a reasonable level of knowledge of the main threats facing Ireland׳s marine environment and of the importance of non-market as well as market ecosystem services provided by the seas around the Irish coast. The results also suggest that the Irish public are sceptical of the ability of government and private industry to manage the Irish marine economy but instead place a large amount of trust in the competency of scientists. The perception of whether or not they consider where they live as being a coastal area would also suggest that the Irish public hold a much more narrow view of what constitutes a coastal area than that held by statistical agencies such as Eurostat.     

Geospatial Thinking and Spatial Ability: An Empirical Examination of Knowledge and Reasoning in Geographical Science

This study examined the relationships between geospatial thinking and spatial ability, focusing on knowledge and reasoning about fundamental concepts in geospatial science. Scores on a geospatial thinking test had low correlations with each other, compared to high correlations among scores on spatial ability tests, and the degrees of relationship between geospatial thinking and spatial ability depended on the type of geospatial thinking. Expert geospatial scientists did not outperform students on spatial ability tests, suggesting that expertise in geospatial science might not simply be explained by superiority in spatial ability. The results point to the necessity of targeted instruction for geospatial learning.     

Teaching and Assessing Information Literacy in a Geography Program

Abstract

In the technological world of the Twenty-first Century, students must be information literate. They must have the skills to access, evaluate, and utilize information needed in their undergraduate experience and in their future endeavors. It is important for Geography majors to acquire these skills as part of their undergraduate education. At one institution of higher learning, information literacy learning is embedded in the Geography curriculum. An online instrument to assess information literacy skills is used to evaluate seniors. In this article, goals for information literacy, the creation of the information literacy assessment instrument and the results of assessment testing are discussed.     

World Patterns of Geographic Literacy Based on Sketch Map Quality

This paper discusses world patterns of geographic literacy and illiteracy based on the quality of sketch maps of the world drawn by university students in first-year geography classes. The study, sponsored by the International Geographical Union and funded by the National Geographic Society, contains 3,568 sketch maps of the world collected from 75 sites in 52 countries. For the purposes of this paper, geographic literacy is equated with the number of nations and continents included on the sketch maps. The individual map scores are aggregated to determine the average number of items per map for each site and nation. Our set of maps provides a baseline of world variations in geographic literacy just prior to the end of the Cold War. The sketch map techniques can be used to monitor changes in geographic literacy.     

网络地图的配色研究

网络地图的配色是决定网络地图生命力的一个重要因素,同时也极大地影响了用户的视觉感受效果。目前网络地图发展迅猛,但地图配色由于缺少理论指导,仍存在着许多问题,严重影响网络地图的推广和应用。文中首先研究了网络地图配色的作用,接着对当前网络地图配色中存在的突出问题进行归纳,然后提出了基于视觉感受理论和地图美学理论的一般性网络地图配色原则。最后,举例说明上述原则在网络地图配色中的具体应用,并给出了几种较好的配色方案。     

高斯-克吕格投影坐标转换成地理坐标的一种方法

在地质勘探现场工作中经常会遇到地理坐标和投影坐标转换的问题。本文通过对地理坐标和投影坐标原理的简要分析,根据高斯一克吕格投影平面下投影坐标转换成地理坐标的高斯反算公式,分析算法原理、设计算法流程,编制程序,并用MAPGIS软件进行比对分析,发现该程序能较好、有效地满足实际应用需求。     

挠力河流域三维地下水流数值模拟

在分析概化挠力河流域地质及水文地质条件的基础上,建立了研究区地下水流系统的三维数学模拟模型,运用Visual MODFLOW软件进行求解,并对研究区未来7年的地下水流场进行了预报。模型预报过程中用迭代逼近方法预报二类边界,用频谱分析法预报年降水量和地下水开采量,实现了随机模型与确定性模型相耦合。结果表明,研究区地下水多年平均补给量为20.9×10⁸ m³/a。从预报的等水位线图看出,按照预测的开采量进行开采,研究区的地下水位在预报期间略有下降,每年平均下降0.329 m。     

MapX支持下道路网络拓扑结构构建方法

对于一个实用的车载导航系统,最优路径规划是其必备的十分重要的功能,而道路网络拓扑结构的构建又是最优路径规划的基础.对基于MapInfo的道路网络拓扑结构的构建算法进行了初步的研究,设计了表达道路网络拓扑结构的数据结构,并在MapX控件支持下在VC 6.0环境下完成了该算法的实现.     

Geochemical patterns of schists from the Bushmanland Group: An artificial neural networks approach

The Mesoproterozoic Bushmanland Group is situated in the central region of the 1000 to 1200 Ma Namaqualand Metamorphic Complex (NMC). The NMC comprises a belt of highly deformed medium- to high-grade metamorphic rocks to the west of the Archean Kaapvaal Craton of southern Africa. The Bushmanland Group, one of the many supracrustal sequences that make up the NMC, is a metavolcano-sedimentary succession that hosts economically significant concentrations of sillimanite and base-metal sulfide deposits. The present investigation was carried out to study the geochemistry of a large set of representative samples of psammo-pelitic schists from the Bushmanland Group, which includes data from three different schist units: Namies Schist Formation, Shaft Schist Formation and Ore Equivalent Schist. The objective was three-fold: to test the lateral correlatability of these schist units as determined by field relationships, to identify the geochemical signature of the schists and to test the validity of an Artificial Neural Network approach as an exploration tool. Two multidimensional datasets, respectively comprising 10 major and 18 trace elements, were constructed using selected published schist analyses. Both schist datasets were analyzed using self-organizing neural maps for visualizing and clustering high-dimensional geochemical data. Geochemical differences between the various schists were visualized using colored two-dimensional maps that can be visually and quantitatively interpreted. The results of this study confirm the lateral correlatability of the schist units evaluated in this communication. It was also found that each schist unit or portions of them represent a distinct geochemical signature that is related to true lithological variations. The results show that the Artificial Neural Network approach can be used as a powerful tool for regional mineral exploration in poly-deformed and metamorphosed terrains where identification of stratigraphic units through lateral correlation by means of fieldwork and petrography remains highly speculative.