The Society of University Cartographers – Its Growth and International Status

An attempt to capture and reflect the history, evolution, nature and status of the Society of Cartographers (SoC). Although a small organization numerically, the skill, expertise and dedication of its active members, though summer schools, technical journal, newsletters and especially its rich and informative website, are providing access to knowledge and experience both nationally and globally. This influence is also reflected through the direct involvement of leading SoC office-holders in other national and international mapping organisations. The SoC clearly punches above its weight. It has made a difference to the world of mapping, and continues to do so     

土地开发整理与规划网络地理信息发布系统研究

随着基于Internet/Intranet的应用正在全球得到飞速的发展,在信息管理方面,用Internet/Intranet技术和地理信息系统(Geographic Information System,简称GIS)技术相结合即所谓的WebGIS技术,为GIS信息的获取、发布和共享开拓了新的空间。本文通过对基本农田整理与规划的现状进行了分析,讨论了对基本农田整理的数据资料的处理、建库以及利用ArcIMS平台建立基本农田土地整理与规划网络信息发布应用系统理论。     

建设工程竣工规划验收测量面积计算与分摊

建设工程竣工规划验收测量,是建设工程规划验收的必备工作,是通过测绘验收建筑物周边的1∶500数字化竣工地形图、测量规划验收要素、现场核对建设工程竣工图等工作,制作《建设工程规划验收测量记录册》,为建设工程规划验收管理工作提供客观、准确的资料,作为依法管理的技术依据。本文对房屋竣工规划验收测量过程中有关房屋建筑面积计算与房屋面积分摊的细节问题进行了探讨,并提出了实际工作中的解决方法及一些建议。     

Reaching a climate agreement: compensating for energy market effects of climate policy

Because of large economic and environmental asymmetries among world regions and the incentive to free ride, an international climate regime with broad participation is hard to reach. Most of the proposed regimes are based on an allocation of emissions rights that is perceived as fair. Yet, there are also arguments to focus more on the actual welfare implications of different regimes and to focus on a ‘fair’ distribution of resulting costs. In this article, the computable general equilibrium model DART is used to analyse the driving forces of welfare implications in different scenarios in line with the 2?°C target. These include two regimes that are often presumed to be ‘fair’, namely a harmonized international carbon tax and a cap and trade system based on the convergence of per capita emissions rights, and also an ‘equal loss’ scenario where welfare losses relative to a business-as-usual scenario are equal for all major world regions. The main finding is that indirect energy market effects are a major driver of welfare effects and that the ‘equal loss’ scenario would thus require large transfer payments to energy exporters to compensate for welfare losses from lower world energy demand and prices.

Policy relevance

A successful future climate regime requires ‘fair’ burden sharing. Many proposed regimes start from ethical considerations to derive an allocation of emissions reduction requirements or emissions allowances within an international emissions trading scheme. Yet, countries also consider the expected economic costs of a regime that are also driven by other factors besides allowance allocation. Indeed, in simplified lab experiments, successful groups are characterized by sharing costs proportional to wealth. This article shows that the major drivers of welfare effects are reduced demand for fossil energy and reduced fossil fuel prices, which implies that (1) what is often presumed to be a fair allocation of emissions allowances within an international emissions trading scheme leads to a very uneven distribution of economic costs and (2) aiming for equal relative losses for all regions requires large compensation to fossil fuel exporters, as argued, for example, by the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC).     

新疆渔业资源WebGIS平台的设计与实现

针对额尔齐斯河、伊犁河及额敏河三河流域的水生生物和鱼类资源现状、鱼类生物学调查及水生生态环境监测等研究活动中日益增长的需求,该文提出了一套符合现有科学数据规范的信息标准体系与渔业数据规范的设计,将当前Web技术与GIS空间信息技术相结合,采用J2EE轻量级开发框架与OpenLayers JavaScript开源库作为基础,实现了关于新疆跨境河流渔业资源调查信息的"一站式"数据共享平台,为新疆地区主要跨境河流的水生生态及鱼类资源调查提供了稳定可靠的数据存储、管理、统计分析以及共享等服务。系统运行测试结果表明:该渔业资源数据平台保证了渔业资源调查中的数据质量与管理效率,促进了新疆地区的渔业资源利用的可持续发展。     

上海市崇明县地理信息共享平台建设研究

上海市崇明县地理信息共享平台是崇明县地理信息建设发展的基础性平台,也是依托上海市地理信息公共服务平台实现区县级应用的典型案例。地理信息服务是崇明县地理信息共享平台的核心,也是实现信息共享的主要手段。在此基础上,通过运维管理、实时监控和安全防控等关键技术的应用,保障平台稳定运行。     

基于Web服务的空间数据互操作的“分建共享”方式研究

分建共享是空间数据在逻辑上集中式管理、物理上分布式存储,各专业部门各自管理和维护各自的数据,通过Web服务调用的方式实现异构空间数据库的互操作,进而实现物理上分布式存储的数据共享方式。分建共享方式为用户提供一种数据同步更新、数据安全共享、异构数据互操作的技术解决方案。本文主要阐述"分建共享"的空间数据共享机制在数据存储、数据服务、服务调度、网络环境4部分建设过程中采用的关键技术以及实现方式。并通过具体应用项目来论证"分建共享"的空间数据共享机制在空间数据共享、协同办公方面的优势。     

家庭无线网络分享可行性研究——基于无线网络的流量银行wlanbank

在对当前无线网络供求特征分析的基础上,通过研究路由器Openwrt系统的网络架构,对该设计平台下实现无线网络分享的可行性进行探讨。基于Openwrt平台,将无线网络分享及流量平衡的理念引入方案设计中,利用C++语言实现并建立了无线网络流量银行Wlanbank(Wireless Local Area Networks bank),并对该流量银行的功能和实用性进行了分析。该平台能够方便地实现家庭网络的相互分享,包括客户端与服务器的定时通信、流量结算以及路由器的远程管理等功能。该无线网络分享平台参考金融秩序中的货币流通方式,在流量银行Wlanbank系统中实现在用户互相之间的转账流量交易来获得无线网络的使用,遵循"分享才能使用"、"分享的越多才能使用的越多"的理念,在流量流通过程中制造一种类似金融秩序的平衡,在不损害用户利益的基础上,扩大无线网络覆盖率。     

Vessels,risks, and rules: Planning for safe shipping in Bering Strait

Commercial vessel traffic through the Bering Strait is increasing. This region has high biological and cultural significance, to which commercial shipping poses several risks. For this environment, these risks include ship strikes of whales, noise disturbance, chronic pollution, and oil spills. Indigenous Chukchi, Iñupiaq, St. Lawrence Island Yupik, Siberian Yupik, and Yup’ik peoples may be affected by proximity between small hunting boats and large commercial vessels leading to swamping or collisions, through displacement of animals or impacts to food security from contaminants, and through loss of cultural heritage if archeological sites and other important places are disturbed by wakes or an increase in people spending time on shore. Several measures are available to govern shipping through the region, including shipping lanes, Areas to Be Avoided (ATBAs), speed restrictions, communications measures, reporting systems, emissions controls, oil spill prevention and preparedness and salvage, rescue tug capability, voyage and contingency planning, and improved charting. These measures can be implemented in various ways, unilaterally by the U.S. or Russia, bilaterally, or internationally through the International Maritime Organization (IMO). Regulatory measures can be established as voluntary measures or as mandatory measures. No single measure will address all risks, but the framework presented herein may serve as a means of identifying what needs to be done and evaluating whether the goal of safe shipping has been achieved.     

管网GIS数据的管点符号共享研究

管网GIS数据中的管点符号具有比较丰富的图形表达,如果不能解决管点符号在不同GIS平台里的共享问题,在数据转换后,管网GIS数据将丢失原有的管点符号信息,给数据的理解和使用带来极大的困难。由于主流GIS软件都支持对TrueType字符的显示,因此,基于TrueType字符库可以实现GIS系统间点符号信息的直接无损共享,并用MapInfo、CAD和ArcGIS环境下的管点符号共享实例充分验证了该共享方法的有效性。