Inclined loading capacity of suction piles in sand

A series of centrifuge model tests have been conducted on a model suction pile embedded in sand to evaluate its inclined pull-out loading capacity. This paper describes the centrifuge model tests, the analytical solution, and comparisons between the centrifuge model test results and the analytical predictions of the pull-out capacities of the suction pile under inclined loads. The main variables of the study are the load inclination angle and the point of mooring line attachment which varies from the top to the bottom of the suction pile’s side surface. Effects of these two parameters on the suction pile inclined pull-out loading capacity are described.     

Vertical exaggeration of reflection seismic data in geoscience publications 2006-2010

Reflection seismic data is widely-used in industry and academia. It is often interpreted and displayed with considerable vertical exaggeration. Vertical exaggeration is defined as the vertical to horizontal aspect ratio of a reflection seismic cross section in depth. Recent literature is reviewed here to quantify for the first time the extent and typical values of vertical exaggeration in published work. Results are collated from 1437 papers published in 68 journals in the period 2006-2010. This broad scope is intended to provide a global view but it does not claim to be exhaustive. One example from each paper was analysed. Depth conversion was necessary in 74% of cases (every case of time-domain seismic with vertical exaggeration not stated). The main findings are that only 12% of papers use aspect ratios with vertical scale set approximately equal to horizontal scale (vertical exaggeration in the range 0.8-1.2). 75% of papers use reflection seismic with vertical exaggeration greater than 2. Splits of the data in terms of shallow high resolution seismic and deep, crustal imaging seismic were also obtained. The cause of this very widespread vertical exaggeration of reflection seismic cross sections is generally some form of display optimisation, such as emphasis of stratigraphic architectures or displaying long sections that would otherwise not fit on screen, or effects related to seismic sampling, but a specific reason is rarely stated. Angular relationships in stratigraphic and structural architectures are distorted so commonly that true geometries are rarely seen, which becomes an issue if readers are unfamiliar with these geometries. There is a clear opportunity for authors who display and publish reflection seismic data to annotate an estimate of vertical exaggeration alongside other standard annotation on seismic displays.     

1999—2018年锦州地区大雾气候特征及成因分析

应用常规气象观测资料、能见度仪观测资料,分析1999—2018年锦州地区大雾气候特征及成因。结果表明：锦州地区雾日年总频次多年平均为33次,存在12 a、6 a和3 a的变化周期。锦州地区典型大雾过程主要分为弱低压槽型、雨后弱高压型。大雾存在日变化。雾前T-T_d为4—14℃,风速为4 m·s^-1以下,偏南风占50%,偏北风占38%,静风占12%;雾发展阶段T-T_d为0—4℃,平均风速为2.2 m·s^-1,偏南风占58%,偏北风占42%;浓雾阶段T-T_d为0—2℃,平均风速为1.9 m·s^-1,偏南风占58%,偏北风占42%;雾减弱到消散阶段T-T_d逐渐升高,平均风速为3.3 m·s^-1,偏北风占58%。大雾期间,均出现逆温和湿层。     

提取垂直形变信息时富氏系数及其阶数的合理选取

用富里叶分析提取垂直形变信息,是值得进一步研究的课题。本文主要讨论了两个问题:1)采样点间距与可能得到的富氏系数的最高阶数;2)如何获取合理的富氏系数。     

中国黄海西岸海陆风循环结构研究

陆海风是由于海陆表面之间的比热容不同而导致的昼夜热量分布差异,从而在海岸附近引发的大气中尺度循环系统.本文利用多普勒风激光雷达Windcube100s首次对黄海西海岸的海陆风的循环结构进行了观测研究.在2018年8月31日至9月28日观测期间发现,海陆风发展高度一般在700 m至1300 m.海陆风转化持续的时间为6小时至8小时.在425m高度,海风水平风速出现最大值,平均为5.6 m s-1.陆风最大水平风速出现在370m,约为4.5 m s-1.最大风切变指数在1300m处,为2.84;在陆风向海风转换过程中,最大风切变指数在700m处,为1.28.在同一高度上,风切变指数在海风盛行和陆风盛行时的差值范围为0.2-3.6,风切变能反映出海陆风的发展高度.     

A new presentation of the Indian Ocean shallow overturning circulation from a vertical perspective

由于印尼贯穿流干扰了南印度洋经向翻转环流的计算,本文应用垂向翻转流函数来诊断印度洋浅层经向翻转环流.基于海洋环流模拟产品(OFES),本文探讨了垂向流函数相比经向翻转流函数的改进.研究结果表明垂向翻转流函数能平滑连接南北印度洋的翻转环流,包括完整的副热带翻转环流和跨赤道翻转环流.经向翻转流函数低估了印度洋浅层翻转环流;而垂向翻转流函数表示的印度洋浅层翻转环流受印尼贯穿流影响更小,其评估的印度洋浅层翻转环流强度约13 Sv,其中副热带翻转环流强度约8 Sv(1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s-1).此外,垂向翻转流函数在印度洋南开边界(30°S～34°S)上600 m层表现为顺时针翻转结构,其强度约-5 Sv,可能对应风驱的副热带流系.因此,垂向翻转流函数提供了一种新方法来评估印度洋浅层翻转环流.     

地磁逐日比异常电磁学成因的进一步分析

基于地磁逐日比异常期间地磁垂直分量日变化幅度变大或变小的统计结果,发现地磁逐日比高值异常是由异常日的地磁垂直分量日变化幅度变小和异常前一天的日变化幅度变大所致。其中,异常日的日变化幅度变小可能是地磁逐日比异常的主要因素,但异常前一天的日变化幅度变大也是异常成立的重要因素。此外,引用前人感应电流假说,结合统计结果进行了机理解释,研究结论进一步证实了前人对该方法的机理推测。     

Horizontal and vertical fluxes of particulate matter during wind erosion on arable land in the province La Pampa,Argentina

A detailed analysis of horizontal and vertical particulate matter (PM) fluxes during wind erosion has been done, based on measurements of PM smaller than 10, 2.5, and 1.0 μm, at windward and leeward positions on a measuring field. The three fractions of PM measurement are differently influenced by the increasing wind and shear velocities of the wind. The measured concentrations of the coarser fractions of the fine dust, PM₁₀, and PM_2.5, increase with wind and shear velocity, whereas the PM_1.0 concentrations show no clear correlation to the shear velocity. The share of PM_2.5 on PM₁₀ depends on the measurement height and wind speed and varies between 4 and 12 m/s at the 1 m height ranging from 25% to 7% (average 10%), and at the 4 m height from 39% to 23% (average 30%). Although general relationships between wind speed, PM concentration, and horizontal and vertical fluxes could be found, the contribution of the measuring field was very low, as balances of incoming and outgoing fluxes show. Consequently, the measured PM concentrations are determined from a variety of sources, such as traffic on unpaved roads, cattle drives, tillage operations, and wind erosion, and thus, represent all components of land use and landscape structure in the near and far surroundings of the measuring field. The current results may reflect factors from the landscape scale rather than the influence of field-related variables. The measuring devices used to monitor PM concentrations showed differences of up to 20%, which led to considerable deviations when determining total balances. Differences up to 67% between the calculated fluxes prove the necessity of a previous calibration of the devices used.     

2018年一次非典型梅雨锋暴雨过程诊断分析

利用常规地面气象观测资料、NCEP/NCAR FNL 1°×1°网格点逐6 h再分析资料,对2018年6月20日浙江省一次暴雨过程的主要环流系统、等熵位涡、垂直螺旋度等进行了天气动力学诊断分析。结果表明：850 hPa低涡切变、对流层中层冷空气、200 hPa南亚高压、副热带高压是此次暴雨过程发生的主要影响系统;700 hPa上的正垂直螺旋度中心对暴雨的发生有良好的指示意义;等熵位涡的演变和形态对冷空气活动有较好的视踪作用,等熵位涡中心两侧气流辐合,有利于低压系统发展,高层等熵位涡与冷空气活动有较好的对应关系,等熵位涡大值区偏南侧的移动与强降水落区有较好的对应关系。     

Paleoceanographic changes of surface and deep water based on oxygen and carbon isotope records during the last 130 kyr identified in MD179 cores,off Joetsu,Japan Sea

We reconstructed the paleoenvironmental history of surface and deep water over the last 130 kyr from oxygen and carbon isotope ratios of planktonic and benthic foraminifera in two cores (MD179-3312 and MD179-3304) from the Joetsu Basin, eastern margin of the Japan Sea. Our data showed that paleoceanographic changes such as influx of surface currents and vertical circulation were associated with global glacial–interglacial sea level change. Surface water conditions were influenced by the influx of Tsushima Current, East China Sea coastal or off-shore waters through the Tsushima Strait during interglacial or interstadial stages, and strongly affected by freshwater input during the glacial maximum. During interglacial maximums such as Marine Isotope Stages 1 and 5e, development of well-oxygenated bottom water was indicated. A density-stratified ocean with weak ventilation was inferred from the isotopic records of benthic foraminifera during the Last Glacial Maximum. Local negative excursions in carbon isotopes during deglacial or interglacial periods may suggest the dissolution of gas hydrates or methane seep activities.