Application of statistical methods to study seasonal variation in the mine contaminants in soil and groundwater of Goa, India

 Soil and groundwater samples were collected during two seasons, premonsoon (April 1990) and postmonsoon (December 1990), and analyzed for major elements (Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, K, Ca, Ti, Mn and Fe), trace elements (Ni, Pb, Co, Cr and Zn) and water parameters (pH, conductivity, acidity, alkalinity, hardness, Cl and SO₄). All the data were subjected to linear discriminant analysis and partial correlation analysis in order to understand the seasonal variation in the data. It was observed from the Mahalanobis generalized distance that in both soil and groundwater samples there was a large difference in the concentration level of premonsoon and postmonsoon data. Linear discriminant functions were calculated to distinguish between premonsoon and postmonsoon samples. From the partial correlation coefficient analysis of soil samples, dominance of chemical weathering and precipitation of atmospheric fallout during monsoon were inferred. In the case of the water samples, high conductivity and high hardness in the postmonsoon samples as well as atmospheric fallout of Pb and Ni during the premonsoon period was suggested from partial correlation of water samples. Received: 19 September 1995 · Accepted: 12 December 1995     

Modification of subsidence parameters for sloping ground surfaces by the rays projection method

Summary This paper deals with the determination of subsidence parameters on a sloping ground surface above a completely mined underground panel in an inclined seam. A rays projection method is analytically developed to derive the subsidence components on the sloping ground surface from the corresponding ones on an assumed equivalent horizontal surface through the point of the mean elevation of the sloping surface above the extracted panel. Using the derived equations, the variation of subsidence with the inclination of the ground surface is analysed. An example is given to illustrate the application of the rays projection method in predicting subsidence effects on a sloping surface.     

复杂结构煤层储量经济可采性分析：以五家煤矿为例

基于五家煤矿多年的生产经验及大量实际资料,作者提出了一种分析经济可采储量的思路和计算方法,指出复杂结构煤层储量的工业价值并不取决于煤层储量的大小。并用这个思路和方法对该矿现存储量进行经济可采性分析,缓和了生产与储量管理间的矛盾,为矿区建设及发展提供了较科学的依据,并在实践中取得了预期效果。     

GPCAD在矿山地质环境治理工程土石方计算中的应用

规划总图设计软件GPCAD是基于AUTOCAD软件开发的,用于城市总体规划、控制性详细规划,主要功能有地形处理、地形分析、土石方量计算等。GPCAD软件采用方格网法进行土石方量计算,本文介绍了规划总图设计软件GPCAD计算土石方的基本原理,介绍了方格网划分、零点位置计算和工程量计算公式。矿山地质环境问题主要包括地形地貌破坏、土地资源占压和生态破坏等,矿山开采过程中形成的大量废弃土石方是造成上述问题的根源。因此,矿山地质环境治理工程项目设计、施工通常涉及到大面积的地形整治工程和大规模土石方量的计算,本文结合矿山地质环境治理工程设计实例,通过计算范围确定、方格网布设、自然标高采集、设计标高设定,介绍了各步骤的操作方法,运用GPCAD进行大规模土石方量计算,计算得出区块土石方挖、填方量和净方量。     

The First World War from above and below. Historical aerial photographs and mine craters in the Ypres Salient

During the First World War, ancient siege techniques were used in an attempt to break through the stalemate in the trenches. This paper approaches the mine crater war from a completely new perspective and focuses on a landscape-scale approach rather than on fragmented individual sites. Thousands of contemporary aerial photographs have been used as a primary source of information to detect and understand the historical mine crater landscape along the former Western Front in Belgium. The paper presents a methodology for dating war features by means of a time series analysis of aerial photographs, confronting this historical landscape with a high-resolution Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) dataset.     

河南省桐柏县银洞坡金矿(西段)构造控矿因素初析

通过对银洞坡的主要控矿因素进行野外调查和分析研究,认为朱庄背斜(形)及其伴生的共轭逆冲剪切带、层间(顺层)剪切带、左行或右行脆性断裂控制了矿床的产出部位,建立了构造控矿模型,对矿体进行了重新对比连接,扩大了矿体规模,使银洞坡金矿金金属量(C D)由30582 kg增加至42527 kg(111b 122b 333).     

3维地学模拟与虚拟矿山系统

3维地学模拟（3D Geoscience Modelling，简称3DGM）与虚拟矿山系统（Virtual Mine System，简称VMS）是数字矿山（Digital Mine，简称DM）战略实施的关键技术，其中3DGM是VMS及所有真3维地学虚拟现实系统的基础。基于国内外VMS研究与应用分析，指出目前2．5维VMS的缺陷和不足；同时，对当前国际学术界3DGM理论与方法进行了评析。进而，从3DGM与VMS耦合的角度出发，提出了一种新的3DGM方法：类三棱柱（Analogic Tri-Prism，简称ATP）法。ATP模型由点、TIN边、TIN面、棱边、侧面TIN和ATP体共6组基本元素组成。本文设计了ATP的数据结构，并给出了基于实验钻孔的3DGM可视化图。     

峰峰矿区矿井突水分类及发生机理研究

在对峰峰矿区大量突水实例深入分析的基础上,根据隔水岩体初始特性即有无断层构造及其规模大小,将矿井突水分为完整隔水岩体突水、小断层破碎带突水及大断层突水三种类型。应用岩体变形与破裂机制和岩体水力学原理,对上述三种类型突水的发生机理进行研究,并讨论预防方法。     

笏山矿难应急救援钻孔施工技术

2021年笏山矿难钻孔救援是我国钻孔救援成功的典型案例。由于地层坚硬且裂隙发育,导致钻孔易偏斜且易发生卡钻事故,针对这一特殊情况采用潜孔锤空气泡沫钻进及螺杆马达纠偏等钻进工艺,成功完成了小口径生命保障孔钻探救援任务,同时本文也对生命保障孔、排水孔和大口径救生孔钻探救援技术进行了总结,对今后开展钻孔救援工作提出有待改进的问题和建议。     

Management of karst water resources in mining area: dewatering in mines and demand for water supply in the Dongshan Mine of Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, North China

Coalfields in North China contain six to seven coal seams in the Permo-Carboniferous strata. The coal seams are underlain by the Ordovician limestone. Large-scale dewatering or depressurizing of the karst aquifer was considered essential to avoid water inrushes and keep the mines safely operational. This practice, however, has caused water supply shortage in the mining areas. The most effective solution to this conflict is to use the uncontaminated karst water from the mines for water supply. This paper explores a management model to maximize the utilization of the karst water while maintaining the safe operation of the mines. The model can provide essential information on water resource distribution for decision makers. The model was applied to the Dongshan Coal Mine in Taiyuan City, China.