甚低频电磁法在柴胡栏子金矿间接找矿中的应用

老矿山资源危机迫切需要经济有效的找矿手段,在矿区外围寻找新矿段,增加开采储量.甚低频电磁法(VLF-EM)是可以选择的对象.在具备甚低频电磁法应用的地质、地球物理前提下,通过对所测数据进行技术处理,并且结合矿区地质研究控矿规律及矿体赋存规律,从而有效地圈定掩盖区异常地质体及其产状和展布方向,预测矿体空间赋存部位,为深部找矿提供依据.     

不同地球化学景观区的化探方法及实例

总结了最近20多年来化探在找矿过程中起到的重要作用,重点介绍了不同地球化学景观条件下最佳化探找矿方法及实例,为以后的找矿工作提供切实可行的方法,从而达到快速、经济、效果显著的目的.     

辽东地区硼矿体赋存特征及成矿预测

辽东地区硼矿床受控于华北地台东北部大石桥-凤城-宽甸古隆起构造带.元古宇辽河群下部里尔峪组含硼岩系呈W-E、NE向、长约350 km、宽60 km的长条带状展布.硼矿体发育于里尔峪组蛇纹石化镁橄岩或蛇纹石化富镁大理岩中,具有明显的层控和岩控特征.虎皮峪-红石砬子-清河近东西向线状紧密的复式背、向斜间多期次次级的背、向斜发育,表现出明显的塑性变形.硼矿体在走向和倾向上具尖灭膨缩现象.围岩蚀变强烈.大量的电气石化使围岩中硼元素的含量偏高;蛇纹石化镁橄岩或蛇纹石化富镁大理岩的Ca/Mg比值波动极大,表明其与成矿关系十分密切;含硼岩系的厚度与矿体的关系呈正相关性,当厚度超过35 m时就有可能成矿,且厚度越大,矿体的规模和矿石质量越好.在部分地区,赋矿的褶皱构造完全倒转,有里尔峪组的层序倒转,混合岩段反转至上部,且混合岩化明显增强,形成混合岩化花岗岩,而其下部250~600 m是含硼岩系,发育优质隐伏硼矿.据辽东地区硼矿体的这些特征,推测了4个成矿远景区.     

四川省白玉县呷村-有热矿区成矿流体地球化学

四川省白玉县呷村银多金属矿床是我国著名的VMS型矿床之一,该矿床由西矿带热液流体补给通道相的脉状-网脉状矿化系统和东矿带的海底盆(洼)地卤水池喷气-化学沉积系统组成。有热矿床紧邻呷村矿床的南部,实质上是呷村矿带(体)的自然南延部分,具有相同的地质背景和成矿环境。本文分别对呷村西矿带、东矿带以及有热矿床进行了主成矿期石英的流体包裹体测试和氢、氧同位素分析以及硫化物的硫同位素分析。显微测温结果显示,呷村矿床从西矿带到东矿带,即由深部向浅部表现为成矿温度下降(258.0～209.8℃),流体的盐度略变小(4.42%～4.18%NaCleqv),而流体的密度增大(0.816～0.894g/cm3),并且有热矿床成矿流体特征(平均成矿温度为244.3℃;平均盐度为4.71%NaCleqv;平均密度为0.841g/cm3)与呷村西矿带流体特征更类似。显微激光拉曼光谱分析显示流体包裹体的液相成分主要为H2O,气相成分为H2O、CO2、N2以及CH4。氢、氧同位素研究显示,成矿流体为海水和岩浆水的混合流体。硫同位素分析结果表明,呷村西矿带(δ34S平均值为-3.65‰)与呷村东矿带的硫(δ34S平均值为-0.68‰)和有热矿床(δ34S平均值为-3.74‰)的硫都由深部岩浆提供,并且有热矿床与呷村西矿带的硫同位素特征更类似。成矿流体物理化学特征和同位素示踪结果表明,有热矿床目前已知矿体可与呷村西矿带对比,暗示可能存在尚未发现的类似呷村东矿带的富矿体。呷村-有热矿区的成矿机制为:在海水对流的成矿模式下,由岩浆水和海水混合而成的成矿流体,携带来自岩浆来源的成矿物质,自下而上向上运移和循环,在热液补给通道和海底发生淀积作用,形成脉状-网脉状矿体和块状矿体。     

Gold ore-forming fluids of the Tanami region, Northern Australia

Fluid inclusion studies have been carried out on major gold deposits and prospects in the Tanami region to determine the compositions of the associated fluids and the processes responsible for gold mineralization. Pre-ore, milky quartz veins contain only two-phase aqueous inclusions with salinities ≤19 wt% NaCl eq. and homogenization temperatures that range from 110 to 410°C. In contrast, the ore-bearing veins typically contain low to moderate salinity (<14 wt% NaCl eq.), H₂O + CO₂ ± CH₄ ± N₂-bearing fluids. The CO₂-bearing inclusions coexist with two-phase aqueous inclusions that exhibit a wider range of salinities (≤21 wt% NaCl eq.). Post-ore quartz and carbonate veins contain mainly two-phase aqueous inclusions, with a last generation of aqueous inclusions being very CaCl₂-rich. Salinities range from 7 to 33 wt% NaCl eq. and homogenization temperatures vary from 62 to 312°C. Gold deposits in the Tanami region are hosted by carbonaceous or iron-rich sedimentary rocks and/or mafic rocks. They formed over a range of depths at temperatures from 200 to 430°C. The Groundrush deposit formed at the greatest temperatures and depths (260–430°C and ≤11 km), whereas deposits in the Tanami goldfield formed at the lowest temperatures (≥200°C) and at the shallowest depths (1.5–5.6 km). There is also evidence in the Tanami goldfield for late-stage isothermal mixing with higher salinity (≤21 wt% NaCl eq.) fluids at temperatures between 100 and 200°C. Other deposits (e.g., The Granites, Callie, and Coyote) formed at intermediate depths and at temperatures ranging from 240 to 360°C. All ore fluids contained CO₂ ± N₂ ± CH₄, with the more deeply formed deposits being enriched in CH₄ and higher level deposits being enriched in CO₂. Fluids from deposits hosted mainly by sedimentary rocks generally contained appreciable quantities of N₂. The one exception is the Tanami goldfield, where the quartz veins were dominated by aqueous inclusions with rare CO₂-bearing inclusions. Calculated δ ¹⁸O values for the ore fluids range from 3.8 to 8.5‰ and the corresponding δD values range from −89 to −37‰. Measured δ ¹³C values from CO₂ extracted from fluid inclusions ranged from −5.1 to −8.4‰. These data indicate a magmatic or mixed magmatic/metamorphic source for the ore fluids in the Tanami region. Interpretation of the fluid inclusion, alteration, and structural data suggests that mineralization may have occurred via a number of processes. Gold occurs in veins associated with brittle fracturing and other dilational structures, but in the larger deposits, there is also an association with iron-rich rocks or carbonaceous sediments, suggesting that both structural and chemical controls are important. The major mineralization process appears to be boiling/effervescence of a gas-rich fluid, which leads to partitioning of H₂S into the vapor phase resulting in gold precipitation. However, some deposits also show evidence of desulfidation by fluid–rock interaction and/or reduction of the ore-fluid by fluid mixing. These latter processes are generally more prevalent in the higher crustal-level deposits.     

基于面向对象分类的稀土开采区遥感信息提取方法研究

离子吸附型稀土矿是我国宝贵的矿产资源,运用遥感影像分类技术提取稀土开采区可以准确地实现对稀土开采状况的监测,但仅利用光谱信息往往难以保证分类精度。本文以江西寻乌稀土矿区为研究区,以IKONOS影像为数据源,应用面向对象分类方法提取了稀土开采区的遥感信息。针对稀土开采区的分布特点,选择基于边缘的分割算法进行影像分割;结合地形信息、光谱信息及几何信息建立规则集,进行特征提取;最后采用隶属度函数法实现面向对象分类,并与传统的光谱角填图分类进行对比分析。研究结果表明,面向对象分类法提取稀土开采区的总体精度为92.49%,Kappa系数为0.857 6,与传统监督分类方法相比有了很大的提高。     

粤西金矿床成矿地球化学研究

粤西金矿床分为构造蚀变岩型、石英脉型和变质岩型.赋金地层主要为云开群上亚群和寒武系八村群,它们具有较高的含金丰度,可作为本区金的矿源层.在区域变质或混合岩化作用下,矿源层中的金可能发生活化、转移并在局部富集.海西-印支期花岗岩有继承变质岩、混合岩的特征,分异演化程度不高,这对金成矿有利.     

河南省许昌县灵井铁矿床地质特征及深部找矿前景分析

河南许昌县灵井铁矿床是近几年来在许昌铁成矿区发现的又一个大型铁矿床,属火山一沉积变质型。矿体赋存于登封群武庄岩组二段,矿体主要呈似层状,受太古界登封群武庄岩组控制,矿体与围岩产状一致,受矿区古断隆构造控制,其形态呈北西向带状展布。笔者在研究前人成果的基础上,通过对该区高磁异常特征和矿床地质特征的综合分析,认为该区深部找矿前景较好,矿体沿倾向向深部仍有较大的延伸空间,经进一步深部勘查,可以大幅度提高矿床资源储量。     

新疆北部主要金矿床的成矿地球化学特征

主要依据成矿作用方式,基本成矿特点及关键控矿标志等,将新疆北部的主要原生金矿新划分为７个矿床类型,分别是浅成低温热液型金矿、韧性剪切带蚀变岩型金矿、微细粒浸染型金矿、浅成岩－构造蚀变岩型金矿、变质热液型金矿、石英脉型金矿及铜、金伴生型矿床。通过分析比较各矿床类型典型金矿的ＲＥＥ分布型式、其矿石的微量元素含量与分布型式、硫与铅同位素组成及流体包裹体成分等资料,探讨了其成矿地球化学特征。     

综合物化探方法在朱拉扎嘎金矿的应用

朱拉扎嘎金矿 ,经综合物化探普查 ,在大面积覆盖区发现 0 .5km2 高视极化率、中低视电阻率激电异常和低缓磁异常。已施工的 8个钻孔均见矿 ,估算黄金储量大于 30t。沿走向 ,激电异常在北东、南西两端有大幅度向外延伸趋势 ,可能是深部硫化物矿层向外延伸的反映。