从花岗岩的Sm—Nd同位素探讨华南中下地壳的组成,性质和演化

现有２４０个花岗岩体的Ｎｄ同位素资料表明,华南内陆花岗岩可能主要由地壳部分熔融成成。从壳源花岗岩提取源岩成分信息的方法是把这种花岗岩的同位素成分同出露的元古代弱变质地壳的相应资料作比较。野外关系说明,华南内陆花岗岩侵入毗邻的围岩,因此其形成深度应该出现在出露的深度大。。因为这些花岗岩的定位深度一般在5～15km之间,这些壳源花岗岩可能代表一种中地壳探度的熔融．它们的同位索成分应能提供在这一探度上地壳成分的信息。根据华南壳源花岗岩同出露的元古代弱变质地壳岩石的Sm—Nd同位素对比,华南内陆大部分地区在中地壳探度上存在中性至长英质成分的地壳,并且从早古生代到中生代不曾发生过明显变化。但是花岗岩浆的分异作用所导致的Sm、Nd分馏可能是亲石元素矿化的一个重要控制因素。     

The petrogenesis and implications of deformed late Caledonian–early Hercynian granites in the Wuyi area,South China

Precambrian basement rocks have been affected by Caledonian thermal metamorphism. Caledonian‐aged zircon grains from Precambrian basement rocks may have resulted from thermal metamorphism. However, Hercynian ages are rarely recorded. Zircon U–Pb Sensitive High Resolution Ion Microprobe (SHRIMP) dating reveals that zircon ages from the Huyan, Lingdou, and Pengkou granitic plutons can be divided into two groups: one group with ages of 398.9 ±5.3 Ma, 399 ±5 Ma, and 410.2 ±5.4 Ma; and a second group with ages of 354 ±11 Ma, 364.6 ±6.7 Ma, and 368 ±14 Ma. The group of zircon U–Pb ages dated at 410–400 Ma represent Caledonian magmatism, whereas the 368–354 Ma ages represent the age of deformation, which produced gneissosity. The three plutons share geochemical characteristics with S‐type granites and belong to the high‐K calc‐alkaline series of peraluminous rocks. They have (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i ratios of 0.710 45–0.724 68 and εNd(t) values of ?7.33 to ?10.74, with two‐stage Nd model ages (T_DM2) ranging from 1.84 Ga to 2.10 Ga. Magmatic zircon εHf(t) values range from ?3.79 to ?8.44, and have T_DMC ages of 1.65–1.93 Ga. The data suggest that these granites formed by partial melting of Paleoproterozoic to Mesoproterozoic continental crust. A collision occurred between the Wuyi and Minyue microcontinents within the Cathaysia Block and formed S‐type granite in the southwest Fujian province. The ca 360 Ma zircon U–Pb ages can represent a newly recognized period of deformation which coincided with the formation of the unified Cathaysia Block.     

西藏班戈地区后碰撞花岗岩岩石成因及其对班公湖--怒江缝合带演化的约束

本文对班戈雪如岩体似斑状二长花岗岩进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年、微量元素和全岩地球化学研究,探讨了其形成年代、成岩条件和构造背景。结果表明雪如岩体侵位于晚白垩世晚期(76±1 Ma),锆石饱和温度计和锆石Ti温度计计算其成岩温度分别为760~810℃和738~814℃,较低的锆石相对氧逸度反映成岩环境为还原环境。全岩地球化学分析结果显示其具有高硅、富碱和准铝质--弱过铝质特征,大离子亲石元素和LREE富集,高场强元素和HREE相对亏损。雪如岩体是中地壳部分熔融的产物,源区残留相为斜长角闪岩相,岩浆结晶过程中发生角闪石和斜长石的分离作用。地球化学投图结合区域构造演化显示其形成于后碰撞伸展环境,表明班公湖-怒江缝合带中段地区在晚白垩世晚期已经进入后碰撞伸展阶段。     

福建将乐新路口花岗岩体地球化学特征、锆石U-Pb年龄及成矿意义

通过研究福建省将乐新路口花岗岩体岩石学、地球化学和同位素年代学特征,探讨了该岩体的形成时代、岩浆成因及与钨锡矿的成矿关系。新路口花岗岩体高硅,属于准铝质-过铝质花岗岩;富碱质,贫铁镁,Ba、Sr、P、Ti和Nb强烈亏损,球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分模型为Eu强烈亏损的“海鸥型”,属于高分异S型花岗岩。Nd同位素研究表明,该花岗岩体主要源自地壳。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄结果表明,该岩体形成时代为147~145Ma,属晚侏罗世,钨锡矿的成矿时代也为晚侏罗世,是伸展构造环境下构造-岩浆活动的产物。经历新元古代和志留纪岩浆作用后形成富含钨锡的残留体,晚侏罗世岩浆热液活动对残留体再次熔融,形成富含硅、碱质及F的岩浆-热液,钨锡从残余矿物中迁移,聚集于岩浆房中,经过结晶分异,形成富含矿质的高分异岩浆,沿构造有利部位向浅部运移、结晶,形成钨锡矿体。     

Lead isotope evolution of the Central European upper mantle:Constraints from the Bohemian Massif

The Pb isotope composition of the upper mantle beneath Central Europe is heterogeneous due to the subduction of regionally contrasting material during the Variscan and Alpine orogenies.Late Variscan to Cenozoic mantlederived melts allow mapping this heterogeneity on a regional scale for the last ca.340 Myr.Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic anorogenic magmatic rocks of the Bohemian Massif(lamprophyres,volcanic rocks of basanite/tephrite and trachyte/phonolite series) concentrate mostly in the Eger Rift.Cretaceous ultramafic lamprophyres yielded the most radiogenic Pb isotope signatures reflecting a maximum contribution from metasomatised lithospheric mantle,whereas Tertiary alkaline lamprophyres originated from mantle with less radiogenic ~(206)Pb/~(204)b ratios suggesting a more substantial modification of lithospheric source by interaction with asthenosphericderived melts.Cenozoic volcanic rocks of the basanite/tephrite and trachyte/phonolite series define a linear mixing trend between these components,indicating dilution of the initial lithospheric mantle signature by upwelling asthenosphere during rifting.The Pb isotope composition of Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic magmatic rocks of the Bohemian Massif follows the same Pb growth curve as Variscan orogenic lamprophyres and lamproites that formed during the collision between Laurussia,Gondwana,and associated terranes.This implies that the crustal Pb signature in the post-Variscan mantle is repeatedly sampled by younger anorogenic melts.Most Cenozoic mantle-derived rocks of Central Europe show similar Pb isotope ranges as the Bohemian Massif.     

羌塘中部白措花岗岩岩石地球化学特征、锆石U Pb年龄和Hf同位素组成及其构造意义

本文对羌塘中部白措花岗岩的研究表明,岩体是由花岗闪长岩和二长花岗岩同时侵位的复合岩基,锆石U Pb年龄分别为213. 8±1. 3 Ma、210. 0±1. 1 Ma和208. 1±1. 4 Ma。白措花岗岩为硅过饱和的准铝质—弱过铝质岩石,Eu负异常明显,富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素,显示典型的壳源特征。εHft)为负值,主要集中于-10～-15,对应的Hf同位素二阶段模式年龄峰值为1. 78 Ga,显示源区为古元古代古老地壳;同时,花岗岩中含有大量闪长质暗色包体,表明有壳幔岩浆混合作用,推测为同时期玄武质岩浆的底侵作用,在地壳深部诱发富硅质基底岩石重熔,快速喷发形成玄武岩—流纹岩双峰式组合,而花岗岩则是由玄武质岩浆在地壳充分熔融后,岩浆沿羌塘中部已有的构造破碎带侵入形成,并且在熔融过程中有镁铁质岩浆注入少量结晶的长英质岩浆中形成暗色包体。因此,花岗岩与双峰式火山岩是同一裂陷动力机制的产物。花岗岩的侵入预示了晚三叠世羌塘盆地构造岩浆活动的结束,之上开始了羌塘侏罗纪海相盆地的沉积。     

鲁西峄山花岗岩中粗大钾长石斑晶成因探讨

在鲁西地区新太古代晚期(五台期)峄山花岗岩的黑石查和望子山花岗质岩体的岩石中,钾长石粗大斑晶内有自形程度较高的斜长石等矿物包裹体沿其环带定向排列.根据野外观察及岩石、矿物学特征测试分析,钾长石斑晶属于岩浆结晶形成的原生斑晶,受化学成分及侵位结晶过程中的物理化学条件影响,钾长石的生长速度大于其成核密度,因而形成粗大斑晶.估算岩浆温度＞950℃,钾长石斑晶快速生长时岩浆温度为750℃,过冷度△T≈150℃,基质结晶时岩浆温度为600℃,△T≈300℃.     

秦祁结合部位宝鸡地区早泥盆世香泉A型正长花岗岩年龄、地球化学特征及其构造意义

对秦祁结合部位宝鸡地区香泉正长花岗岩进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄和岩石地球化学研究。结果显示,锆石~(206)Pb/~(238)Pb年龄加权平均值为410±5Ma(MSWD=0.20,n=18),限定该岩体的形成时代为早泥盆世。香泉正长花岗岩具有高硅(SiO_2=69.63%~73.94%)、富钾(K_2O=4.24%~4.88%,K_2O/Na_2O=1.23~1.44)、富铁(TFe_2O_3=2.10%~3.70%,TFe_2O_3/MgO=3.88~6.84)、低镁(MgO=0.31%~0.94%)、低磷(P_2O_5=0.08%~0.21%)的特征,属准铝质、高钾钙碱性系列。香泉正长花岗岩稀土元素含量较高(318×10~(-6)~499×10~(-6)),表现出明显的负Eu异常(δ Eu=0.37~0.46),富集Rb、Th、Zr、Sm、Ga(10000×Ga/Al=2.59~2.93)等微量元素,贫Ba、Nb、Ta、Sr,整体表现出A型花岗岩特征。结合区域资料认为,香泉正长花岗岩形成于造山后环境,为低压环境下长英质地壳物质部分熔融成因。     

Plio-Quaternary paleostresses in the Atlantic passive margin of the Moroccan Meseta: Influence of the Central Rif escape tectonics related to Eurasian-African plate convergence

The Atlantic Moroccan Meseta margin is affected by far field recent tectonic stresses. The basement belongs to the variscan orogen and was deformed by hercynian folding and metamorphism followed by a post-Permian erosional stage, producing the flat paleorelief of the region. Tabular Mesozoic and Mio-Plio-Quaternary deposits locally cover the Meseta, which has undergone recent uplift, while north of Rabat the subsidence continues in the Gharb basin, constituting the foreland basin of the Rif Cordillera.The Plio-Quaternary sedimentary cover of the Moroccan Meseta, mainly formed by aeolian and marine terraces deposits, is affected by brittle deformations (joints and small-scale faults) that evidence that this region – considered up to date as stable – is affected by the far field stresses. Striated faults are recognized in the oldest Plio-Quaternary deposits and show strike-slip and normal kinematics, while joints affect up to the most recent sediments.Paleostress may be sorted into extensional, only affecting Rabat sector, and three main compressive groups deforming whole the region: (1) ENE–WSW to ESE–WNW compression; (2) NNW–SSE to NE–SW compression and (3) NNE–SSW compression. These stresses can be attributed mainly to the NW–SE oriented Eurasian-African plate convergence in the western Mediterranean and the escape toward the SW of the Rif Cordillera. Local paleostress deviations may be related to basement fault reactivation. These new results reveal the tectonic instability during Plio-Quaternary of the Moroccan Meseta margin in contrast to the standard passive margins, generally considered stable.     

华北地块西南缘古元古代花岗斑岩及其构造意义

在六盘山南段陇县固关镇东部出露多个原认为属于中-新生代的花岗斑岩岩体,其中的白家沟花岗斑岩显示古元古 代壳源岩浆活动的记录,属于钙碱性花岗岩系。该花岗斑岩高SiO2 （71.14%~73.33%）,高碱（Na2O+ K2O=7.61%~8.70%）, 富钾（K2O/Na2O=1.21~2.52,平均为2.03）,具有准铝-弱过铝质特点（铝饱和指数A/CNK=0.93~1.09,平均1.00）。稀土元 素配分曲线呈轻稀土强烈富集的典型“海鸥型”样式,具有明显的Eu负异常（δEu=0.44~0.47）。岩石富集大离子亲石元素 K,Rb,Ba,Th,亏损高场强元素Ti,Nb,Ta,具有壳源A型花岗岩的地球化学特征。对该花岗斑岩进行的锆石U-Pb LA-ICP-MS同位素年代测定获得了1 846±32 Ma的上交点年龄,说明花岗斑岩形成于古元古代而不是前人认为的中-新生 代,上奥陶统背锅山组砾屑灰岩实际上是沉积于古元古代花岗斑岩之上。结合区域地质资料研究结果表明华北地块西南缘 在古元古代时期处于强烈的伸展环境,这可能为古元古代贺兰坳拉槽向南延伸至六盘山南段提供了直接的岩石学证据。