利用风廓线雷达资料分析大理机场飑线天气过程的风垂直变化特征

飑线天气现象是航空气象中危险和复杂的天气现象之一,2018年大理机场出现两次飑线天气过程,利用风廓线雷达资料和航空气象地面观测资料,分析两次飑线天气过程的风垂直变化特征。结果表明:(1)在飑线天气过程开始前2～4 h,从底层到高层均出现明显的上升运动,飑现象开始前后,上升运动和下沉运动同时存在,为大气中垂直热交换过程提供了有利条件;(2)飑线天气过程存在垂直风的水平切变及垂直切变,反映了强烈的对流发展,发展到离地高度5000 m以上;(3)飑线天气过程存在径向速度突变增大、谱宽变宽和单波束径向速度折叠现象,说明本场出现的是风雨交加的强对流天气;(4)高空到地面存在湍流运动,能量交换频繁,气流紊乱。     

Electron Densities in Quiescent Prominences Derived from Eclipse Observations

We develop a diagnostic tool for determination of the electron densities in solar prominences using eclipse data. The method is based on analysis of the hydrogen Balmer-line intensities (namely Hα and Hβ) and the white-light emission due to Thomson scattering on the prominence electrons. Our approach represents a generalization of the ratio method already used by Koutchmy, Lebecq, and Stellmacher (Astron. Astrophys. 119, 261, 1983). In this paper we use an extended grid of non-LTE prominence models of Gouttebroze, Heinzel, and Vial (Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. Ser. 99, 513, 1993) and derive various useful relations between prominence radiation properties and electron densities. Simultaneously, an effective geometrical thickness of the prominence can also be obtained. As an example we apply our general technique to original eclipse data of Koutchmy, Lebecq, and Stellmacher (Astron. Astrophys. 119, 261, 1983). Finally, we use our results to determine the color of prominences as it should be seen during total eclipses.     

基于多相滤波器的宽带射电频谱仪设计

提出了一种基于多相滤波器的新型宽带射电频谱仪的设计方案。通过多相滤波器实现宽带射电信号的滤波,对滤波后的基带信号进行数字功率检波,再通过积分控制,最终得到射电信号的频谱强度。仿真分析表明,这一设计具有很好的效果,通过多相滤波器,使信号的速率大为降低,克服了传统频谱仪以及采用FFT实现频谱变换方法的缺点,可以实现对超宽带射电信号的实时频谱分析。     

有限元分析方法在天文仪器设计中的应用

在天文仪器的设计过程中存在有大量的数值计算,且大部分的数值问题是非线性的。如何有效的解决这些计算问题,保证设计工作的顺利进行,是每一个设计工作者关心的问题。文章结合云南天文台光谱筒的有限元分析过程,论述了如何采用有限元分析方法解决大型天文仪器机械设计数值计算问题。     

Enhancing the relative Fe-to-proton abundance in ultra-high-energy cosmic rays

We study a generic class of models for ultra-high energy cosmic ray (UHECR) phenomenology, in which the sources accelerate protons and nuclei with a power-law spectrum having the same index, but with different values for the maximum proton energies, distributed according to a power-law. We show that, for energies sufficiently lower than the maximum proton energy, such models are equivalent to single-type source models, with a larger effective power law index and a heavier composition at the source. We calculate the resulting enhancement of the abundance of nuclei, and find typical values of a factor 2-10 for Fe nuclei. At the highest energies, the heavy nuclei enhancement ratios become larger, and the granularity of the sources must also be taken into account. We conclude that the effect of a distribution of maximum energies among sources must be considered in order to understand both the energy spectrum and the composition of UHECRs, as measured on Earth.     

The far-ultraviolet albedo of Šteins measured with Rosetta-ALICE

During Rosetta’s flyby of the asteroid (2867) Šteins in 2008, we used the ALICE instrument to measure the first far-ultraviolet (FUV) reflectivity spectrum of an asteroid (850-2000 Å). It is very dark in the FUV, ∼4%, compared to its very high reflectivity (40%) at optical wavelengths. The FUV albedo does not exhibit a systematic color trend across the spectral range, but there is a broad absorption feature, not yet identified with a specific mineral, with maximum depth near 1650 Å. The shape of this feature implies a very low abundance of Fe²⁺ ions in the surface minerals. The FUV brightness exhibits a significant opposition surge at phases below 10°. The visible/FUV color gets much redder with increasing phase angle inside the opposition surge and gets gradually redder at larger phase angles. We also conducted a deep search for an exosphere of atoms sputtered from the surface and set upper limits on any column densities of oxygen and hydrogen atoms at the time of our observations. The upper limit for H is comparable to that predicted by the only theoretical prediction of which we are aware, while that for O is higher than predicted by about an order of magnitude.     

瑞利波测试技术用于剪切波速勘探之研究

本文根据瑞利波测量所得波形的变化特征，分析研究了地基参数对瑞利波弥散曲线的影响规律，提出了利用瑞利波测试剪切波速的方法。在研究过程中，对瑞利波测试技术进行了探讨，并引入了相关分析原理，以消除噪声、系统的非线性以及其它一些人为因素的干扰。最后结合实例，论证该技术用于实际勘探的可行性并指出其存在的问题和有待进一步完善的工作。     

用谱分布法确定航空重力测量数据分辨率

根据重力异常在不同高度上的谱信息分布 ,给出了不同高度测定不同分辨率重力异常时航空重力测量系统应达到的精度 ;从系统误差源综合分析得出 ,当前航空重力测量系统的测量精度约为± 3× 1 0 - 5ms- 2 ;最后给出了航空重力测量系统能可靠地测定分辨率 1 0′、条件较好时分辨率 5′的重力异常的结论。     

Research on the Seismic Wave Characteristics of Low Frequency Signals before the Alxa Left Banner MS5.8 Earthquake in Inner Mongolia, China

In order to search for the seismic wave characteristics of low frequency signals in the Alxa Left Banner region,Inner Mongolia,the low frequency signals of seismic wave data are extracted from the earthquakes of MS5. 8 in 2015 and MS5. 0 in 2016 in this area. The results show that:① Before the MS5. 8 earthquake,the seismic stations located near the epicenter in Wuhai,Dongshengmiao,and Shizuishan recorded seismic waves that showed the phenomenon of spectrum shift from high to low frequency.② The low frequency signals recorded by different stations have obvious difference.③ According to the data recorded by the station closest to the epicenter,low-frequency signals were recorded about120 hours before the earthquake and had obvious anomalies. This may reflect slow slip before the earthquake.     

新疆阿尔泰彩色电气石的颜色成因研究

彩色碧玺（彩色电气石）是新疆阿尔泰花岗伟晶岩中富有特色的一种名贵宝石，主要有碧绿、黑绿、黄绿、红色和玫瑰色碧玺。通过对彩色电气石的岩石化学分析、Ｘ－衍射、紫外可见光吸收光谱和穆斯鲍尔谱测试分析，结合宏观地质观察，认为阿尔泰宝石级彩色电气石Ａｌ２Ｏ３含量高（＞４０％）而铁（锰）含量低，形成于碱性介质环境，多出现在钠锂型伟晶岩或钠长石富集地段。彩色电气石的颜色与晶体格架中配位金属离子种类、含量、物理特征及其生长阶段等因素有密切关系。铁、锰和锂离子是致色原因之一；微量元素，过渡性致色离子的存在与含量的高低也是造成电气石多色的原因之一