Late-Pleistocene and mid-Holocene environmental changes in highland valley head areas of Santa Catarina state, Southern Brazil

Low resolution of the continental sedimentary record is a common source of skepticism about the application of geomorphology and sedimentology to Quaternary studies. In spite of this, when supported by independent proxy data, geomorphology and sedimentology may favor palaeo-hydrologic interpretation. This paper associates geomorphologic, stratigraphic, sedimentologic, isotopic, palynologic and geochronologic data. The research was conducted in valley head sites in southern Brazilian highlands, under mild subtropical climate. The results point to environmental changes, the ages of which coincide to Marine Isotopic Stages (MIS) 5b, 3, 2 and 1. Although late-Pleistocene temperatures and precipitation were lower than those of today, the study valley heads seem to have sustained locally wetter environments, which fed shallow soil–water saturated zones. These saturated zones are believed to have expanded during transitions between stadial and interstadial states, contributing to hillslope erosion and sedimentation regardless of the sign of the climatic change. The interior organization of holocenic slope-wash deposits suggests that the mid-Holocene climate was drier than today’s and was under the influence of seasonally contrasting precipitation regimes. The predominance of overland flow-related sedimentary records suggests that an excess of precipitation over evaporation influenced local palaeo-hydrology. This palaeo-hydrologic condition seems to have been recurrent and also explains the alternating periods of pedogenesis and sedimentation.     

Spatial variability of heavy metals in soils across a valley plain in Southeastern China

An investigation was carried out to survey the magnitude and spatial distribution of heavy metals, as well as their relation with soil series, in a valley plain in Southeastern China. Soil was sampled at 159 sites by combining a squared grid and nested sampling strategies along the transect perpendicular to the Qujiang River in Zhejiang Province, China. Total concentrations of six metals, namely Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn, were measured. Classical statistics and geostatistics were used to quantify their spatial characteristics. There was a considerable variation in many of these parameters. The total concentrations ranged from 6.8 to 29.3 mg kg⁻¹ for Cu, 6,784 to 18,678 mg kg⁻¹ for Fe, 94 to 385 mg kg⁻¹ for Mn, 6.1 to 20.3 mg kg⁻¹ for Ni, 25.0 to 49.5 mg kg⁻¹ for Pb, and 12 to 160 mg kg⁻¹ for Zn. Pearson correlation coefficients among total metal concentrations and selected soil properties showed a number of strong associations. By virtue of analysis of variance, a predominant influence of soil series on the spatial variability of metal concentrations was observed. All metals were spatially correlated. The semivariograms of Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn were dominated by short range correlation (600 or 700 m), and that of Pb by long range (1200 m). Block kriging maps of total metal concentrations and soil properties showed strip distributions, perpendicular to the river, in the manner similar to the soil series. Principal component analysis was run to identify common distribution patterns of heavy metals and soil properties. These results illustrate that soil series information of valley plain may be useful for developing management zones for site-specific agriculture.     

长江下游地区降水50-80d低频分量的次季节预测研究

用1979-2000年逐日长江下游降水的50-80 d低频分量和全球850 hPa低频纬向风主成分,构建了长江下游降水低频分量的次季节预测的扩展复数自回归模型（ECAR）。这种基于数据驱动建模的气候预测方法,不仅能在复数空间上反映全球环流主要低频主分量和长江下游降水低频分量之间的时滞变化信息,而且能更好地描述气候系统的主要分量在低维空间中的变化规律。对2001-2014年长江下游降水低频分量进行次季节逐日变化回报试验的结果表明,50-80 d时间尺度的长江下游低频降水分量的预测时效可达52 d左右,预报能力明显优于自回归模型（AR）,而且6-8月的预报技巧最高。基于全球环流主要50-80 d振荡型的发展和变化以及与长江下游低频降水相关的时间演变,对于提前50-60 d预报长江下游地区持续多（少）雨过程很有帮助（尤其是夏季）,其中,东亚经向三极子型（EAT）是影响长江下游地区季节内降水变化的最主要的环流因子之一。      

江淮流域持续性极端降水及预报方法研究进展

持续性极端降水过程会引发严重的洪涝灾害,是我国主要的灾害性天气之一,其形成机理和预报理论与方法研究受到广泛关注。近年来,针对持续性极端降水的形成机理和预报方法研究取得了一系列进展,主要包括:开展了我国区域性持续性极端降水事件的自动识别方法研究,研制建立了江淮流域持续性极端降水的大尺度环流概念模型,并提取了1~2周的前兆信号;从东亚—太平洋遥相关型 (EAP) 角度探究其对持续性极端降水的影响机理,并探讨利用EAP对江淮流域持续性极端降水进行预报的可行性。此外,在上述研究的基础上发展了基于关键影响系统的持续性极端降水的物理统计预报方法。     

Controls on forearc basin architecture from seismic and sequence stratigraphy of the Upper Cretaceous Great Valley Group,central Sacramento Basin,California

Seismic and sequence stratigraphic analysis of deep-marine forearc basin fill (Great Valley Group) in the central Sacramento Basin, California, reveals eight third-order sequence boundaries within the Cenomanian to mid-Campanian second-order sequences. The third-order sequence boundaries are of two types: Bevelling Type, a relationship between underlying strata and onlapping high-density turbidites; and Entrenching Type, a significantly incised surface marked by deep channels and canyons carved during sediment bypass down-slope. Condensed sections of hemipelagic strata draping bathymetric highs and onlapped by turbidites form a third important type of sequence-bounding element, Onlapped Drapes. Five tectonic and sedimentary processes explain this stratigraphic architecture: (1) subduction-related tectonic tilting and deformation of the basin; (2) avulsion of principal loci of submarine fan sedimentation in response to basin tilting; (3) deep incision and sediment bypass; (4) erosive grading and bevelling of tectonically modified topography by sand-rich, high-density turbidite systems; and (5) background hemipelagic sedimentation. The basin-fill architecture supports a model of subduction-related flexure as the principal driver of forearc subsidence and uplift during the Late Cretaceous. Subduction-related tilting of the forearc and growth of the accretionary wedge largely controlled whether and where the Great Valley turbiditic sediments accumulated in the basin. Deeply incised surfaces of erosion, including submarine canyons and channels, indicate periods of turbidity current bypass to deeper parts of the forearc basin or the trench. Fluctuations in sediment supply likely also played an important role in evolution of basin fill, but effects of eustatic fluctuations were overwhelmed by the impact of basin tectonics and sediment supply and capture. Eventual filling and shoaling of the Great Valley forearc during early Campanian time, coupled with dramatically reduced subsidence, correlate with a change in plate convergence, presumed flat-slab subduction, cessation of Sierran arc volcanism, and onset of Laramide orogeny in the retroarc.     

九寨沟地下径流系统

九寨沟景观钙华呈相对集中的带状分布,地表径流多处流量呈现异常,运用水均衡原理,论证了九寨沟次级含水单元间的补、排关系,用则查哇沟、丹祖沟次级含水单元通过渗漏补给日则沟,保证了九寨沟核心景观的稳定,长海对九寨沟径流系统具有重要调节作用。     

四川盐源县马思罗沟地球化学异常特征

根据化探分析数据结果和以往的工作成果、地质特征,分别对马思罗沟地球化学场特征、主成矿单元素异常特征、综合异常特征研究分析,从而推断解释综合异常(Hs-2)对成矿的有利性。确定该地区元素异常分布受构造的影响,确定该地区具有找金矿的潜力。     

宁镇地区安基山岩体锆石LA ICPMS U Pb 定年及意义

宁镇地区安基山岩体最早被厘定为高Sr低Y型岩石(Adakite),为深入理解安基山岩体的成因与深部地质作用演化过程,本文利用LA ICPMS锆石U Pb定年方法对安基山岩体的花岗闪长斑岩进行了年代学研究,获得其206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为 1088±12 Ma,表明岩浆侵位时代为早白垩世。另外,结合本地区高精度年代学数据,构筑了长江中下游地区中生代岩浆岩的精细年代学格架,划分为四个阶段：148~133 Ma（第一阶段）、131~127 Ma（第二阶段）、126~123 Ma（第三阶段）以及109~102 Ma（第四阶段）。     

The Glacial History of Landscape in the Batura Muztagh, NW Karakoram

The most recent glacial history of the Bar Valley on the Batura south side of the great Karakorum main ridge shows a marked retreat of the Kukuar and Baltar glaciers since 1915 by 8 km. This tendency is continuing. A great lateral moraine (GLM), which shows the latest, historical maximum postglacial stage, is accompanied by a higher level, which reflects a neoglacial glacier level whose ice margins no longer exist. An earth-pyramid moraine rising high above the glacier, as also occurs on the northern declivities of the Batura, does not mark a specific level, but bears witness to a valley-filling glacier, for which further indicators can be found along the valley flank. In the gorge-like narrow trough valley, the flanks of which are covered by steep debris cones originating from the postglacial, numerous former glacial characteristics contrast with the current glaciation of the far retreated Kukuar and Baltar glaciers. Moraine material found at the valley outlet at Chalt and also on the Talmutz pass demonstrates complete ice filling of the Bar valley, also supported by the Daintar glacier. From a glacial geomorphological perspective, this confirms a late to high glacial connection of the Bar glacier to a Hunza glacier, as postulated by Kuhle (2005).