庐枞盆地侵入岩的时空格架及其对成矿的制约

庐枞中生代火山盆地位于长江中下游断陷带内,地处扬子板块的北缘。庐枞盆地内火山岩和侵入岩分布广泛,包括龙门院、砖桥、双庙和浮山四组火山岩以及34个侵入岩体。本次工作在详细野外地质调查的基础上,结合作者已有的5个岩体(巴家滩岩体、城山岩体、花山岩体、黄梅尖岩体和枞阳岩体)年代学的研究工作,系统开展了盆地侵入岩体的年代学和时空分布特征研究。通过侵入岩锆石LA-ICP-MSU-Pb定年方法,本次研究确定庐枞盆地内15个主要侵入岩体的成岩时代分别为:黄屯岩体134.4±2.2Ma、岳山岩体132.7±1.5Ma、拔茅山岩体132.7±1.9Ma、尖山岩体132.0±1.3Ma、谢瓦泥岩体131.6±1.1Ma、龙桥岩体131.1±1.5Ma、焦冲岩体129.6±1.3Ma、土地山岩体127.4±2.8Ma、凤凰山岩体128.4±0.9Ma、罗岭岩体126.3±2.0Ma、龙王尖岩体126.5±1.5Ma、小岭岩体126.2±1.8Ma、大缸窑岩体125.9±1.3Ma、巴坛岩体125.1±1.1Ma、毛王庙岩体123.9±1.9Ma。从而得出庐枞盆地内侵入岩的成岩时代界于134～123Ma之间,属于早白垩世,并进一步将庐枞盆地内侵入岩划分成2期,其中早期侵入岩主要为二长岩和闪长岩类,主要分布在盆地北部,与龙门院旋回和砖桥旋回火山活动关系密切,岩体侵位受火山机构和北东向构造联合控制,成岩时代为134～130Ma;晚期侵入岩还可分为两类,第一类主要为正长岩类,分布在盆地南部,主要受盆地内火山机构和北北东向断裂控制,侵入活动与双庙旋回和浮山旋回火山岩浆活动相对应,成岩时代为129～123Ma;第二类主要为A型花岗岩,分布于盆地东南缘,成岩时代为126～123Ma,主要受区域北北东向大断裂控制,而与盆地火山机构无关。庐枞盆地内与岩浆岩有关的铁、铜、金、铅、锌、铀矿床可划分为3个成矿系列,其中砖桥旋回形成的二长岩类与罗河、泥河和龙桥等铁矿床、岳山铅锌矿床及井边和拔茅山铜矿床关系密切,双庙旋回形成的正长岩类与马口等铁矿床关系密切,而晚期的A型花岗岩与3440矿床等金、铀矿化关系密切。长江中下游地区燕山期存在145～136Ma、135～127Ma、126～123Ma等三期成岩(成矿)作用,庐枞盆地内侵入岩对应于该区域第二和第三期岩浆活动的产物,其形成时代明显晚于长江中下游成矿带断隆区内与斑岩型-矽卡岩型铜(铁)、金矿床有关的高钾钙碱性岩体(第一期)。庐枞盆地内侵入岩形成于区域岩石圈伸展的构造环境。     

Gold Mineralization in Kottathara Prospect, Attappadi Valley, Kerala, India: a Preliminary Appraisal

The Kottathara gold prospect of Attappadi Valley in Kerala is located within the Southern Indian Granulite Terrain comprising charnockite and gneisses with enclaves of high-grade supracrustals. The gold mineralization associated with the basic members of the Attappadi supracrustals and the quartz veins traversing them are confined within the Bhavani Shear Zone. Primarily the gold-quartz lode is emplaced in rheologically preferred zones along the contact of the basic members with the enclosing gneisses subsequent to a period of retrogression and shearing. Ore-mineralogical studies reveal that gold got remobilized and this remobilization is identified with the regional Bhavani Shear. SEM studies indicate that gold occurs in free state and also within sulphides especially pyrite. Variation in grain morphology is clearly discernible in gold occurring within oxidised and in non-oxidised zones.Sequencing of deformational events with associated emplacements of known ages suggests the age of gold mineralization of Attappadi area as between 2 Ga. and 2.5 Ga. The secondary mobilization has to be <2.0 Ga or younger possibly of younger Pan-African age related with the Moyar-Bhavani Shear System. The inherent gold content of the komatiitic metapyroxenites together with the auriferous quartz lodes assigns a lithological control on gold mineralisation. Subsequent folding and remobilization due to the regional shear constrained the geometry of the lode zones implying structural control.     

Lead in food and soil from a mining area in Brazil and human exposure

During the last century, several lead mines and a metal smelter were in production in the Upper Ribeira Valley, southeastern Brazil. After fifty years of activity, the refinery was shut down in November 1995 and, thereafter the last mines in production were closed. Since 1998, a multidisciplinary research group has carried out an ambitious investigation among the population of five municipalities in the Ribeira Valley （sampled population of 472 children and 523 adults） to assess the human exposure to lead. The highest blood lead levels were found among the population of two villages in the vicinity of the smelter where soil and indoor-dust are highly contaminated. During the present study, the lead contents of several food species that are part of local population diet were investigated. Greens, vegetables, corn, chicken eggs and cow milk, were sampled in two occasions, July 2004 and February 2005. The analytical procedures included burning of organic matter, pre-concentration of lead and, finally, determination by AAS using background correction. The quantification limit was 0.05 μg/g Pb. Soil samples were also collected and analyzed by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy with a quantification limit of 2 μg/g Pb. The results are very impressing since 100% of greens, vegetables and eggs yielded lead concentrations exceeding the upper limits established by Brazilian regulations whereas milk and maize samples presented lead contents below the regulated limit of 0.05 μg/g Pb. Lead concentrations in soil varied between 156 and 1292 μg/g Pb, resembling the results of previous studies and far exceeding the threshold of 200 μg/g Pb indicated as the intervention value. Lead contents in some species vary consistently with lead concentrations in soils, however, other factors may account for the bioavailability of lead and its intake by plants, like the soil pH, its cationic exchange capacity, clay and organic matter contents, characteristics of the plant species itself, climate, among others.     

安徽铜陵中生代侵入岩及其岩石包体中的硫化物-氧化物包裹体研究

安徽铜陵地区中生代岩浆活动频繁,形成了一系列与铜、金多金属成矿作用关系密切的中酸性侵入岩。在这些侵入岩中分布有大量的镁铁质团块、堆积晶和微粒闪长质包体。在这些侵入岩及其岩石包体中观察到了一定数量的硫化物-氧化物包裹体。文章对老庙基、小铜官山和小陶家岩体及其岩石包体中的硫化物-氧化物包裹体进行了详细的岩相学观察和电子探针分析。观察和分析结果显示,镁铁质团块中硫化物包裹体内的矿物主要有磁黄铁矿、黄铜矿、单硫化物固溶体和镍黄铁矿,这些硫化物相(黄铜矿除外)中的Ni、Cu平均含量(wB,下同)分别为6.91%和0.44%;微粒闪长质包体和寄主岩中硫化物包裹体内的矿物主要为磁黄铁矿和黄铜矿,这些硫化物相(黄铜矿除外)中的Ni、Cu平均含量分别为0.44%、0.07%(微粒闪长质包体)和0.09%、0.42%(寄主岩)。镁铁质团块、微粒闪长质包体和寄主岩中氧化物包裹体内的矿物分别为铬磁铁矿(Cr2O3平均含量为4.44%)、磁铁矿(Cr2O3平均含量为0.44%)和磁铁矿(Cr2O3平均含量为0.07%);散布的氧化物颗粒分别为铬磁铁矿(Cr2O3平均含量为6.58%)、磁铁矿+铬磁铁矿(Cr2O3平均含量为0.86%)...     

基于形变观测分析中国台湾东部花东纵谷断层运动特征

花东纵谷断层是中国台湾动力作用和地壳运动变形最强烈的断层之一,其断层运动特征和强震危险程度一直备受学者的关注。文中分别以同震地表位移、1992-1999年震间形变数据为约束,反演2003年成功MW 6.8地震同震位错分布和花东纵谷断层震间运动特征。结果表明：花东纵谷断层北段处于强闭锁状态（闭锁率高达0.9）,闭锁深度深（约27 km）;南段闭锁程度较弱（闭锁率约0.5）,闭锁深度较浅（约12 km）;中段闭锁程度与闭锁深度介于南北段之间。另一方面,2003年成功MW 6.8地震微观震中位于震间无震滑移区与闭锁区的过渡带附近。依据同震位错、震间断层运动反演结果,以及历史强震破裂分布特征,分析认为,花东纵谷断层南北段运动方式存在差异性,北段主要以强震形式运动,南段以蠕滑和地震两种形式运动。自1951年花莲-台东ML 7.3地震序列后,花东纵谷断层南段、中段和北段至2016年所累积的矩能量分别等价MW 6.4、MW 7.0、MW 7.4地震;若发生级联破裂,整个断层至2016年所累积的矩能量等价MW 7.5地震。     

萨拉乌苏河流域第四系岩石地层及其时间界限

根据对位于鄂尔多斯高原毛乌素沙漠东南部边缘萨拉乌苏河流域的米浪沟湾剖面岩石地层划分并结合年代测试结果,提出了如下一些看法1以组为代表的岩石地层单元的形成时间为离石组>150000aB.P.、萨拉乌苏组150000-75000aB.P.、城川组75000-10000aB.P.、大沟湾组-滴哨沟湾组10000-1000aB.P.、范家沟湾组1000aB.P.-现代.2以上岩石单元与黄土高原相同时期层系具有较好的对比关系离石组\萨拉乌苏组、萨拉乌苏组\城川组和城川组\大沟湾组在地质时代上依次与L₂\S₁(时限为140000aB.P.)、S1\L1(时限为80000aB.P.)和L1\S0(时限为11000-10000aB.P.)大体是等时的.3如以过去全球变化而论,则目前已经可以确切地将米浪沟湾剖面诸岩石单元与深海和大陆冰川最近地质时期的若干氧同位素阶段进行对比,以“”表示为离石组MIS6、萨拉乌苏组MIS5、城川组MIS2～MIS4、大沟湾组+滴哨沟湾组+范家沟湾组MIS1.显然,这一对比关系清楚地说明,我国沙漠万年时间尺度环境演变,与黄土的研究结果一样,在很大程度上受到北半球冰期间冰期气候波动的影响.据此,可以按气候地层进行划分,将离石组、萨拉乌苏组、城川组、大沟湾组+滴哨沟湾组+范家沟湾组的时代分别置于里斯冰期、里斯-玉木间冰期(末次间冰期)、玉木冰期(末次冰期)和冰后期。     

Seismic stratigraphy of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic in northern Belgium: main results of a high-resolution reflection seismic survey along rivers and canals

This paper presents the results of high-resolution reflection seismic surveys carried out between 1989 and 1996 along rivers and canals in northern Belgium. The seismic data penetrate down to 900 m in the sedimentary cover or to the Paleozoic basement. The reflection response of the acoustic basement provides clear indications with regard to the top of the Paleozoic: crystalline basement and Lower Paleozoic metasediments and volcanics of the London-Brabant Massif and NE-dipping Devonian and Carboniferous strata. The subhorizontal Mesozoic and Cenozoic sedimentary cover comprises 20 unconformity-bound seismic units: 5 in the Cretaceous and 15 in the Cenozoic. Based on borehole information, these units are correlated with lithostratigraphically defined formations or groups. Some of the unit-bounding unconformities are of regional importance. They are attributed i) to eustatic sea-level changes causing regional flooding during the Late Cretaceous or incision of deep valleys during the Late Oligocene and Late Miocene, ii) to regional tectonic tilting between Late Eocene and Early Oligocene, or iii) to a combination of eustasy and tectonics causing valley incisions during the Lutetian. Faults of the Roer Valley Graben have offset different stratigraphic levels by sometimes considerable amounts (up to 230 m in the Oligocene to Quaternary succession). Although the main tectonic phase took place during the Miocene, the activity has varied considerably through time, and also from fault to fault. Most faults seem to have a 10 to 30-m displacement since the Late Pliocene.     

Temporal and three-dimensional spatial analyses of the frequency–magnitude distribution near Long Valley Caldera, California

The 3-D distribution of the b value of the frequency–magnitude distribution is analysed in the seismically active parts of the crust near Long Valley Caldera, California. The seismicity is sampled in spherical volumes, containing N =150 earthquakes and centred at nodes of a grid separated by 0.3  km. Significant variations in the b value are detected, with b ranging from b ≈0.6 to b ≈2.0. High b -value volumes are located near the resurgent dome, and at depths below 5  km at Mammoth Mountain. b values are found to be much lower south of the Long Valley Caldera. We interpret this to indicate that an active magma body has advanced from depths below 8  km to depths of 4 to 5  km beneath Mammoth Mountain in 1989, and that anomalous crust, either highly fractured or containing unusually high pore pressure, such as is the case in the vicinity of active magma bodies, exists north of the seismically active area beneath the resurgent dome at all depths. We also investigate the spatial distribution of temporal variations of the frequency–magnitude distribution by introducing differential b -value maps. b values increased from b ≈0.8 to b ≈1.5 underneath Mammoth Mountain at the onset of the 1989 earthquake swarm and remained high thereafter. This suggests that an intrusion permanently altered the average distribution of cracks at 5–10  km depth, or that the pore pressure permanently increased. We propose that high b values are a necessary (but not sufficient) condition near a magmatic body, and therefore spatial b -value mapping can be used to aid in the identification of active magma bodies.     

长江中下游及其邻区深部地球物理背景与含金夕卡岩矿床的分布

长江中下游地区是我国重要的铁铜矿产基地。近十年来,我国所发现的含金夕卡岩矿床和铜伴生金夕卡岩矿床也主要产在长江中下游地区。作者借助12条大地电磁测深剖面、5条地震剖面、层析成像速度结构资料、重磁场等区域的和深部的地球物理资料进行综合对比研究,给出长江中下游及其邻区的三维深部构造格架及其与含金夕卡岩矿床和铜伴生金夕卡岩矿床的分布关系。作者认为,上地幔隆起带(岩石圈地幔减薄带)、上地幔异常区(相对低速区)、壳内高导层隆起带、深断裂(岩石圈剪切带)、地壳上地幔不均匀性块体的边缘、重力高反映的基底隆起区、跳跃磁场反映的岩浆岩带和构造交汇处等诸多因素的共同作用控制着含金夕卡岩矿床和铜伴生金夕卡岩矿床的分布。