地质钻孔——水文地质观测孔的转换技术及其应用

利用钻孔转换技术可使地质勘探孔在封孔以后仍能观测水位，水温等，仪器的各项指标符合勘探规程，适用于野外作业的恶劣，简陋条件。     

The Korean Folk Custom Forbidding The Establishment of Water Wells

For over a thousand years many settlements in Korea forbid the digging of water‐wells. This custom can be explained using geomancy, which personifies local landscapes or names them after animate or inanimate objects. In ‘sailing boat’ landscapes the digging of water‐wells was prohibited because this was viewed as analogous to making a hole in the bottom of a boat, which would thus bring misfortune to local residents. Based on this geomantic reasoning, people considered the custom of forbidding well digging to be an integral part of the art of geomancy, with its origin in a geomantic belief system. My earlier research sustained this explanation but this paper, which is based on two recent instances of field work, rejects the established view on the custom. The aim of this paper is to critically re‐examine this established view and suggests a new idea that the folk custom of prohibiting well digging in Korea was not originally derived from geomancy, but was conceived from a non‐geomantic indigenous Korean idea and have become linked to geomancy through the enforcement process of practicing the custom in traditional Korean society.     

地震沉积学在大庆长垣密井网条件下储层精细描述中的初步应用

文中针对大庆油田特高含水期精细调整挖潜,需要精细精确刻画储层的要求,充分利用大庆长垣油田密井网条件下储层精细描述成果及高密度三维地震资料,建立了处理-解释一体化高保真地震处理、大密度合成记录精细标定及地层切片优选方法;针对不同类型砂体分布特点,给出了利用地层切片采用"砂中找泥"和"泥中找砂"的单一河道识别分析方法,形成了"地震趋势为引导,井点相控"的井震结合储层精细刻画方法;实际应用证明对剩余油的分析认识更具针对性,应用点坝识别成果指导了D区水平井方案设计,取得了较好的钻遇效果。     

低渗透储层水平井-直井联合布井极限注采井距研究

低渗透储层水平井-直井联合布井技术具有广泛的应用前景,其布井方式至关重要。首先利用劈分流场的方法直观地给出常规储层水平井-直井联合布井的产能评价方法;然后针对低渗透储层的渗流特点,在考虑启动压力梯度条件下建立新的井网渗流物理模型并求解得到产能评价公式;最后经分析计算给出启动压力梯度影响的面积井网极限注采井距关系曲线。研究结果为低渗透储层部署水平井-直井联合井网提供理论依据。     

套管中环向传播的准SH波的衰减特征

套管井中的准SH波测井可有效解决声阻抗类声波仪器在低密度水泥胶结评价上的不适应性.本文结合解析计算、三维数值仿真和实验测量研究了套管中环向传播的准SH波的衰减特征.数值仿真和实验测量结果均表明准SH波的衰减主要由波传播过程中的几何扩散和向套管后胶结的固体水泥泄漏能量引起的;解析计算显示在0~300 kHz的测井频段随着频率的增加零阶准SH波的泄漏衰减逐渐增大、一阶准SH波的泄漏衰减逐渐减小,在现有油气井使用的水泥阻抗范围内,准SH波的衰减与水泥阻抗成正比.数值仿真和实验测量的零阶准SH波的衰减与解析计算结果吻合,一阶准SH波的衰减稍高于解析计算结果.另外在实验测量过程中记录了水泥从浇筑到逐渐凝固过程中准SH波测井的全波波形,可清晰观测到直达的准SH波在水泥未凝固前（仍是流体）幅度较强,随着水泥逐渐凝固强度增大准SH波的泄漏衰减逐渐增加,泄漏到水泥环中的能量越来越强,来自水泥外界面的反射波幅度逐渐增加且到时逐渐提前.通过理论计算和实验测量套管井SH横波的衰减特征,为现场应用SH横波测井评价套管井水泥胶结质量奠定基础.

     

基于黏弹滑移界面理论揭示套管中模式波的传播特征

目前固井质量评价主要是利用套管中模式波的幅度或衰减变化判断套管与水泥间的胶结状况.在超声测量频段（70~500 kHz）,现有声波测井仪器工作时在套管中激发的模式波类似薄板中的对称兰姆波（拉伸波）或反对称兰姆波（弯曲型兰姆波）.本文将黏弹滑移界面理论应用到套管和水泥的耦合界面,探讨了套管中的准兰姆波（包括拉伸波和弯曲型兰姆波）与套管后物质的耦合方式,拉伸波与套后物质主要以剪切刚度耦合,即便是0.01 mm的微环也会使得拉伸波的衰减明显降低,接近套后是流体时的响应特征;而弯曲型兰姆波与套管后物质主要以法向刚度耦合,这使得在套后胶结轻质水泥时弯曲型兰姆波对微环不敏感,在套后耦合常规水泥时微环的存在又会使得弯曲型兰姆波的衰减明显增强,衰减的增加说明其与套后物质的声耦合更紧密,也表明微环与常规水泥的等效声阻抗适当降低,更有利于弯曲型兰姆波传播时与套后介质实现法向刚度的匹配.拉伸波和弯曲型兰姆波对同一胶结状况的不同响应特征也为固井质量综合评价时区分不同的水泥胶结状况提供了可能.

     

水平对接卤井施工技术

陕北两水平对接采卤井,对接靶点垂深2541.42m,水平距离365.89m,设计造斜点垂深2328m,造斜率25～30°/100m。垂直井深达2311.5m时,井斜1.08°,偏距5.69m,远离靶区,据此根据造斜钻具性能,造斜点改为2311.5m。     

Hydrogeology of deep-well disposal of liquid wastes in southwestern Florida, USA

 Deep-well injection has been used to dispose of municipal liquid wastes in southwestern Florida since 1988. The liquid wastes are injected into an extremely high-transmissivity zone of fractured dolomite in the Early Eocene Oldsmar Formation of the Floridan aquifer system; this zone is commonly referred to as the Boulder Zone. Data collected during the drilling and operational testing of southwestern Florida injection wells provide insights into the nature of the injection zone and overlying confining beds. The location of high-transmissivity zones that are capable of accepting large quantities of waste water is vertically and horizontally variable and cannot be predicted with certainty. A 40.9-m thick high-permeability interval in one injection well, for example, was absent in a well drilled only 85.4 m away. Some upward migration of low-density injected fluids has occurred, but at no site were the injected liquids detected in deep monitor wells, such as occurred at injection-well sites along the coasts of southeastern, west-central, and east-central Florida. The primary confinement of the injected liquids (i.e., deepest effective confining beds) consists of unfractured beds of low-permeability dolomite within the Oldsmar Formation, whose locations are also laterally and vertically variable. The origin and controls of the distribution of fractures in the Oldsmar Formation are poorly understood. Received, December 1997 Revised, June 1998, August 1998 Accepted, August 1998     

Electron tunneling effects on radiative recombination in modulation n-doped ZnSe/BeTe type-II quantum wells

We have studied the cyclotron-resonance absorption and photoluminescence properties of the modulation n-doped ZnSe/BeTe/ZnSe type-II quantum wells. It is shown that only the doped sample shows electron cyclotron-resonance absorption. Also, the undoped sample shows two distinctive peaks in the spatially indirect photoluminescence spectra, and the doped one shows only one peak. The results reveal that the high concentration electrons accumulated in ZnSe quantum well layers from n-doped layers can tunnel through BeTe barrier from one well layer to the other. The electron concentration difference between these two well layers originating from the tunneling results in a new additional electric field, and can cancel out a built-in electric field as observed in the undoped structures.