天津井水位同震效应分析

通过整理天津张道口、静海、宝坻等多口观测井的数字化水位的观测资料,并针对全球近年来发生的8级以上地震分析了井水位同震变化的特征。结果表明,天津地区这几口观测井对远、大地震水位同震效应显著,地震中水震波变化为振荡型与震荡阶变型。     

天然气水合物试采对接井卡钻事故分析与处理

2016年,在青海木里盆地顺利完成了陆域天然气水合物试采工作,首次将对接井技术应用于天然气水合物试采,取得了显著的效果。钻井区域复杂地层给对接井钻井施工带来了极大的难度与风险,钻井过程中多次出现卡钻现象,本文主要介绍了天然气水合物试采对接井钻井过程中遇到的卡钻事故,并对主要卡钻原因进行了详细分析,给出了相应的解卡措施。     

新疆吉木萨尔县准页4井钻探施工技术

以新疆吉木萨尔县准页4井钻探工程为背景,从钻井井身结构、钻具组合、泥浆工艺、取心技术措施、井斜控制等方面,简要介绍了页岩气参数井采用石油钻机施工工艺流程。针对施工过程中遇到的大砾径覆盖层钻进、超长裸眼段钻进及钻井漏失等问题,通过采取优化钻具结构、调整泥浆粘切润滑性能、使用桥浆堵漏等技术措施,工程得以顺利完工,各项技术指标满足设计要求。总结了实践经验,可为该区大口径钻井施工提供经验借鉴。     

Using δN values in algal tissue to map locations and potential sources of anthropogenic nutrient inputs on the island of Maui, Hawai‘i, USA

Macroalgal blooms of Hypnea musciformis and Ulvafasciata in coastal waters of Maui only occur in areas of substantial anthropogenic nutrient input, sources of which include wastewater effluent via injection wells, leaking cesspools and agricultural fertilizers. Algal δ¹⁵N signatures were used to map anthropogenic nitrogen through coastal surveys (island-wide and fine-scale) and algal deployments along nearshore and offshore gradients. Algal δ¹⁵N values of 9.8‰ and 2.0-3.5‰ in Waiehu and across the north-central coast, respectively, suggest that cesspool and agricultural nitrogen reached the respective adjacent coastlines. Effluent was detected in areas proximal to the Wastewater Reclamation Facilities (WWRF) operating Class V injection wells in Lahaina, Kihei and Kahului through elevated algal δ¹⁵N values (17.8-50.1‰). From 1997 to 2008, the three WWRFs injected an estimated total volume of 193 million cubic meters (51 billion gallons) of effluent with a nitrogen mass of 1.74 million kilograms (3.84 million pounds).     

MODFLOW中两种模拟混合井流问题方法的耦合

对于无(弱)水力联系的多含水层,混合井改变了含水层的结构,通过井筒将无(弱)水力联系的含水层联通。对于大区域井流问题数值模拟,MODFLOW中显式流量分配法和"High Kv in Wellblock"法的假设条件都很难得到满足,将两者耦合起来拓展其适用范围。采用质量守恒定理和Darcy定律计算井网格的平均等效渗透系数,结合显式流量分配法模拟混合井流问题。最后,通过两个典型算例来验证该方法的合理性,其中一个算例是非完整井穿透相邻的两个含水层,另一个算例是完整井穿透两个含水层,且中间有隔水层。将耦合法的计算结果与显式流量分配法对比,结果表明:只有在第一个例子中当水流达到稳定时,两种方法的计算结果几乎相同,且井网格的水头差很小;而其它情况两者的差别很明显,且采用流量分配法计算井网格的水头差大于耦合法计算井网格的水头差。根据Neville等的相关结论可知采用耦合法对于文中的两个例子都比较合理。     

Improvement on the estimation of constant-rate drawdown in large-diameter wells

Abstract

Papadopulos and Cooper's (PC) solution can be used to describe the drawdown resulting from pumping with a constant rate at a large-diameter well. However, this solution is too complicated to be accurately evaluated due to the oscillatory nature of the Bessel functions. The PC approach resulted in tabulated values of dimensionless drawdown at the well with an accuracy of four or fewer digits for selected values of dimensionless storage coefficient versus dimensionless time. Some researchers have fitted the tabulated values with interpolation formulas that are easy to use in engineering applications. Those formulas may be more accurate if the tabulated values are computed with greater accuracy. In this study, we propose an efficient numerical procedure, including a root search scheme, to find the roots of the integrand, Gaussian quadrature for numerical integration, and Shanks transform to accelerate convergence of infinite series. The proposed procedure can evaluate the dimensionless drawdown with greater accuracy and is useful in practice if there is a need for high accuracy for the observation either at the well or in the aquifer at some distance from the pumping well

Editor D. Koutsoyiannis

Citation Chang, Y.C., Yeh, H.D., and Wang, C.T., 2013. Improvement on the estimation of constant-rate drawdown in large-diameter wells. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 58 (3), 716–727.     

Horizontal rough fracture type curves for groundwater movement

Abstract

Type curves are derived analytically for radial flow in rough horizontal fractures toward a well. The basic assumptions are that there is no turbulent flow near the borehole and the well storage is ignored. The basis of the methodology is to write explicit expressions for the continuity and cubic law flow equations, which are combined using a Boltzmann transformation leading to a simple ordinary differential equation for groundwater movement. Solutions are presented as a set of type curves for different fracture apertures. It is observed that the solutions provide a method of uniquely identifying fracture hydraulic parameters when the fracture is smooth, but pose ambiguity for rough fracture parameter estimations. However, large time portions of these type curves appear as straight lines on semi-logarithmic paper, which provides a unique way for rough fracture parameter determination. Identification of the fracture parameters, namely, the aperture and relative roughness, is possible in a unique manner with the use of these lines and the dimensionless time drawdown concept. The cubic law is the asymptotic behaviour, either for large times or large fracture apertures. Prior to this asymptotic part, there is a non-cubic portion which gives rise to systematic deviations from the cubic law. The technique presented is useful, especially for evaluating pumping tests from a single major fracture isolated by packers.     

基岩水井水力分段压裂增水技术研究与应用

随着我国社会、经济的快速发展和人民生活水平的不断提高,水资源供需矛盾日益突出。特别近几年,我国西南、西北、华北等许多地区发生持续干旱,当地的人畜用水极度困难。抗旱找水打井工作十分迫切。针对我国基岩水井取水存在部分水井出水量偏低的状况,从基于水井压裂机理、压裂液、压裂工艺等方面开展了分段压裂增水技术研究工作,并进行了试验。成功探索出一套适合我国国情的水文水井用水力压裂技术,为我国合理开发和利用地下水资源,缓解基岩山区水资源紧张提供了技术支撑。     

美国地下灌注井分类与管理法规介绍

经过几十年的探索与实践,地下灌注在美国已成为一种成熟、经济和有效技术,被广泛地应用于工农业废物处置与民用污水处理及油气开发。按灌注液体的性质与注入位置,美国地下灌注井分为六类。本文较为详细地介绍了每类灌注井的结构、灌注液体性质、作用及应用领域,随后简要介绍了这些灌注井的管理法规与技术要求,希望对我国地下灌注技术的发展与规范化管理提供一些参考。     

“井水不犯河水”水文地质学含义初步探讨

利用水化学及同位素水文地质学的方法,对密云水库、潮白河及位于潮白河边的2个地下水分层专门监测井进行取样测试,并结合收集相关资料,从水位、水质及氚、氘、氧-18等同位素方面进行分析研究,对中国古语“井水不犯河水”的水文地质学方面的含义进行了一定的微观层次的分析探讨.得出研究点处潮白河水对50 m外的25 m深的浅井井水有...