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The lack of correspondence between traditional economic development measures, such as GNP per capita, and human welfare measures, such as the PQLI, has been well documented in the literature. We devised and analyzed an economic development-welfare disparity measure, and found considerable geographic variability, with actual levels of human welfare much less than expected in many Middle Eastern and African countries, given the level of economic development. Exploratory correlation and regression analysis revealed that inequalities in the distribution of economic power and governmental expenditures contributed to the geographic variability. More importantly, each region improved its standing on the development-welfare disparity measure when relevant factors were controlled via multivariate regression. 相似文献
83.
广州信息密集服务业的空间发展及其对城市地域结构的影响 总被引:27,自引:0,他引:27
采用第三产业普查资料,深入分析了改革开放以来广州信息密集服务业的发展水平,空间发展特征和原因及其对城市地域结构的影响,揭示了信息密集服务业发展与城市地域运动的关系。 相似文献
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Hung Tran Daisuke Uchihama Shiro Ochi Yoshifumi Yasuoka 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2006
This study focuses on using remote sensing for comparative assessment of surface urban heat island (UHI) in 18 mega cities in both temperate and tropical climate regions. Least-clouded day- and night-scenes of TERRA/MODIS acquired between 2001 and 2003 were selected to generate land-surface temperature (LST) maps. Spatial patterns of UHIs for each city were examined over its diurnal cycle and seasonal variations. A Gaussian approximation was applied in order to quantify spatial extents and magnitude of individual UHIs for inter-city comparison. To reveal relationship of UHIs with surface properties, UHI patterns were analyzed in association with urban vegetation covers and surface energy fluxes derived from high-resolution Landsat ETM+ data. This study provides a generalized picture on the UHI phenomena in the Asian region and the findings can be used to guide further study integrating satellite high-resolution thermal data with land-surface modeling and meso-scale climatic modeling in order to understand impacts of urbanization on local climate in Asia. 相似文献
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本文结合作者目前所从事的城镇地籍数据库建设工作的相关经验,论述了城镇地籍数据库建设面临数据不断更新的需求,并基于城镇地籍管理信息系统,提出了一整套具有实际操作意义的城镇地籍数据更新、数据监理、数据入库模块的设计方案。 相似文献
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运用归一化光谱混合模型分析城市地表组成 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:7
运用归一化光谱混合分析(NSMA)方法,用ETM 数据调查广州市海珠区城市地表组成,采用亮度标准化方法减小亮度变化。通过标准化,使亮度差异在每个植被-非渗透性表面-土壤-水体(V-I-S-W)组成中减小或者消除,这样使得一个单一的端元能够代表一种地表组分。在此基础上,通过归一化影像,选择了植被、非渗透性表面、土壤和水体4种端元,运用一种约束光谱混合分析(SMA)模型,分解了不同种类的城市地表组成。通过与已有模型计算结果比较,认为本文所构建的模型较优,其对研究区非渗透性表面估计的均方根误差为12.6%。 相似文献
90.
The apportionment of atmospheric aerosols undertaken in Northern France during two sampling campaigns allowed to determine the influence of the atmospheric contribution of a heavy industrialized urban center on the particulate matter composition at a nearby rural site. The concentrations of major components and trace elements sampled by bulk filtration have been determined on June–July 2000 and January–February 2001, and the comparison of these two campaigns shows very well the importance of wind directions. The sources of 10 trace elements (Al, Ba, Cu, Fe, K, Mn, Pb, Sr, Ti and Zn) and 7 major components (Cl−, NO3−, SO42−, NH4+, Na, Mg and Ca) are better identified by studying their elemental contribution at each sampling site according to wind sectors. This kind of study shows that the concentrations recorded at the urban sampling site are always higher than those observed at the rural site as well during the summer campaign (about + 35%) as during the winter campaign (+ 90%), because of the predominance of the W–NW wind sector, corresponding to the influence of the urban and industrialized areas. 相似文献