黑石—大山盆地赋煤特征初步探讨

通过收集整理物探、钻探资料,分析了黑石—大山盆地煤层赋存规律,认为在盆地的斜坡地带煤层赋存较好,总结出含煤岩系及煤层的变化规律,指出下一步找煤方向——在黑石东—塔拉站区域及官地镇—大山林场区域。     

青藏高原云的研究进展

青藏高原东侧九龙地区是西南涡多发区,利用该地区新型探测设备开展云探测,有助于增强对西南涡多发区云特征的认识。利用2018—2019年6—8月九龙站地基微波辐射计资料,分析了该地区夏季非降水云的出现率、液态水路径及过冷水路径的观测特征。结果表明：九龙夏季非降水云出现率月均值在67%~82%之间,以低云和中云为主,高云较少;低云出现率表现为白天低、夜间高,而中云和高云则相反;云出现率的垂直分布表现为单峰形态,在约2 km高度存在云出现率峰值8.1%;受大气热力层结日变化影响,云出现率的单峰垂直分布呈现日夜差异。另外,九龙夏季非降水云的液态水路径均值为0.433 kg·m^-2,其中低云、中云、高云的液态水路径均值分别为0.665、0.240、0.102 kg·m^-2;低云的液态水路径日变化特征与其出现率相似,而中云和高云的液态水路径日变化特征不明显。此外,九龙夏季非降水云中冷云的过冷水路径均值为0.154 kg·m^-2,其中低云、中云、高云的过冷水路径均值分别为0.065、0.166、0.102 kg·m^-2;总体上过冷水路径在液态水路径中的占比约为34.3%~38.8%,过冷水路径占比随云的高度而增大,这使得中云和高云的过冷水路径日变化与其液态水路径相似。与同纬度华中地区相比,九龙夏季非降水云具有明显不同的特征,这与两地之间的大气水汽特征差异密切相关。

     

Mineral occurrence for Dachang gold deposit and its impact on gold recovery rate in Qumarleb County,Qinghai

Based on X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy analysis of the Dachang gold ore, it is showed that the sulfide of ore is the main carrier minerals of gold. A majority of gold is embedded in pyrite and tetrahedrite as the form of inclusion and a small amount intergrowth with pyrite and gangue mineral, occasionally the presence is in form of monomer natural gold. The main factors which influence the recovery rate are sulfide mineral particle size, and the fine grained sulfide is beneficial for the dissociation and flotation of gold bearing minerals. The monomer dissociation degree of gold bearing minerals can reach 91.3% , when the grinding fineness is less than 0. 074 mm and grain level accounts as 80%. It is not conducive to the flotation of sulfide if the grinding fineness is low or high. It is difficult to completely dissociate the monomer if there is a small amount of pyrite and arsenopyrite in the ore. Therefore, before leaching the gold, it must conduct pretreatment to reach the ideal recovery rate of the gold, like roasting oxidation, pressure oxidation and biological oxidation. The fine microscopic gold has little influence on the gold recovery rate.     

基于幂函数法则对放牧梯度上种群空间异质性的定量分析

 在呼伦贝尔草原的克氏针茅群落选择轻牧、中牧、重牧3个不同的放牧梯度,沿着50 m样线设置100个50 cm×50 cm的L型样方,每个L型样方内划分4个25 cm×25 cm的S型样方,以物种出现的频度（p）作为植被空间分布的观测指标,采用幂函数法则对放牧梯度上草原植物群落物种的空间异质性进行了定量研究。结果表明,在不同放牧强度下,种类结构发生明显改变,轻度放牧区羊草和星状刺骨藜、中度放牧区藜和糙隐子草、重度放牧区猪毛菜和多根葱具有高的出现频度,群落物种数随着放牧压力的增大而减小。整体来看,放牧梯度上物种的空间分布呈现明显的聚集分布,物种空间异质性（δi）随着放牧强度的增大而增加,拟合于幂函数规律曲线;群落的空间异质性（δc）随着轻牧-中牧-重牧放牧演替的进展呈现降低趋势,种群个体分布呈现片断化特征。在群落内部各个种群具有不同的异质化分布特点,物种结构主要表现出密集型种群和疏散型种群两大类型。这些趋势与种群的繁殖策略、生活史对策、群落的再生产策略等生理与生态特性密切相关。     

鄂尔多斯盆地南部延长组富铀凝灰岩地球化学特征及形成机制

本文系统地研究了鄂尔多斯盆地南部延长组凝灰岩元素和同位素地球化学特征。结果表明：凝灰岩主量元素具有高K、高Al、Si中等至高、低Na的特征; REE总体特征为轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损,∑REE在4857～40212 μg/g 之间变化,Eu呈现出负异常,在034～082内变化,δCe范围在080～208之间; 微量元素中U含量在312～144 μg/g 之间,Ba、U、Th、Hf和Ce呈明显正异常,Nb、P、Ti和Rb呈现负异常。详细的分析表明：U的富集和一些微量元素如Ta、Dy、Lu等相关,Th与∑REE存在明显的正相关性,这些变化可能和盆地中铀矿的富集有关; 凝灰岩的硫同位素总体呈现深源特征。根据以上的研究对凝灰岩的形成原因及形成环境进行了探讨。鄂尔多斯盆地南部延长组凝灰岩来源于秦岭造山带火山作用,其中的铀元素富集是由于砂岩型铀矿中铀向凝灰岩迁移而被还原所致。本研究对盆地砂岩型铀矿的铀运移和富集机理认识具有一定指导意义。     

河北中关矽卡岩铁矿床钴元素分布规律与沉淀机制研究及意义

河北中关铁矿是“邯邢式”矽卡岩铁矿的代表矿床,本文将中关铁矿床成矿过程划分为5个阶段：干矽卡岩阶段、湿矽卡岩阶段、氧化物阶段、铁铜硫化物阶段和铅锌硫化物阶段。对湿矽卡岩阶段、氧化物阶段和铁铜硫化物阶段的金属矿物（包括黄铁矿、磁铁矿、赤铁矿等）开展电子探针测试,并且对这三个成矿阶段的代表性磁铁矿进行LA-ICP-MS微量元素测试,旨在查明中关铁矿床中Co的赋存状态以及在矿床不同成矿阶段的分布规律,探讨Co元素迁移演化-沉淀机制。研究结果表明,Co主要以类质同象的形式存在于黄铁矿中。不同成矿阶段的Co元素分布不均匀,氧化物阶段黄铁矿和磁铁矿中的Co含量最高,分别为0.12%~1.39%、41×10-6~76×10-6;铁铜硫化物阶段黄铁矿大量出现,且Co含量相对较高,为BDL~0.45%,同时期条带状磁铁矿为32×10-6~71×10-6,故此阶段为Co元素最主要的富集阶段。湿矽卡岩阶段为较高温、弱氧化条件,氧化物阶段温度逐渐降低,氧逸度增加,Co可能主要以CoCl42?形式络合迁移;铁铜硫化物阶段温度进一步降低,但还原性增加,Co可能主要以CoCl42?和Co(HS)+形式络合迁移。温度降低以及氧化还原条件的变化可能是控制Co沉淀的重要因素。     

Range expansion and potential distribution of the invasive grass Bromus tectorum in southern South America on the base of herbarium records

We reconstructed the invasion history and modelled the potential distribution of the invasive grass Bromus tectorum in southern South America. On the base of herbarium data, we described two aspects of B. tectorum's range expansion over time: area of occupancy and extent of occurrence. A maximum entropy model was used to identify both climatic variables associated with B. tectorum's current distribution and potentially invasible areas. The area-of-occupancy curve showed a steady increase of the occupied area since the first collection in 1937, with no obvious asymptote. However, the extent-of-occurrence curve indicated that range expansion was not homogeneous through time, but faster between 1965 and 1980. Most invasible areas were arid and semiarid with markedly Mediterranean precipitation regime. Within this susceptible region, there were large areas containing only a few known records of B. tectorum. Our results indicate that B. tectorum has successfully expanded over much of southern South America. In addition, there seems to be room for further local invasion (i.e. an increase of its area of occupancy) over large susceptible areas within the invaded region. Overall, our results confirm the suitability of southern South America's arid environments to B. tectorum invasion, and stress the importance of long-distance dispersal in accelerating its expansion across the region.     

应用GIS进行铀矿预测的初步设想

地理信息系统（GIS）是一门新兴边缘学科。本文简要介绍了MAPGIS的基本组成和用MAPGIS进行铀矿预测的显著优点、资料需求和主要步骤;指出在工作程度高、地质勘探资料丰富的铀成矿区用MAPGIS进行成矿预测具有较好的发展前途。     

高温铀物种形成(Speciation)的热力学数据

本文依据C.M.Criss和J.W.Cobble的“离子熵对应原理”,对1978年D.Langmuir给出的铀物种形成常温热力学数据进行了高温值的处理,得出了一套较全面而系统的高温热力学参数,以供参考使用。     

西藏马攸木金矿床金银互化物的赋存状态

马攸木金矿床是西藏近年发现的首例规模较大、矿石品位富、金成色高的岩金矿床.作者通过对马攸木金矿床矿石组构、矿石共生组合及矿物特征研究发现,金银互化物主要有自然金、含银自然金、银金矿、自然银.载金矿物为黝铜矿、针铁矿、脆硫锑铅矿及石英;金银互化物的赋存形式主要为包裹体金、裂隙金及粒间金.金银互化物的形成、富集与热液成矿作用及表生风化作用关系密切.