湖南湘潭锰矿的地球化学特征及成矿机制

湘潭锰矿床的锰矿层赋存于新元古代南华系(成冰系)大塘坡组底部含锰黑色页岩中,含锰矿物主要为菱锰矿。湘潭锰矿的Fe/Mn值低,Th/U、V/(V+Ni)和V/Cr值等地球化学指标显示其发育在氧化-次氧化的沉积环境中,暗示菱锰矿并不是由Mn~(2+)和CO_3~(2-)直接沉淀形成的。湘潭锰矿稀土元素含量高,稀土元素配分模式存在轻微的中稀土元素富集,具有明显的Ce正异常,这些特征指示湘潭锰矿含锰矿物是以锰氧化物或氢氧化物的形式沉淀的。同时,锰矿的碳同位素富集碳的轻同位素,说明有机物参与了菱锰矿的形成过程。综合分析表明,湘潭锰矿成矿过程可以分为沉淀和转化两个阶段:在氧化性的水体中,Mn以氧化物或氢氧化物的形式沉淀;在缺氧且富含有机物质的成岩环境中,Mn氧化物或氢氧化物被有机物还原而转化生成菱锰矿。这与华南地区其他几个典型的大塘坡式锰矿的成矿机制一致。     

黑龙江省嫩江县三矿沟铁铜矿床矿石特征及意义

三矿沟矿床位于黑龙江省嫩江县多宝山矿集区西北部,为小型矽卡岩型铁铜矿床。在野外地质调查与ICP_MS测试的基础上,通过显微观察、扫描电镜与电镜能谱分析,对三矿沟矿床的矿石特征进行了研究。在矿石中新识别出钨铁矿、白钨矿、锡石、自然铋、碲铋矿、辉铋矿、硫铜铋矿、硫铋铜矿、碲银矿、银金矿、金银矿、自然金,钴黄铁矿、辉砷钴矿、含锌硫砷铜矿等金属矿物。矿石有用金属元素为Cu、Fe、Zn、W、Co、In、Bi,建议对这些元素展开进一步的研究,并在开采时进行综合评价。详细的矿石镜下研究结果显示,矿床形成过程分为内生成矿期与表生期,其中内生成矿期分为干矽卡岩阶段、湿矽卡岩阶段、氧化物阶段(主要的铁矿化阶段)和低热液-硫化物阶段这4个阶段(主要的铜矿化阶段),表生期只包含表生阶段。其中铁矿化形成于高温阶段,铜矿化系中温热液交代形成。     

新疆西天山铁木里克铁矿床火山岩锆石U-Pb年代学、岩石地球化学特征及地质意义

铁木里克铁矿位于西天山阿吾拉勒铁铜成矿带中段,矿床围岩为一套以粗面安山岩、安山岩和流纹岩为主的连续变化的中酸性火山岩。本文通过对铁木里克铁矿床火山岩进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,并且结合Hf同位素和岩石地球化学研究,对火山岩的形成时代以及大地构造背景进行探讨。锆石LA-ICP-MS测年结果显示,粗面安山岩、安山岩以及流纹岩的测年结果分别是318.8±2.3Ma、320.8±2.5Ma和319.1±3.5Ma。地球化学分析表明该套火山岩属于高钾钙碱性-钾玄岩系列,富集轻稀土元素(LREE)和大离子亲石元素(LILE;如Rb、Th、K),重稀土元素(HREE)配分平坦,同时具有Nb、Ta的强烈亏损,具有明显的岛弧火山岩地球化学特征。在火山岩的大地构造判别图解上,样品点都落在了大陆弧部分。锆石的Hf同位素显示εHf(t)具有一致的变化范围(+6.2~+12.0),指示火山岩具有相同的岩浆来源,都是来源于早古生代新生陆壳的重熔,形成于相同的构造岩浆背景下。结合区域地质资料,本文认为铁木里克铁矿床出露的这套高钾钙碱性-钾玄岩系列火山岩可能是南天山洋闭合末期到陆陆碰撞早期大陆弧岩浆作用的产物。     

钦-杭成矿带东段村前含矿斑岩地球化学特征及其构造环境与成矿意义

村前铜多金属矿床位于钦杭成矿带东段,为一具有矽卡岩型矿化和斑岩型矿化的铜多金属矿床,含矿岩体为燕山早期花岗闪长斑岩,岩石具有富硅、富铝、富碱的特点,属于偏铝-过铝质钙碱性花岗岩类。岩体具有从深部向浅部蚀变增强,大部分组分活动性不明显,而成矿元素Cu-Mo-Fe-Pb-Zn-Au-Ag含量明显增加,Na2O、Sr含量降低,REE元素除Eu少量丢失外,其余均呈一致的迁入特征。岩体属Ⅰ型花岗质岩石,由具角闪石+石榴子石残留相的火成岩部分熔融形成的熔浆,混合或混染了地壳重熔型岩浆上侵就位而成。钦杭结合带东段,燕山期中酸性岩浆活动具有从176~150Ma的埃达克岩或具岛弧花岗岩特征的Ⅰ型花岗岩,至150~140Ma的S型花岗岩,向140~110Ma的A型花岗岩演化趋势,显示了地壳由厚减薄的过程,暗示其大地构造背景为岩石圈的伸展减薄环境,而形成于169.3±1.1Ma的村前斑岩体正处于伸展阶段早期。综合岩体成矿特征表明,钦杭成矿带东段及邻近地区,176~160Ma主要形成与Ⅰ型花岗质岩石有关的以Cu为主的多金属矿床;160~150Ma主要形成与Ⅰ型花岗质岩石有关的Cu-Mo矿床与W-Sn矿床;150~140Ma主要形成与S型花岗质岩石有关的以W-Sn-Mo为主的多金属矿床,以及以Ag-Pb-Zn为主的多金属矿床;140~110Ma主要形成与A型花岗质岩石有关的以W-Sn-Mo为主的多金属矿床,少量与Ⅰ型花岗质岩石有关的Pb-Zn矿床。     

Geochemical characteristics of the Paleogene shales in the Dongying depression,eastern China

Fluctuations in lacustrine sedimentary environments significantly affect distributions of organic matter (OM), uranium, and other elements in shales. In this study a high-resolution geochemical record of fluctuations in the paleo-depositional environment of a terrestrial lake basin is provided on the basis of extensive samples collected from the Member 3 of the Paleogene Shahejie Formation (Es₃) of the Niu-38 well in the Dongying Depression, Eastern China. These samples were tested for total organic carbon (TOC), element concentrations, and biomarkers to study the evolution and fluctuation in the depositional environments of an ancient lake basin and associated geochemical response. The evolution and fluctuation of the sedimentary environment from a deep lake to a semi-deep lake and then to a shallow lake delta were indicated by geochemical response. During this evolution, the values of TOC, S₁, S₂, Sr, and Ts/(Ts + Tm) remarkably decreased, whereas those of Co, Ni, Rb, Na, Fe/Mn, Fe/(Ca + Mg), and C₂₉ mortane/C₂₉ hopane significantly increased. The deep lake basin shows depositional fluctuations, as indicated by rock lithofacies and their geochemical parameters. A close interrelationship was observed among U concentration, TOC content, and inorganic element content. Uranium concentrations are positively correlated with TOC contents, Ca and Sr concentrations, and Sr/Ba and Ca/Mg ratios but negatively with K, Na, Ba, and Rb contents and Fe/(Ca + Mg) and Fe/Mn ratios. The observed increase in U concentration in the lower Es₃ section is closely related to surface adsorption by clay minerals and OM, together with some replacements of Ca and Sr by U in the shales.     

招平断裂带留仙庄空白区成矿远景预测

留仙庄空白区位于招(远)-平(度)断裂带中南段,道北庄子金矿东侧。招平带中南段已发现大、中型金矿3处,由南向北依次为夏甸、姜家窑、道北庄子金矿。通过收集分析已知金矿床最新矿床地质特征及成矿规律,总结招平断裂带中南段矿体控矿围岩、控矿构造、矿体赋存的基本规律,对留仙庄空白区进行远景预测,认为该区找矿潜力巨大。     

内蒙古北山额勒根乌兰乌拉一带土壤测量地球化学特征及找矿方向

研究区位于内蒙古北山北带,成矿地质条件优越,1∶20万水系沉积物测量异常明显,且分布有额勒根乌兰乌拉斑岩型钼(铜)矿。以1∶5万土壤地球化学测量成果为依据,以地质认识为基础,研究了区内元素地球化学数据特征、地球化学场特征及综合异常特征。认为区内主成矿元素为Mo、Cu、Au,主要的控矿层位为咸水湖组火山岩段,成矿有利侵入体为石炭纪花岗闪长岩。划分出5种综合异常类型,其中与斑岩钼(铜)矿系统有关的综合异常和与奥陶系建造有关的综合异常是今后解剖找矿的重点。     

Metallogeny of the Baiyangping Lead‐Zinc Polymetallic Ore Concentration Area,Northern Lanping Basin of Yunnan Province,China

The Lanping Basin in the Nujiang‐Lancangjiang‐Jinshajiang (the Sanjiang) area of northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau is an important part of eastern Tethyan metallogenic domain. This basin hosts a number of large unique sediment‐hosted Pb‐Zn polymetallic deposits or ore districts, such as the Baiyangping ore concentration area which is one of the representative ore district. The Baiyangping ore concentration area can be divided into the east and west ore belts, which were formed in a folded tectogene of the India‐Asia continental collisional setting and was controlled by a large reverse fault. Field observations reveal that the Mesozoic and Cenozoic sedimentary strata were outcropped in the mining area, and that the orebodies are obviously controlled by faults and hosted in sandstone and carbonate rocks. However, the ore‐forming elements in the east ore belt are mainly Pb‐Zn‐Sr‐Ag, while Pb‐Zn‐Ag‐Cu‐Co elements are dominant in the west ore belt. Comparative analysis of the C‐O‐Sr‐S‐Pb isotopic compositions suggest that both ore belts had a homogeneous carbon source, and the carbon in hydrothermal calcite is derived from the dissolution of carbonate rock strata; the ore‐forming fluids were originated from formation water and precipitate water, which belonged to basin brine fluid system; sulfur was from organic thermal chemical sulfate reduction and biological sulfate reduction; the metal mineralization material was from sedimentary strata and basement, but the difference of the material source of the basement and the strata and the superimposed mineralization of the west ore belt resulted in the difference of metallogenic elements between the eastern and western metallogenic belts. The Pb‐Zn mineralization age of both ore belts was contemporary and formed in the same metallogenetic event. Both thrust formed at the same time and occurred at the Early Oligocene, which is consistent with the age constrained by field geological relationship.     

中国南部及邻区能源资源成矿区带数据集

能源矿产是国家安全和经济发展的战略资源,加强我国及周边地区油气和煤等能源资源的研究和开发利用意义重大。依据板块构造和大陆动力学以及油气与煤成藏地质学理论,以深部构造控制盆—山发育、盆—山耦合和热动力系统控制成矿的研究工作思路,应用70个油气田、471个煤田的基础地质资料,从沉积盆地发育的区域地质特征、成矿地质条件和成矿单元诸多方面,在地理信息系统（GIS）平台上提示了该区板块构造格局与能源资源的时空分布规律。中国南部及邻区能源资源可划分为3个成矿域,每个成矿域又可进一步划分为成矿省、含矿区（盆地）、矿田聚集区带、矿田（油气田）五个级别的成矿区域。数据集由构造带（断裂带和造山带）类型和时代、盆地类型和时代、能源矿产资源类型和丰度、成矿区带等元数据组成。该数据集是在区域大地构造研究的基础上,结合沉积盆地能源矿产（石油、天然气、煤）资源评价资料,综合分析成矿区带特征,利用地理信息系统（GIS）建立的一套完整的数据库,不仅是对中国南部及邻区区域地质认识和沉积盆地能源资源勘查工作成果的集成,而且为国家科学地引导地质找矿工作部署提供理论基础。     

塔里木陆块西北缘萨热克砂岩型铜矿床构造-流体演化对成矿的制约

塔里木陆块西北缘萨热克砂岩型铜矿床构造演化、流体演化与成矿之间具有密切关系,处于一个统一系统中。矿床成岩期方解石中包裹体水的δD值为-65.3‰~-99.2‰,改造成矿期石英包裹体水的δD值为-77.7‰~-96.3‰,成岩成矿期成矿流体δ~(18)OH_2O变化范围为-3.22‰~1.84‰,改造成矿期成矿流体δ~(18)OH_2O变化范围为-4.26‰~5.14‰,指示萨热克铜矿成岩期、改造期成矿流体主要为中生代大气降水及其经水岩作用而成的盆地卤水。矿石中辉铜矿δ~(34)S值为-24.7‰~-15.4‰,指示硫主要源自硫酸盐细菌与有机质还原,部分源于有机硫。构造与成矿流体演化对砂岩铜矿成矿起关键制约作用。盆地发展早期强烈的抬升运动使盆地周缘基底与古生界剥蚀,为富铜矿源层的形成提供了丰富物源,至晚侏罗世盆地发展晚期,长期演化积聚的巨量含矿流体在库孜贡苏组砾岩胶结物及裂隙中富集,在萨热克巴依盆地内形成具有经济意义的砂岩型铜矿床。