Geochronology of Gold Deposits and Its Implication for Metallogenesis in the Fengxian-Lixian Area, Qinling Orogenic Belt, China

Abstract: A series of super large‐scale and large‐scale Pb and Zn, and Au deposits are distributed in the Qinling orogenic belt, China. Gold deposits were generally ascribed to Carlin‐type originated from circular meteoric water. Visible and coarse‐grained gold (up to over 3mm in grain size) was recently identified in some gold deposits in the Fengxian‐Lixian area, Qinling. Au‐bearing quartz lodes related to magmatism were discovered in the Xiaogouli gold deposit. Two types of Au‐bearing quartz veins, i.e., NW‐trending quartz veins and NE‐trending quartz veins cutting strata are widely present in the Baguamiao gold deposit. Both are spatially associated with each other. The former is generally snake–like, S‐shape or zigzag, which was resulted from plastic deformation by ductile shearing, being generally cut by the latter. The latter is generally linear with widely developed bleaching alteration zones in its adjacent wall rocks, which symbolizes the superimposition of brittle deformation and filling and metasomatism of magmatic hydrothermal solution in ductile shear zones after uplifting of the shear zones near the surface. The NW‐trending quartz veins contain Au of lower than 3ppm. The NE‐trending quartz veins contain Au of more than 3 ppm, so that NE‐trending quartz veins and the adjoining altered rocks are important ores. The NW‐trending Au–bearing quartz vein was dated as 210.61.26 to 232.581.59 Ma by ⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Ar method, i.e., late Indosinian epoch (Triassic). The NE‐trending Au–bearing quartz vein was dated as 131.910.89 to 197.451.13 Ma by ⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Ar method, i.e., Yanshanian epoch (Jurassic). The ⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Ar age of the NW‐trending Au–bearing quartz veins represents the age of the ductile shear formation. The isotope data of the NE‐trending quartz veins indicate that gold mineralization was closely related to Indosinian and Yanshanian granite intrusives not only in time and space, but also in origin.     

埃达克岩及其成矿作用和相关问题的讨论

本文初步探讨了埃达克岩与相关大型矿床的关系，指出与埃达克岩浆有关的分异同化作用在一定条件下可以形成大型矿床；同时也强调了成矿后矿床保存的重要性。由于造山带的剥蚀速率快，导致和埃达克岩浆演化密切相关的形成于地壳浅部的大型斑岩矿床的保存有时限。因此在中国东部及“三北”地区中生代以前的造山带中，埃达克岩能否作为寻找相关大型矿床的标志值得商榷；但在新生代的西藏地区则是有可能的。近十年的研究认为中国东部侏罗纪—白垩纪的类似岩石并不属于埃达克岩系列，而是橄榄安粗岩及高钾钙碱性岩石系列。它们主要来源于富集地幔的部分熔融(不排除有下地壳物质混染的可能)及其后的结晶分异；一些中生代的斑岩型铜—金矿床和浅成低温热液矿床与此有关。     

内蒙古中部召河庙地区金矿成矿规律及找矿预测

总结了召河庙地区金矿的成矿规律，指出本区所发现的具一定规模的金矿（化）点在区域上主要集 分布于青灰窑子－大井－程二沟－东柜一线，矿体均为含金石英脉。容矿岩系为新太古代变质石英闪长岩、斜长岩花岗岩。成矿物质来源主要为古老的变质中基性深成侵入岩，即所谓广义的绿岩带。矿源岩中金物质的活化受深断裂作用、韧性剪切作用、退变质作用、变质流体以及岩浆热液的多重影响，其中以构造作用和岩浆热液最为重要。金矿的形成时期较长，主成矿时期在元古代。预测程二沟－白音查干－东柜一带为今后进一步寻找金矿的优选靶区。     

Cascaded Evolution of Mantle Plumes and Metallogenesis of Core- and Mantle-derived Elements

Mineral deposits are unevenly distributed in the Earth's crust, which is closely related to the formation and evolution of the Earth. In the early history of the Earth, controlled by the gravitational contraction and thermal expansion, lighter elements, such as radioactive, halogen-family, rare and rare earth elements and alkali metals, migrated upwards; whereas heavier elements, such as iron-family and platinum-family elements, base metals and noble metals, had a tendency of sinking to the Earth's core, so that the elements iron, nickel, gold and silver are mainly concentrated in the Earth's core. However, during the formation of the stratified structure of the Earth, the existence of temperature, pressure and viscosity differences inside and outside the Earth resulted in vertical material movement manifested mainly by cascaded evolution of mantle plumes in the Earth. The stratifications and vertical movement of the Earth were interdependent and constituted the motive force of the mantle-core movement.     

豫西南铅锌银矿集区深部构造与成矿作用

豫西南地区是我国中部重要的多金属成矿远景区，找矿前景巨大。本文中利用重力、航磁和深部地球物理剖面资料，解析研究区三维岩石圈结构，揭示深部构造特征，进而探讨深部成矿作用。结果表明，研究区莫霍面顶面形态基本上呈东高西低，地壳厚度由东向西增大。壳-幔结构的不均一性制约着成矿系统物质和能量的交换。矿集区位于幔向斜内，其地壳增厚处、莫霍面的梯度变化处或变形部位成矿强度大。幔背斜与幔向斜之间过渡带有走向超壳型深大断裂(如栾川断裂和朱阳关断裂)，其与次级断裂的交汇处，岩浆、变质与成矿作用十分强烈，深部通道为成矿物质来源提供了较好的成矿条件，因此是形成大型、超大型矿床的有利地段。     

略阳煎茶岭铜镍硫化物矿床Re—Os同位素年龄及其地质意义

采用矿石Re-Os同位素方法对陕西省煎茶岭硫化镍矿床矿石进行了成矿年代学研究,获得了878士27 Ma(1σ)的等时线年龄,首次厘定了该矿床成矿时代为新元古代,成岩成矿基本同时.通过对878 Ma硫化镍矿石初始Re-Os同位素体系的γOs计算和Re/Os值分析表明,其yOs和Re/Os值变化范围大,深部条带状矿石的Re/Os值仅为0.05,yOs为-6.70;块状矿石的Re/Os值范围为4.24～24.43,γOs为-15.37～+280.65,说明成矿过程中有壳源物质的混染;两件样品的γOs为负值(-15.37,-6.70),可能指示其超镁铁质岩浆来源于Re亏损地幔.煎茶岭超基性岩体年龄及其镍矿石的Re-Os等时线年龄与扬子克拉通北缘火山岩浆活动时间相对应,它们是扬子克拉通西北缘晋宁期构造岩浆成矿作用的产物.     

碎裂蚀变花岗岩型铀矿的赋矿岩石特征

本文着重论述了碎裂蚀变花岗岩型铀矿的赋矿岩石特征：即岩石原始铀含量高；岩石碎裂强度大；岩石蚀变强烈；岩石组分简单，有利于铀的浸出（有害元素含量低）。这些特征可以作为识别与寻找该类型铀矿床的岩石学依据。     

华东南中新生代伸展构造时空演化与铀矿化时空分在

本文运用大陆伸展构造理论，论述了华东南地区中新生代以来伸展构造的分布规律，分析了不同类型伸展构造的时空演化特点。在此基础上，应用华东南地区不同类型铀矿床已有的成矿年龄资料，研究了伸展构造活动与区域铀成矿作用之间的联系，不同类型伸展构造与不同类型铀矿床之间在空间分布和时间演化上的对应关系。认为伸展构造活动产生的有利构造环境是导致铀成矿作用产生的根本原因，伸展构造活动的脉动性及其相应的岩浆作用决定了铀成矿作用的多期多阶段性，不同地区伸展构造活动的先后决定了不同类型铀矿床成矿作用的时序和空间分布。文章最后认为，由于伸展构造活动对区域铀矿化的这种明显控制关系，本区不同类型铀矿化成矿机理具有统一性。     

滇、川、黔成矿区的铅锌矿源层（岩）

滇、川、黔铅锌成矿区的矿源层（岩）及其成矿作用，具多矿源层（岩）、多容矿层和多遮挡层共存的特点。矿源层（岩）改造成矿分海西晚期改造生成贫铅锌矿床和燕山期改造生成铅锌富矿床两个旋回，改造成矿的３个主因是：多条继承、发展了基底构造的深一道断层系统，峨眉山玄武岩浆上涌产生的高热能、喷气、矿质和广泛、多中心循环的热卤水，铅锌矿床为沉积─改造─后成成矿。     

622铀矿床与虎圩金矿床REE特征对比

本文通过赣杭火山岩带中的铀矿床和金矿床的ＲＥＥ特征对比，认为产铀矿和金矿的火山岩均属ＬＲＥＥ富集型，但前者明显铕亏损，铀矿石与金矿石ＲＥＥ特征差别大，前者ΣＲＥＥ和ＨＲＥＥ大大增高，铕强烈亏损，后者ΣＲＥＥ降低，铕呈弱异常或无异常．结合两矿床各自的矿化特征，认为成矿热液酸碱度等介质条件、围岩蚀变、副矿物种类、矿物共生组合、次生淋滤富集等因素是造成矿石ＲＥＥ特征的原因，ＲＥＥ贫富程度和分布模式可作为矿床评价因素．