藏北羌塘盆地晚三叠世地层特征与对比

羌塘盆地上三叠统日干配错组、土门各拉组和肖茶卡组、那底岗日组分别分布于南、北羌塘凹陷。在以往研究和笔者在中国地质调查局青藏重点沉积盆地油气资源潜力分析项目工作基础上,通过对各地层单元的详细研究和区域对比,从古生物、岩石组合、沉积系列、地层单元的接触关系、年代地层进行了综合分析。结果显示北羌塘凹陷那底岗日组与南羌塘凹陷日干配错组和土门各拉组的时代主要为晚三叠世诺利期—瑞替期,三者为羌塘晚三叠世诺利期—瑞替期裂陷盆地形成过程中的同期异相的火山-沉积系列。北羌塘凹陷肖茶卡组的是残留陆表海沉积产物,其时代主要为晚三叠世卡尼期-诺利期早期,与那底岗日组、日干配错组和土门各拉组均为上下对比关系。     

记广东南雄盆地上白垩统主田组鸟脚类足迹及中国已命名的大型鸟脚类足迹的属级新观察

记述了广东省南雄盆地上白垩统主田组3组恐龙行迹,由杨梅坑足迹点的足迹命名了南雄鸭嘴龙足迹（Hadrosauropodus nanxiongensis ichnosp. nov.）一新种;古市足迹点的足迹归入鸭嘴龙足迹一未定种（Hadrosauropodus isp.）。这是中国鸭嘴龙足迹属的首次描述,将该足迹的分布从北美拓展至中国,并为南雄盆地存在大型的鸭嘴龙提供了新的化石证据。还整理了中国已描述的大型鸟脚类足迹：中国足迹（Sinoichnites）被定为非正式的塑模标本;扬子足印（Yangtzepus）被归入兽脚类足迹;禽龙足迹（Iguanodonopus）被认为是裸名,归入禽龙足迹（Iguanodontipus）;嘉荫足迹（Jiayinosauropus）增加了新材料并得以具体描述;内乡足迹（Neixiang footprint）得以重新描述。     

一例和平永川龙（恐龙：兽脚类）肩胛骨骨折

记述了自贡地区的和平永川龙（和平中华盗龙）（Yangchuanosaurus(Sinraptor)hepingensis）ZDM 0024存在一断裂后愈合的肩胛骨,这是中国兽脚类病理学的首次详细记录。该肩胛骨有骨皮质不连续、成角畸形、骨痂形成,符合骨折后愈合的表现,而且从其病理特征看,病理性骨折的可能性很小,直接暴力所致骨折的可能性极大。还分析了同时期动物群中可能存在暴力施加者,拥有尾锤的合川马门溪龙（Mamenchisaurus hochuanensis）可能性最大,这为和平永川龙的骨折提供了一种有趣的解释。     

不确定度连续传递模型及其在化学测量中的应用

提出了一个较为新颖的化学测量中的数据处理模型——不确定度连续传递模型,并就此模型在应用上与以往的一些数据处理方法进行了比较。在不确定度计算、方法检出限计算、相对偏差允许限计算、实验室之间测量数据比对考核等方面均取得了满意的结果。     

终止压桩力及承载力标准值实测方法探求

需要多大的压桩力才能将桩压入设计预定的标高,获得最大的单桩承载力,这是工程上最实际、最有价值的问题之一。本文通过静力压桩及静载试验求取适合于工程实际情况的终止压桩力与单桩极限承载力的关系,并通过钢弦式应力计在预应力管桩中的应用,论述了由测应力计频率到求取单桩极限侧阻力标准值及极限端阻力标准值的过程和原理。     

基于强度折减系数法的基坑数值仿真分析

研究表明,由极限平衡法确定的滑动面、安全系数存在一定误差,强度折减法以弹塑性力学为基础,能准确给出真实稳定系数的下限。本文以武汉某基坑为例,以强度折减法为基础,采用flac软件进行数值仿真分析,提出了基坑支护的方法,经过工程验证,达到了预期的支护效果。     

地基承载力确定的一种方法

根据三轴和直剪试验的特点并以Mohr强度理论为基础建立了Mohr包线的曲线形式。基于弹性理论导出了条形地基在均布荷载作用下塑性区方程,根据方程可以确定临塑荷载及塑性区的范围。与基于直线型Mohr-Coulomb准则建立起来的塑性区方程相比,该方程能反映土体抗剪强度增长随正应力增加逐渐趋缓的特点。算例分析表明：按两种方法计算得出的临塑荷载相差不大,塑性区连成一片时的荷载也基本一致;两种方法得出的塑性区的形状极为相似;随荷载增加,塑性区向下发展的速度比按传统方法得出的结果稍慢。     

碧口古陆周边锰矿找矿分析

前震旦系碧口群,属四川古陆核西北缘,中新元古代发育的岛弧型建造,经晋宁运动碰撞拼贴,组成扬子地台的一部分,本身固结成为古陆。在其周边及东部成带分布了含锰岩系。目前各含锰矿带上的锰矿床,具体层位归属有蓟县纪、震旦纪、寒武纪等之不同认识。经分析研究认为,含锰岩系均属前震旦纪摩大岭复背斜褶皱带（即碧口古陆）之上的盖层型震旦寒武纪沉积,大致应为同一时代,即晚震旦世。由于各带所处地质构造背景、沉积环境的不同,锰矿特征明显有异,南含锰矿带临接扬子地台,为弱还原地质环境相对稳定,以优质锰矿类型为主;北含锰矿带紧邻秦岭地槽,凹陷较深为还原环境,以高磷锰矿为主。在该带含锰岩系的构造岩性有利部位,易形成风化淋积型锰矿床。故在寻找锰矿过程中,应区别对待,注意优质锰矿的辨认,并对本区锰矿找矿标志及找矿方向提出建议。     

High-resolution seismic tomography of the upper crust in the source region of the April 20, 2013 Lushan earthquake and its seismotectonic implications

Both P- and S-wave arrivals were collected for imaging upper crustal structures in the source region of the April 20, 2013 Lushan earthquake. High-resolution, three- dimensional P and S velocity models were constructed by travel-time tomography. Moreover, more than 3700 after- shocks of the Lushan earthquake were relocated via a grid search method. The P- and S-wave velocity images of the upper crust show largely similar characters, with high and low velocity anomalies, which mark the presence of sig- nificant lateral and vertical heterogeneity at the source region of the Lushan earthquake. The characteristics of the velocity anomalies also reflect the associated surface geo- logical tectonics in this region. The distributions of high velocity anomalies of both P- and S-waves to 18 km depth are consistent with the distributions of relocated after- shocks, suggesting that most of the ruptures were localized inside the high velocity region. In contrast, low P and S velocities were found in the surrounding regions without aftershocks, especially in the region to the northeast of the Lushan earthquake. For the relocated aftershocks of the Lushan earthquake from this study, we found that mostaftershocks were concentrated in a zone of about 40 km long and 20 km wide, and were located in the hanging wall of Dayi-Mingshan fault. The focal depths of aftershocks increase from the southeast to the northwest region in the direction perpendicular to the fault strike, suggesting that the fault ruptured at an approximate dip angle of 45°. The main depths of the aftershocks in the northwest of the main shock are significantly shallower than expected, revealing the different seismogenic conditions in the source region.     

Hydro-climatic trends in the Abay/Upper Blue Nile basin,Ethiopia

Trends of the three hydro-meteorological variables precipitation, temperature and stream flow, represented by 13, 12, and 9 gauging stations, respectively, within the Abay/Upper Blue Nile basin have been studied to support water management in the region. The Trends were evaluated over different time periods depending on data availability at the stations. The statistical Mann–Kendall and Pettitt tests have been used to assess trends and change points respectively. The tests have been applied to mean annual, monthly, seasonal, 1- and 7-days annual minimum and maximum values for streamflow, while mean annual, monthly and seasonal timescales were applied to meteorological variables. The results are heterogeneous and depict statistically significant increasing/decreasing trends. Besides, it showed significant abrupt change of point upward/downward shift for streamflow and temperature time series. However, precipitation time series did not show any statistically significant trends in mean annual and seasonal scales across the examined stations.Increasing trends in temperature at different weather stations for the mean annual, rainy, dry and small rainy seasons are apparent. The mean temperature at Bahir Dar – typical station in the Lake Tana sub basin, has been increasing at the rate of about 0.5 °C/decade, 0.3 °C/decade in rainy season (June–September), 0.6 °C/decade in small rainy season (March–May), and 0.6 °C/decade in dry season (October–February). Other stations in the Abay/Upper Blue Nile show comparable results. Overall it is found that trends and change point times varied considerably across the stations and catchment to catchment. Identified significant trends can help to make better planning decisions for water management. However, the cause attributes to the observed changes in hydro-meteorological variables need further research. In particular the combined effects of land use/land cover change and climate variability on streamflow of Abay/Blue Nile basin and its tributaries needs to be understood better.