桂西北上二叠统及下三叠统古岩溶不整合

文章描述了桂西北乐业、天峨等地区发现于上二叠统顶部、下三叠统顶部的 2个古岩溶不整合面 ,及其暴露、沉积间断特征 ,分析了它们的形成时代。通过这 2个I型层序界面的确认 ,讨论了其与地层划分对比、沉积环境及盆地分析、断裂的发育及与微粒型金矿的关系与意义。     

Numerical modelling of chloride propagation in the quaternary aquifer of the southern Upper Rhine Graben

The deep groundwater in the quaternary gravel sequence of the southern Upper Rhine Graben locally contains high chloride concentrations near the river Rhine between Fessenheim (France) in the South and Breisach (Germany) in the North. This historical pollution is mainly due to past infiltration from the former brine storage basins of the French potash mines on the Fessenheim Island and—to a lesser extent—from the leaching of the salt dumps of the German potash mines in Buggingen and Heitersheim. The spreading of the salt plume was investigated by means of a groundwater model. The aim of the model was to understand the brine movement, the present distribution of chloride as defined by recent hydrochemical investigations, and to select locations for new reconnaissance boreholes. The geological structure was reproduced by a three layer model, which was calibrated for steady state flow conditions. The hydraulic conductivity of the first layer was determined by comparing measured and calculated heads in the model area. The vertical resolution was refined to simulate the density-dependent salt transport processes. The transport of the salt plumes was simulated over a 40-year period, starting at the beginning of brine storage in the 1950s. The relevant transport parameters have been estimated in a sensitivity analysis, where the simulated breakthrough curves of chloride concentration have been compared with the measured data. The results of the groundwater model indicate that brines containing approximately 1 million tons of chloride are still present at the bottom of the aquifer. These highly concentrated salt brines mix with fresh water from the upper part of the aquifer. This dispersive process leads to the formation of a plume of chloride-rich water extending downstream, where pumping wells for several local water supplies are located.     

Dinoflagellate and foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the Gurpi Formation (upper Santonian–upper Maastrichtian), Zagros Mountains, Iran

A rich dinoflagellate cyst assemblage has been recovered from an outcrop of the Gurpi Formation, the hydrocarbon source rock in the South Iranian Basin. Key dinoflagellates recorded in the section studied provide a means of correlation with zonation schemes for Australasia and north-west Europe. These include Eucladinium kaikourense, Nelsoniella aceras, Odontochitina spp., Cannosphaeropsis utinensis, Palaeocystodinium denticulatum and Dinogymnium spp. The assemblage points to a late Santonian–late Maastrichtian age for the Gurpi Formation. Dinoflagellate and planktonic foraminiferal evidence indicates the presence of a hiatus spanning the uppermost Maastrichtian to at least the lowermost Danian at the base of a glaucony-rich layer separating the Gurpi Formation from the overlying Pabdeh Formation. Palynofacies and lithofacies profiles suggest that the sediments were deposited in an open, relatively deep marine outer ramp environment belonging to ramp facies 8 and 9.     

Mise en évidence d'un mécanisme de carbonatation secondaire dans le manteau supérieur du Languedoc

Lherzolite xenoliths with calcite-rich microgranular secondary aggregates (0.1–1 mm) have been sampled in a Messinian breccia pipe from the northeastern part of the Languedoc volcanic province (South France). Their study shows that the carbonate crystallized at low pressure from a silico-carbonated melt resulting from partial melting of diopside and spinel at depth. This melting has been induced by injection, shortly before the eruption, of CO₂ and H₂O-rich fluids, stored probably within the upper lithospheric mantle and reset in motion by the magma ascension. These fluids would derive from decarbonation of levels of deeper lithospheric mantle previously metasomatized by carbonatitic melts. To cite this article: J.-M. Dautria et al., C. R. Geoscience 338 (2006).     

Cyclicity in the nearshore marine to coastal, Lower Permian, Pebbley Beach Formation, southern Sydney Basin, Australia: a record of relative sea-level fluctuations at the close of the Late Palaeozoic Gondwanan ice age

The Lower Permian (Artinskian to Sakmarian) Pebbley Beach Formation (PBF) of the southernmost Sydney Basin in New South Wales, Australia, records sediment accumulation in shallow marine to coastal environments at the close of the Late Palaeozoic Gondwanan ice age. This paper presents a sequence stratigraphic re‐evaluation of the upper half of the unit based on the integration of sedimentology and ichnology. Ten facies are recognized, separated into two facies associations. Facies Association A (seven facies) comprises variably bioturbated siltstones and sandstones with marine body fossils, interpreted as recording sediment accumulation in open marine environments ranging from lower offshore to middle shoreface water depths. Evidence of deltaic influence is seen in several Association A facies. Facies Association B (three facies) comprises mainly heterolithic, interlaminated and thinly interbedded sandstone and siltstone with some thicker intervals of dark grey, organic‐rich mudstone, some units clearly filling incised channel forms. These facies are interpreted as the deposits of estuarine channels and basins. Throughout the upper half of the formation, erosion surfaces with several metres relief abruptly separate open marine facies of Association A (below) from estuarine facies of Association B (above). Vertical facies changes imply significant basinward shift of environment across these surfaces, and lowering of relative sea level in the order of 50 m. These surfaces can be traced over several kilometres along depositional strike, and are defined as sequence boundaries. On this basis, at least nine sequences have been recognized in the upper half of the formation, each of which is < 10 m thick, condensed, incomplete and top‐truncated. Sequences contain little if any record of the lowstand systems tract, a more substantial transgressive systems tract and a highstand systems tract that is erosionally truncated (or in some cases, missing). This distinctive stacking pattern (which suggests a dominance of retrogradation and progradation over aggradation) and the implied relative sea‐level drop across sequence boundaries of tens of metres are remarkably similar to some other studies of continental margin successions formed under the Neogene icehouse climatic regime. Accordingly, it is suggested that the stratigraphic architecture of the PBF was a result of an Icehouse climate regime characterized by repeated, high‐amplitude cycles of relative sea‐level change.     

浙江深部构造地球物理表征

本文讨论了莫霍面、居里面与深部构造的关系.认为居里面与莫霍面在埋深、范围、走向、位置等方面所表现的整体变化特征大致相同.这种相似性,反映了二者在成因上有一定的相关性.软流圈顶面展现出北(北)东走向拗、隆相间的格局.     

欧洲边境区合作模式探析——以上莱茵边境区为例

边境区研究是政治地理学的重要组成部分。经济全球化和区域集团化趋势为边境区合作创造了良好的机遇,边境区合作研究也日益成为区域经济学的一门新分支。欧洲国家通过其悠久的合作传统在边境区合作研究方面积累了丰富的理论和实践经验。在欧洲所有的边境区合作中,上莱茵地区一直被认为是最成功的案例。本文从上莱茵边境区合作的发展历史入手,着重分析其组织机构设置和运行经验,试图为我国边境区合作提供有益的启示。     

大兴安岭南段上二叠统林西组中的火山岩

上二叠统林西组灰绿色岩段中首次发现了喷发相火山熔岩，其岩石组合为安山岩-英安岩，为低Na2O、富FeO的钙碱性岩系，岩石化学和稀土元素特征明显不同于侵入于林西组的休罗纪脉岩。该套火山岩可能形成于陆内俯冲的构造环境，是西伯利亚古板块与中朝古板块在泥盆纪完成拼贴之后反复“挤压-松驰-再挤压”过程的末期阶段。同时，该火山岩组合中Sn、Pb、Zn等成矿元素含量比岩石圈背景值高出1～3个数量级。     

以酸性火山事件等时层γ曲线为标志进行石炭—二叠系煤岩层对比

著重介绍太原西山和晋东南石炭—二叠系上、下部煤岩组合所夹酸性火山事件等时层的 γ曲线特征 ,依此可将太原西山毛儿沟、庙沟灰岩与晋东南松窑沟灰岩对比 ,将太原西山东大窑灰岩与晋东南红矾沟灰岩对比 ,其上下煤层依 γ曲线和结构特征对比 ,太原西山山西组三尺炭与晋东南香煤对比。