内蒙古东北部上二叠统林西组沉积环境

在前人研究的基础上,应用地球化学方法,对内蒙古东北地区上二叠统林西组的沉积环境进行了研究。林西组的岩性为灰黑色泥岩、粉砂质泥岩、页岩,灰色泥质粉砂岩、细砂岩。通过常量元素、微量元素和稀土元素的分析,发现林西组砂泥岩样品整体具有高SiO2、Al2O3、V、Zr、Ba,低P2O5、Mn、CaO、Cd的特点;通过沉积环境判别指标的分析,确定林西组为开阔的淡水环境,主要为陆相沉积体系,在其沉积初期为海陆交互环境。同时根据沉积构造和岩性组合,将林西组进一步划分为滨浅湖、半深湖—深湖的湖泊沉积体系和三角洲前缘、前三角洲的三角洲沉积体系。     

内蒙古东北地区上古生界伊利石研究

内蒙古东北地区上古生界主要是一套泥质岩石,其详细深入的矿物学工作尚不多见.本文利用JSM-6700F场发射电镜及INCA能谱仪,探讨了伊利石在成岩.极低级变质作用过程中的行为.采用D/max-2500 X-射线衍射仪,研究了伊利石的结晶度、多型和b0值.伊利石结晶度变化于0.28～0.77,除去构造应力对伊利石结晶度指数值的影响,研究区伊利石结晶度指数应>0.34,反映晚古生代地层主体属于晚期成岩带和低级近变质带.伊利石(白云母)多型分三种类型,分别是1Md型、1Md+2M1混合型和2M1型,是晚期成岩带和低级近变质带的产物.伊利石(白云母)b0值变化于8.9892 ～9.0404 之间,b0平均值9.0196 ,属中压相.     

A New Theropod Dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic of Lufeng,Yunnan, China

A new theropod dinosaur, Shidaisaurus jinae gen. et sp. nov., has been described on the basis of an incomplete skeleton. The specimen was found near the base of the Upper Lufeng Formation (early Middle Jurassic) in Yunnan, China. It is the first theropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic of Yunnan. Shidaisaurus jinae is distinguishable from other Jurassic theropods by certain features from the braincase, axis, and pelvic girdle. The absence of any pleurocoels in the axis or in any anterior dorsal vertebrae suggests that the new Lufeng theropod is relatively primitive and more plesiomorphic than most of the Middle to Late Jurassic theropods from China. Most Chinese taxa of Jurassic theropod dinosaurs have not been well described; a further detailed study will be necessary for us to determine their phylogenetic relationships with Shidaisaurus jinae.     

青藏高原两类对流层顶频率的季节分布特征及其与同纬度地区的差异

基于1979~2014年ERA-Interim逐日再分析温度资料,依据温度递减率插值法,计算出北半球两类对流层顶(热带对流层顶和极地对流层顶)频率数据。对比分析了青藏高原与同纬度地区两类对流层顶频率在季节变化上的差异,并讨论了青藏高原两类对流层顶频率分布与高空温度的关系。结果表明:1)依据温度递减率插值法计算出的再分析两类对流层顶频率可以反映青藏高原两类对流层顶频率季节变化特征:热带对流层顶全年频率高,冷、暖季节差异不明显;极地对流层顶盛夏频率极低,冷、暖季节差异明显。与极地对流层顶频率相比,青藏高原热带对流层顶频率的可信度更高。2)青藏高原和同纬度地区热带(极地)对流层顶频率在暖季增加(减少),在冷季减少(增加)。相比同纬度地区,青藏高原热带(极地)对流层顶频率在冬季偏少(多),其他季节偏多(少)。青藏高原两类对流层顶频率等值线的梯度更大,表明青藏高原对流层顶更易断裂。3)青藏高原两类对流层顶频率与高空温度关系密切。青藏高原对流层中上层(平流层下部)温度升高(降低),有利于青藏高原热带对流层顶频率增加,极地对流层顶频率减少,反之亦然。     

综合物探剖面揭示松辽盆地基底地质与地球物理特征——以过松科二井剖面为例

松辽盆地是中国东北部中—新生代陆相沉积盆地,本文在深入分析东北地区古生代地层特征、沉积环境及构造演化基础之上,以过松科二井地区综合地球物理资料解译为基础,开展基底的属性和地球物理特征研究。松科二井南北剖面发现:布格重力异常具有中间高两边低的特点;磁异常呈现出与重力异常负相关的趋势;电性表现为浅部分层、高—低阻交叉重叠和深部分区的特征。东西剖面发现:布格重力异常具有西高东低的趋势;磁异常形态呈"碗状";电性结构与南北剖面相比深部出现了高阻异常。结合地球物理特征与岩相古地理分析,得到以下结论:(1)上古生界晚石炭世至晚二叠世期间,具有浅海相、陆相、河湖相多种沉积环境,相应岩性组合具有不同的物性特征;(2)重磁电地球物理特征揭示了研究区基底主要由泥砂岩、大理岩和侵入岩组成,基底顶面埋深位于7 km左右,上古生界和侵入岩共同组成了研究区基底;(3)识别出了滨州断裂带、孙吴—双辽断裂带、海伦—任民断裂带以及深层次断裂体系的位置和走向,断裂构造主要以SN和EW向为主,它们作为构成古生代构造骨架的重要组成部分,控制着深部油气运移和贮藏。     

Preservation of a heavily bored belemnite rostrum from the upper Maastrichtian of north-east Belgium

The robust calcite rostra (or guards) of belemnites were attractive substrates for some boring organisms in the Mesozoic. The rostra of belemnitellid coleoids are common at certain levels within the Gulpen and Maastricht formations of the extended type area of the Maastrichtian Stage (Upper Cretaceous) in the south-east Netherlands and north-east Belgium. A range of episkeletozoans have been reported from these substrates hitherto. A new specimen preserved as a natural mould in flint from the province of Liège, north-east Belgium, is distinctive, preserving a dense three-dimensional infestation of long, slender, unbranched and unsculptured borings of constant diameter, Trypanites? isp. These may be the spoor of polychaetes. Variations in diameter between borings suggests that the traces in this specimen may represent four separate infestations.     

Early burial mud diapirism and its impact on stratigraphic architecture in the Carboniferous of the Shannon Basin,County Clare,Ireland

Delta fronts are often characterized by high rates of sediment supply that result in unstable slopes and a wide variety of soft‐sediment deformation, including the formation of overpressured and mobile muds that may flow plastically during early burial, potentially forming mud diapirs. The coastal cliffs of County Clare, western Ireland, expose Pennsylvanian (Namurian) delta‐front deposits of the Shannon Basin at large scale and in three dimensions. These deposits include decametre‐scale, internally chaotic mudstone masses that clearly impact the surrounding sedimentary strata. Evidence indicates that these were true mud (unlithified sediment) diapirs that pierced overlying strata. This study documents a well‐exposed ca 20 m tall mud diapir and its impact on the surrounding mouth‐bar deposits of the Tullig Cyclothem. A synsedimentary fault and associated rollover dome, evident from stratal thicknesses and the dip of the beds, define one edge of the diapir. These features are interpreted as recording the reactive rise of the mud diapir in response to extensional faulting along its margin. Above the diapir, heterolithic sandstones and siltstones contain evidence for the creation of localized accommodation, suggesting synsedimentary filling, tilting and erosion of a shallow sag basin accommodated by the progressive collapse of the diapir. Two other diapirs are investigated using three‐dimensional models built from ‘structure from motion’ drone imagery. Both diapirs are interpreted to have grown predominantly through passive rise (downbuilding). Stratal relationships for all three diapirs indicate that they were uncompacted and fluid‐rich mud beds that became mobilized through soft‐sediment deformation during early burial (i.e. <50 m, likely <10 m depth). Each diapir locally controlled the stratigraphic architecture in the shallow subsurface and potentially influenced local palaeocurrents on the delta. The mud diapirs studied herein are distinct from deeper ‘shale diapirs’ that have been inferred from seismic sections worldwide, now largely disputed.     

宁夏红寺堡盆地地表沙漠化现状及其地质主控因素

以landsand-TM遥感影像资料提取为基础,详细解译了宁夏红寺堡盆地近30年来地表沙漠化的进程。进一步结合1:50000区域地质填图成果,系统建立了红寺堡盆地晚更新世区域地层对比格架,恢复了重要演化阶段的岩相古地理格局,地质与地球化学分析相结合,确立了区域沙漠化的物质来源。研究结果认为:1999年国家实施的西部生态移民战略使红寺堡盆地生态环境恶化得到了有效修复,区域沙漠化整体呈现出了稳中有降的变化趋势,但并未得到彻底的有效根治;地表沙丘沙脊的主体走向呈北西-南东向,与大罗山-牛首山构造带、烟筒山构造的主体走向基本一致,具有带状分布的格局;沙漠化物质来源主要受控于上更新统萨拉乌苏组三段湖退序列的疏松湖相砂,具有原地沙漠化的特征;地表风成沙与萨拉乌苏三段湖相砂在主量元素、微量元素和稀土元素特征上具有比较一致性的变化趋势,进一步说明了二者在成因上具有一定的亲源性。该研究成果对区域土地沙漠化的综合防治具有重要的现实指导意义。      

热异常酸洗作用与鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界长石消失事件

鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界煤系砂岩储层普遍具有低长石、溶蚀孔隙发育的特点,通过大量岩石薄片鉴定、X-射线衍射、扫描电镜、地层条件下高温高压真实砂岩岩芯的酸溶溶蚀实验等手段,结合鄂尔多斯盆地的构造、热演化史分析,研究了上古生界煤系地层中长石大面积消失事件的机理。认为早白垩世"热异常酸性流体酸洗地层事件"导致上古生界煤系地层中长石大面积溶蚀消失,形成广泛分布的次生溶蚀孔隙发育带,长石的分布与埋深无关,热演化程度的差异直接控制长石的消亡与否。据此,建立了鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界煤系地层成岩演化及长石溶蚀消失次生溶孔发育模式。     

Apatite fission track geochronology of the Southern Hunan province across the Shi-Hang Belt: insights into the Cenozoic dynamic topography of South China

The Shi-Hang Belt is a Mesozoic tectonic zone and has always been regarded as the boundary between the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks. It occupies a key tectonic location and attracts considerable attention due to its dynamic formation mechanism. However, its Cenozoic dynamic process is poorly constrained. The Cenozoic activation of the Shi-Hang Belt, as well as its cooling and exhumation, aids in dating the onset time of the formation of the mountain ranges and reveals the deformation process of the South China Block. To uncover the history of its Cenozoic cooling and denudation, apatite fission-track (AFT) thermochronology was applied to batholiths and strata spread across the Shi-Hang Belt in the Hunan Province. Twenty-three samples are dated with ages ranging from 23.6 ± 1.5 to 45.8 ± 3.0 Ma. Except for two older ages (42.1 ± 2.6 and 45.8 ± 3.0 Ma), the other ages range from 23 to 36 Ma with less variation on both sides of the Chenzhou–Linwu fault. The thermochronological modelling of 15 measured samples demonstrates that rocks rapidly passed through the AFT partial annealing zone to the near surface at different onset times from 36 to 23 Ma. The regional AFT cooling pattern is unrelated to the internal structures of the Shi-Hang Belt characterized by a Mesozoic fold-thrust feature. We attribute the Cenozoic exhumation of the Shi-Hang Belt to the dynamic topography of the South China Block, which is related to mantle downwellings and upwellings due to several episodes of quick subduction of the Pacific Plate underneath Eurasia during the Late Cretaceous–early Cenozoic and the Oligocene–early Miocene. The far-field effect of the India–Tibet collision may have contributed to the exhumation of the Shi-Hang Belt.