生物标志化合物特征在沉积环境分析中的应用——以额济纳旗芦草井地区中二叠统菊石滩组为例

额济纳旗芦草井中二叠统菊石滩组发育厚度较大的暗色泥岩,TOC含量平均值达0.5%,C29ααα-20R/（20S＋20R）与C29αββ/（αββ＋ααα）生物标志化合物参数表明该烃源岩处于成熟—高成熟阶段,有利于油气的生成。分析其沉积环境,了解有利烃源岩沉积相带展布,对额济纳旗及其邻区晚古生代石炭—二叠系裂谷（裂陷）盆地油气勘探具有重要的意义。根据研究区菊石滩组岩性组合特征、沉积特征和生物标志化合物特征,结合区域构造演化特征综合分析中二叠统沉积环境,通过分析甾烷C27、C28、C29纵向上相对百分含量分布特征和类异戊二烯烃姥鲛烷（Pr）和植烷（Ph）比值,建立其与沉积环境的关系,从而探讨生物标志化合物特征在沉积环境分析中的应用。     

Permian sequence stratigraphy of shallow water basin in Tarim Basin

Based on analysis of drilling, logging and field profile data, six sequence boundaries in Permian are identified in Bachu and azhong regions of Tarim Basin. All sequence boundaries are of type Ⅰ sequ...     

Palaeoenvironmental interpretation of Late Pleistocene-Holocene morphosedimentary record in the Valsalada saline wetlands (Central Ebro Basin, NE Spain)

This work presents a palaeoenvironmental interpretation of the Upper Pleistocene-Holocene sedimentary sequence recorded in the Valsalada saline wetland system (Monegros, Central Ebro Basin). This morphosedimentary system developed on karstified, gypsiferous bedrock and was mainly fed by local saline groundwater. Based on geomorphological, sedimentological, palynological and radiocarbon data, three depositional units have been differentiated: 1) a lacustrine unit, which accumulated under cold/cool and humid environmental conditions at 41-40 kyr cal BP, 2) a fluvial unit that was deposited under arid climatic conditions with cold episodic periods from 14 to 3.5 kyr cal BP, and 3) an alluvial slope unit associated with arid climate with human influence during the Late Roman Period (1.5 kyr cal BP). The morphosedimentary evolution of the Valsalada system is strongly influenced by the geomorphic setting (small catchment with karstic depressions and low gradient slopes on gypsum), the hydrological availability (runoff and groundwater discharges) related to climate variability during the Late Pleistocene-Holocene, and the human activities developed in the area during historical times. The response of the Valsalada system displays a low sensitivity to short-term climatic changes but responds to major long-term climatic conditions, improving the regional paleoenvironmental picture of the Late Quaternary in NE Spain.     

Contemporary kinematics of the Upper Rhine Graben: A 3D finite element approach

The Upper Rhine Graben (URG), a Cenozoic intra-plate rift situated in the Alpine foreland, is presently characterised by relative slow tectonic deformation and low to medium seismicity. Concurrently, it is a region with a significant amount of ongoing subsidence in two recent depocentres (0.1 to 0.2 mm/a geological, 1 mm/a geodetical rate). In this paper, the recent kinematic behaviour of the URG is simulated using a 3D finite element model, containing three lithospheric layers (upper mantle, lower crust and upper crust) with different rheological properties. First order fault structures (e.g. border faults) are implemented as frictional contact surfaces within the upper crustal layer. The stresses generated by applying lateral displacements over a time period of 10 ka are insufficient to obtain a match between predicted and observed stress magnitudes. Therefore, a technique of “combined pre-stressing” has been developed to avoid unrealistic deformation and unrealistic stress magnitudes within the model. The stress magnitudes and stress directions predicted are calibrated against in-situ stress measurements and stress indicator data. For benchmarking of the modelling results, the vertical surface displacements predicted are compared to surface uplift derived from geological and geomorphological data. Furthermore, predicted fault slip rates are compared to available geological and geodetical data. Parameters derived from the calculated stress tensor, such as fracture potential and the regime stress ratio are also analysed in order to describe the possible kinematic behaviour of the URG. The modelling results suggest that the URG is currently being reactivated as a sinistral strike–slip system with the central segment of the URG forming a restraining bend and the two recent depocentres situated in releasing bend settings. The modelling results suggest that both sinistral shearing and mantle uplift are active mechanisms driving the recent kinematics of the URG and that the recent subsidence within the two depocentres is re-enforced by ongoing mantle uplift additionally.     

晚二叠世种籽化石—新属种的发掘与建立

本文根据桐庐县瑶琳镇和平村上二叠统雾林山组（相当于龙潭组）剖面第⑨层中发现的一种奇待的种子化石，经标本描述鉴定，确认其为种子化石的新属种，而建立的奇丽桐庐籽（新属、新种）Tonglucarpusspectabilisgen.etsp.nov,归于晚二叠世。     

渤海湾盆地石炭二叠系稀土元素特征及其地质意义

采集了渤海湾盆地周缘露头剖面和盆内钻井岩心的泥岩及少量灰岩样品,采用电感耦合等离子质谱技术对样品进行了系统的稀土元素测试分析。测试样品稀土总量平均值为290.39 μg/g ,明显大于北美页岩组合样。各样品δEu为0.42~0.83,平均0.67,中度Eu负异常;大多样品Ce含量正常,δCe为0.51~1.22,平均0.97。稀土元素配分模式总体为轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损型,轻稀土段曲线明显“右倾”,重稀土段则较为“平坦”。灰岩及部分泥岩中Ce的负异常指示了晚石炭世本区陆表海的沉积环境特点,古海水为氧化环境。根据稀土元素的Eu异常及总的元素组合特点,判断渤海湾盆地石炭—二叠系沉积物主要来自盆地北缘的阴山古陆,母岩类型为花岗岩。     

青海省俄昌公仁地区尕笛考组火山岩地球化学特征及构造环境

俄昌公仁地区地处西金乌兰—金沙江构造混杂岩带与北羌塘—昌都地体的交汇部位。文章通过对乌丽—开心岭尕笛考组火山岩岩石学、主量元素、稀土元素、微量元素等地质地球化学研究表明:尕笛考组火山岩为典型的钙碱性岩石组合,推断尕笛考组火山岩属于与板块俯冲作用有关的岩浆岛弧带的产物,形成于与板块俯冲作用有关的岛弧构造环境;锆石U-Pb同位素年代为258.5 Ma±4.6 Ma,属晚二叠世早期。     

四川盆地西南部中二叠统白云岩成因分析——来自锶同位素、稀土元素证据

白云岩作为优质的油气储层,其成因一直是沉积学研究热点,通过地球化学分析揭示其流体性质是探究白云岩成因的重要途径。本文通过对川西南中二叠统典型剖面和钻井的碳酸盐岩样品进行岩石学、稀土元素和锶同位素特征研究,分析结果显示:（1）其岩石类型主要有石灰岩、泥微晶白云岩、细-中晶白云岩和鞍形白云石4种。（2）研究区白云岩锶同位素比值（平均值0.709 77）明显高于石灰岩和同期海水,接近全球壳源锶同位素平均比值,显示白云岩化流体是热液来源,同时部分泥微晶白云岩显示海水锶同位素特征。（3）研究区碳酸盐岩相较于同期海相沉积物有较高的δCe值（平均值0.86）,显示其开放的成岩环境。（4）3种类型的白云岩相较于石灰岩有较高的δEu值（平均值0.99）和显著不同的稀土总量特征,显示研究区白云岩与石灰岩成岩流体性质不同且白云岩受到高温影响。综合分析表明,川西南地区白云岩主要是受构造控制的热液白云岩,部分为被岩浆和热液加热的海水改造的热对流白云岩。      

西藏措勤盆地上侏罗统吐卡日组上下段的厘定及其礁灰岩发现的油气勘探意义

西藏班戈县保吉地区各昌茶玉剖面发现晚侏罗世珊瑚化石约12属16种,分别为Calamophylliopsis?sp.,Clausastraea?sp.,Epistreptophyllum cylindratum Milaschevitsch,Epistreptophyllum sp.,Heliocoenia aff.etalloni Koby,Kobyastraea?sp.,Montlivaltia tenuilamellats Roniewicz,Montlivaltia?sp.,Myriophyllia?sp.,Pseudocoenia hexaphyllia(d’Orbigny),Pseudocoenia?sp.,Rhipidogyra?sp.,Stephanastraea?sp.,Stylina?sp.,Stylina cf.subramosa de Fromentel,Thecosmilia?sp.等。化石指示各昌茶玉剖面上部第42—80层时代为晚侏罗世牛津期—基默里奇期,表明各昌茶玉剖面地层并不属于原划的中二叠统下拉组。本文依据化石及岩性特点将其修订为上侏罗统吐卡日组。根据保吉地区的吐卡日组与上下地层的接触关系及其岩性变化可划分为上下两段地层,各昌茶玉剖面代表吐卡日组下段地层,主要为厚层碳酸盐岩夹少量泥页岩及多层礁灰岩。久朗仓剖面代表吐卡日组上段地层,为一套碳酸盐岩夹大量粗碎屑岩地层。吐卡日组下段在措勤盆地内部、班公湖—怒江缝合带内广泛分布,指示晚侏罗世措勤盆地发育大面积广阔稳定的碳酸盐岩台地,其中生物礁表明晚侏罗世碳酸盐岩台地具有优越的油气生成和储集条件。