四川盆地东缘上三叠统须家河组沉积特征

根据露头剖面实测、观察资料,分析和总结了四川盆地东缘上三叠统须家河组(T3x)的地层、岩性特征及沉积相标志.研究区内须家河组岩性为成分成熟度低的砂岩夹泥岩(局部有薄煤层及煤线),结合沉积相标志的研究结果认为其主要为三角洲-湖泊、辫状河、曲流河沉积,且以辫状河沉积为主.三角洲-湖泊沉积在须家河组下部相对发育,包括了沼泽、分流河道、水下分流河道、分流间湾、浅湖等微相类型,辫状河则在该组中部发育,包括了心滩、废弃河道等微相类型,曲流河沉积发育于该组近顶部,包括了边滩、泛滥平原(沼泽)等沉积微相,其中辫状河心滩是区内主要储集体,而三角洲-湖泊泥岩是良好的烃源岩,提出了区内须家河组的沉积相模式.     

鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界砂岩储集层控制因素分析

同沉积期火山作用、物源条件、构造作用、气候条件、沉积作用及成岩作用,是控制鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界砂岩储集层发育的主要因素。同沉积期火山作用提供的易溶火山碎屑组分（包括颗粒和凝灰质填隙物）,对区内中高渗次生溶孔型储集层的形成起决定性控制作用。盆地北部物源区巨厚的、富含中粗粒石英颗粒的风化母岩层集中剥露,是导致盆地内山西—石盒子期中粗粒砂质沉积物集中堆积、形成厚层砂岩沉积的主要原因。局部构造的控制主要表现为：奥陶系被下切较深的继承性洼陷,往往是河流长期作用的厚砂层发育区。气候因素主要通过影响母岩的化学风化作用强度来控制岩石的成分成熟度,盆地二叠系山西组煤系地层中石英砂岩的形成与该区二叠纪潮湿的气候条件有密切的关系。沉积控制包括沉积相带控制和沉积微相控制两方面,前者主要表现在对砂体分布的宏观控制上,后者主要表现为不同砂体微相的物性差异。成岩作用的控制是多方面的,主要分析了该区砂岩在成岩早期的碳酸盐矿物的充填交代和胶结作用对储集层致密化的影响,其形成可能与砂层长期处在近地表潜水面附近的暴露环境有关。     

西南地区早—中二叠世玥类复合标准序列的建立及初步研究

利用西南地区 10条石炭系—二叠系剖面上的类分布建立了该地区早—中二叠世类复合标准序列( CSS) ,总结了类 6 8属 6 32种在该地区的分布延限。根据类物种在复合标准序列上的分布规律 ,阐述了这一时期类动物群物种分异度的变化过程。研究结果表明 ,西南地区类物种分异度在早—中二叠世变化显著 ,共经历过三次快速增长时期 ,分别与假希瓦格亚科、米斯亚科及新希瓦格科的辐射演化有关 ;而物种分异度的两次大幅度下降则分别反映了早二叠世的动物群更替事件及中二叠世集群灭绝事件对本地区类动物的影响。     

内蒙古赤峰地区上二叠统砂(页)岩型铜(金)矿的发现及其地质意义

2007年至2010年原赤峰市金田矿业有限责任公司在勘查巴林右旗馒头沟铜(金)矿时,发现该矿成因类型属于砂(页)岩型铜(金)矿,容矿岩石是上二叠统林西组砂页岩。矿区构造简单,林西组地层为一向SE倾的单斜构造。矿区林西组地层厚度大于600 m,目前已发现含矿地层厚度约214.7 m,含8个矿层,矿体呈层状、似层状、透镜状,矿石矿物以他形粒状黄铜矿和自然金为主,均呈微细浸染状散布于砂页岩中,局部有成岩期后形成的细脉状,地层普遍含黄铁矿。此类矿床在内蒙古乃至北方属首次发现,其研究成果不仅及时指导了馒头沟矿床的勘查,而且对内蒙古乃至北方上二叠统寻找同类矿床具有重要的意义。     

The Upper Pleistocene deposits at Cassington,near Oxford,England

For much of the Middle and all of the Upper Pleistocene the Upper Thames valley has remained outside the limit of ice advance. The main agents of landform evolution have been the River Thames and its tributaries, which have cut down episodically and in so doing have abandoned a series of river terraces. This study reports the findings of an investigation into exposures in the deposits underlying the Floodplain Terrace at Cassington, near Oxford, England. The sequence exposed reveals a stratigraphy of basal, predominantly fine-grained, lithofacies overlain by coarser gravel lithofacies. The fluvial architecture of these deposits indicates a major change in fluvial style from a low-energy (meandering) to a high energy (braided) channel system. The flora and fauna from the lower fine-grained lithofacies display a marked change from temperate at the base, to colder conditions towards the top, indicating a close association between deteriorating climate and changing fluvial depositional style. Amino acid and luminescence geochronology from the basal fine-grained lithofacies suggest correlation with Oxygen Isotope Stage 5 and hence it is argued that the major environmental change recorded at the site relates to the Oxygen Isotope Stage 5–4 transition. Deposition of much of the overlying gravel sequence probably occurred during Oxygen Isotope Stage 4, suggesting that the latter half of the Devensian may be less significant, in terms of fluvial landscape evolution in the Upper Thames valley, than was believed previously. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

鄂尔多斯盆地二叠纪气候特征及其对东北部砂体的影响

通过对鄂尔多斯盆地东北部二叠纪陆相沉积特征和地球化学特征的研究,结合前人的古植物群落研究成果,认为研究区二叠纪存在从山西期湿热气候向石千峰期干热气候转变的过程。造成气候变化的原因与鄂尔多斯盆地当时所处的古纬度、区域构造运动和区域上大规模火山活动有关。气候变化过程控制和影响了该期的沉积特征,造成了山西组-石千峰组在岩石颜色、岩性组合、砂岩的结构和成分成熟度以及砂体展布特征方面的差异。     

滇东黔西上二叠统含煤岩系泥岩粘土矿物组成及环境意义*

滇东黔西上二叠统含煤岩系形成于陆相到海陆过渡相环境中,其泥岩的粘土矿物组成可以反映这种环境背景。该区泥岩粘土矿物类型以高岭石和伊利石/蒙皂石间层矿物为主,伊利石次之,局部层段见较少绿泥石及蒙皂石。垂向上,高岭石在富源后所矿区、盘县盘关矿区剖面中下部（即宣威组中、下段和龙潭组）含量偏高;伊利石在织金矿区剖面上部（长兴组）和下部（龙潭组下段）含量明显偏高,而在剖面中部（龙潭组上段）偏低;伊利石/蒙皂石间层矿物在后所矿区、盘关矿区、纳雍矿区占绝对优势,而在织金矿区仅在剖面中部含量较高,并与伊利石呈明显的负相关关系;蒙皂石含量很少,仅出现于盘关矿区和织金矿区剖面的上部和下部。粘土矿物的上述分布特征可大致反映出龙潭早期为海侵期,龙潭晚期为海退期,长兴期为新的更大的海侵期。平面上,从陆到海,即从滇东的冲积平原河流体系,向东经盘关向斜的上三角洲平原、纳雍的过渡带三角洲平原,到织金的下三角洲平原及潮汐平原,高岭石含量急剧减少,伊利石含量逐渐增加。最为明显的是从滇东河流体系到黔西三角洲—潮坪体系之间高岭石含量骤然减少。     

Geochemical characteristics and depositional environment of the Middle Permian mudstones from central Qiangtang Basin,northern Tibet

Geochemical characteristics of the Middle Permian mudstones from the Longge Formation in the Jiaomuri area, central uplift zone of Qiangtang Basin have been analysed to constrain their provenance, tectonic setting, depositional redox condition and palaeoclimate. Based on the geochemical parameters like CIA, PIA, ICV values and Th/U, K/Rb ratios indicate that the source rocks were affected by low degree weathering conditions. The U/Th, V/Cr, Ni/Co, V/Sc ratios and U_au, C‐values of samples suggest that the mudstones were formed in an oxic environment, with arid palaeoclimate. Bulk‐rock geochemistry analysis indicates that they are mainly arkose and subarkose, derived from dominantly andesitic rocks, probably a mixing of felsic and mafic provenance. The CIA, PIA and ICV values of these samples suggest that the Longge mudstones are compositionally immature and related to moderate weathering. The tectonic discrimination diagrams, as well as critical trace and REE characteristic parameters imply an oceanic arc or continental arc setting for the depositional basin of mudstones from the Longge Formation, probably back‐arc basin. This study supports an occurrence of archipelagic oceanic basins in the Jiaomuri area in the Middle Permian, which provides evidence for the research of the Longmu Co–Shuanghu–Lancangjiang Suture. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

四川盆地北部晚二叠世-早三叠世碳酸盐岩斜坡相带沉积特征

四川盆地东北部宣汉县樊哙以东地区晚二叠世-早三叠世飞仙关期碳酸盐岩台地相-海槽相剖面均出露地表。分隔台地相和海槽相的碳酸盐岩斜坡相的鸡唱剖面距台地边缘相剖面不足１ｋｍ。根据地面露头碳酸盐岩斜坡相带的特征,可在四川盆地北部环开江-梁平海槽的地震反射剖面上有效地识别出碳酸盐岩斜坡相,并划分出浅水、深水碳酸盐沉积区。斜坡相具有明显的倾斜反射,海槽相区大隆组及飞仙关组底部泥岩的强振幅反射在斜坡下部向台地上超并消失。深水相区上二叠统地震波双程反射时间都小于１００ｍｓ且明显短于飞仙关组,而台地相区上二叠统双程反射时间多大于１５０ｍｓ,且与上覆飞仙关组地震波反射时间相近或略长。碳酸盐岩斜坡相倾斜反射的特征表明环海槽的碳酸盐岩斜坡开始发育于晚二叠世中期,并随海侵向碳酸盐岩台地方向迁移,在晚二叠世末期海侵达到顶峰时形成最陡峭的斜坡。飞仙关期斜坡随海平面缓慢下降而逐渐向海槽方向迁移并变缓。晚二叠世末期海槽南端梁平地区斜坡坡度在３°左右,向北东、北西方向变陡,宣汉地区约２０°,苍溪、仪陇地区最高达４０°以上,海槽呈向北逐渐加深的箕形。根据晚二叠世末期斜坡倾斜反射高度计算,开江-梁平海槽的水深在３５０～４５０ｍ左右。苍溪、仪陇及梁平地区飞仙关组斜坡进积明显,宣汉地区的斜坡以加积为主。目前钻遇的最厚鲕滩储集层位于宣汉加积斜坡附近的台地边缘,单井的鲕粒白云岩储集层厚度超过３００ｍ。