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131.
基于网格细分技术的三维地质模型光滑方法研究   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
针对粗糙的三维地质模型,利用网格细分技术,生成加密光滑的三维模型。分析网格细分技术在三维地质建模中的应用需求以及Loop细分和改进的蝶形细分技术,为保持地质体之间公共面数据的一致性,对"改进的蝶形细分法"做了进一步改进,增加了对边界约束的处理。探讨利用细分技术生成多分辨率模型,通过试验验证了该方法的有效性。  相似文献   
132.
参照渔业生物学、渔业资源解析学、数量遗传学等有关理论模型,并应用数值模拟方法,对长期选择性捕捞(重点为渔具选择性)是否参与造成了渔业资源的生物学变化(体长、性成熟等)进行某些基础性探索。设计了一个具有一定体长遗传特征的模拟鱼类种群,并利用一种具有固定选择性参数的拖网对其进行长期捕捞。结果表明,多年的持续的捕捞压力使得模拟种群中鱼类体长逐渐减小,减小的幅度随开发率的增大而增大,而终止捕捞后种群的体长并没有发生恢复的迹象,说明这种变化很可能伴随种群遗传的变化,具有自然不可逆性。  相似文献   
133.
A three-dimensional finite element model is used to investigate the formation of shallow-water eddies in the wake of Rattray Island (Great Barrier Reef, Australia). Field measurements and visual observations show that stable eddies develop in the lee of the island at rising and falling tides. The water turbidity downstream of the island suggests the existence of strong upwelling that would be responsible for carrying bed sediments up to the sea surface. We first propose to look at the upwelling velocity and then use the theory of the age to diagnose vertical transport. The water age is defined as the time elapsed since particles of water left the sea bottom, where the age is prescribed to be zero. Two versions of this diagnosis are considered. Although the model predicts upwelling within the eddies, it is not sufficiently intense to account for vertical transport throughout the water column during the life span of the eddies. As mesh resolution increases, this upwelling does not intensify. However, strong upwelling is then resolved off the island's tips, which is confirmed by the results obtained with the age. This study also shows that the finite element method, together with unstructured meshes, performs well for representing three-dimensional flow past an island.  相似文献   
134.
135.
Understanding factors affecting the behaviour and movement patterns of the African elephant is important for wildlife conservation, especially in increasingly human-dominated savanna landscapes. Currently, knowledge on how landscape fragmentation and vegetation productivity affect elephant speed of movement remains poorly understood. In this study, we tested whether landscape fragmentation and vegetation productivity explains elephant speed of movement in the Amboseli ecosystem in Kenya. We used GPS collar data from five elephants to quantify elephant speed of movement for three seasons (wet, dry and transitional). We then used multiple regression to model the relationship between speed of movement and landscape fragmentation, as well as vegetation productivity for each season. Results of this study demonstrate that landscape fragmentation and vegetation productivity predicted elephant speed of movement poorly (R2 < 0.4) when used as solitary covariates. However, a combination of the covariates significantly (p < 0.05) explained variance in elephant speed of movement with improved R2 values of 0.69, 0.45, 0.47 for wet, transition and dry seasons, respectively.  相似文献   
136.
Geometric buffers are important for spatial analysis in many applications of geographic information systems (GISs), such as environmental measurement and management, human health, urban planning, etc. Geometric buffer generation algorithms are well studied in the Euclidean space where the buffer distance is measured by Euclidean metrics; however, very few algorithms are available for generating geometric buffers on the terrain surface in a virtual globe where the buffer distance is measured by geodesic metrics. This paper proposes a tile-based method for geodesic buffer generation according to the characteristics of a virtual globe. It extends the vector tile model (VTM) to organize terrain and vector data, and the XYH algorithm is improved to build geodesic distance fields for terrain meshes. Based on the data organization and the improved XYH algorithm, a geodesic buffer is generated via three main steps: selecting and assembling tiles, updating geodesic distance fields and tracing the boundaries of buffer zones. This method is implemented with multi-scale terrain and vector data, and the experimental results show that it is valid and exact and can be applied in practical applications.  相似文献   
137.
The determination of the optimum excavation sequences in mining and civil engineering using numerical stress analysis procedures requires repeated solution of large models. Often such models contain much more complexity and geometric detail than required to arrive at an accurate stress analysis solution, especially considering our limited knowledge of rock mass properties. This paper develops an automated framework for estimating the effects of excavations at a region of interest, and optimizing the geometry used for stress analysis. It eliminates or simplifies the excavations in a model while maintaining the accuracy of analysis results. The framework can equally be applied to two‐dimensional boundary and finite element models. The framework will have the largest impact for non‐linear finite element analysis. It can significantly reduce computational times for such analysis by simplifying models. Error estimators are used in the framework to assess accuracy. The advantages of applying the framework are demonstrated on an excavation‐sequencing scenario. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   
138.
Strain gradient implies an important characteristic in localized damage deformation, which can be observed in the softening state of brittle materials, and strain gradients constitute the basic behaviours of localization failure area of the materials. The most important point in strain gradient is its damaging function including an internal length scale, which can be used to express the scale effects of mechanical responses of brittle rock mass. By extending the strain gradient theory and introducing an intrinsic material length scale into the constitutive law, the authors develop an isotropic damage model as well as a micro‐crack‐based anisotropic damage model for rock‐like materials in this paper. The proposed models were used to simulate the damage localization under uniaxial tension and plain strain compression, respectively. The simulated results well illustrated the potential of these models in dealing with the well‐known mesh‐sensitivity problem in FEM. In the computation, elements with C1 continuity have been implemented to incorporate the proposed models for failure localization. When regular rectangle elements are encountered, the coupling between finite difference method (FDM) and conventional finite element method (FEM) is used to avoid large modification to the existing FEM code, and to obtain relatively higher efficiency and reasonably good accuracy. Application of the anisotropic model to the 3D‐non‐linear FEM analysis of Ertan arch dam has been conducted and the results of its numerical simulation coincide well with those from the failure behaviours obtained by Ertan geophysical model test. In this paper, new applications of gradient theories and models for a feasible approach to simulate localized damage in brittle materials are presented. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   
139.
高精度有限差分WENO格式在结构网格上处理具有复杂几何外形绕流问题时较困难,而虚拟单元浸入边界法却是一种较新颖且对网格的要求较低的方法,适用于复杂几何外形边界的处理.为此,在笛卡尔网格上采用WENO格式以求解Euler守恒律方程,试图将两者有效结合起来,希望能在笛卡尔网格上处理具有复杂几何外形的物体绕流问题.最后,几个经典数值算例的结果验证了该方法的有效性.  相似文献   
140.
李爱华  周述学  陈魁  纪雷  洪杰 《气象科技》2013,41(4):626-629
针对黄山光明顶的Parsivel激光降水粒子谱仪在实际观测中出现的问题,给出了可行的解决方法.仪器自动连续观测以来每天09:00-16:00采样数据均出现异常谱,经排查发现这个时段恰好是CINRAD/SA雷达观测时段,所以考虑异常数据由雷达电磁辐射或周围电磁场的影响造成,并简要探索了其影响原因.根据金属可以屏蔽电磁波的性质,在确保钢丝网完全屏蔽雷达的电磁辐射下,考虑尽量不影响仪器周围的流场结构且易于固定等因素,经过多次试验,最终选定在雷达方向靠近雨滴谱仪器约3 m处安放钢丝网,完全屏蔽了雷达观测时对仪器的辐射,保障了观测资料的可靠性.  相似文献   
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