养护期介入电迁阻锈保障混凝土耐久性试验研究

沿海地区氯盐侵蚀会对混凝土结构造成严重的耐久性问题,混凝土设计使用寿命难以保障。对于新建工程,若在自由水含量较高混凝土养护期进行电迁阻锈处理,则有利于电迁移性阻锈剂在钢筋周围聚集以达到更佳的阻锈效果。为此,针对两种电迁移性阻锈剂对处于氯盐侵蚀环境中的混凝土适用性展开研究,并测试了干湿循环前后混凝土内钢筋电化学参数、氯离子扩散特征及钢筋周围电迁移性阻锈剂含量研究两种电迁移性阻锈剂对混凝土耐久性保障的作用。结果表明,试验中养护期介入电迁阻锈后试件阻锈效果良好,经过干湿循环后钢筋腐蚀电位正向高于-162.6 m V,同时,钢筋附近出现明显的阻锈剂聚集现象,能保持钢筋的钝化状态。     

土石围堰中混凝土防渗墙设计方案的数值优化

土石围堰中防渗墙的结构对坝基渗流量及坝体稳定性具有重要的影响,因此优化防渗墙的尺寸十分有必要。本文以珠江流域某水利枢纽工程施工中的土石围堰为例,采用有限元法,对防渗墙的厚度和嵌入弱风化层基岩的深度进行了优化研究,分别模拟了有防渗墙和无防渗墙两种情况下围堰的防渗效果,共设计了33种计算方案。将坝基单宽渗流量、防渗墙后作用水头、防渗墙底部和坝脚溢出点的水力比降分别与其允许值进行了对比分析,提出了防渗墙的优化尺寸。研究结果表明：防渗墙厚度的变化对防渗效果影响较小;增大防渗墙的入岩深度,可以有效控制本围堰工程的单宽渗流量和防渗墙后作用水头;防渗墙底部水力比降的变化与防渗墙入岩深度有关,当入岩深度在0~8 m时,水力比降随入岩深度的增大而减小并呈先快后慢的趋势,当入岩深度在8~12 m时,水力比降随入岩深度的增大而增大,超过10 m时水力比降骤增。考虑经济因素和施工的方便性,满足防渗设计要求的防渗墙最优设计参数为厚度0.8 m、嵌入弱风化层基岩深度2 m。     

单轴压缩CT实验条件下混凝土细观结构破裂分析

在圆柱混凝土单轴压缩CT试验的基础上,利用计算机层析成像技术提供的混凝土体损伤破裂演化图像,定义每一点的Cr数变化量为该像素点CT数与其后紧邻的同行像素点、其下紧邻的同列像素点的CT数差的绝对值中的较大值.根据CT数在扫描断面上的分布规律,设定了提取疑似裂纹区的像素点CT数变化量标准值ξ=20,进行了疑似裂纹区的检出操作.并对其上的几何信息和CT数进行了统计,接着定义了裂纹长度和宽度,利用该参数对裂纹尺寸进行了计算.该工作对于推动混凝土工程CT图像定量化描述具有一定意义.     

横向预应力混凝土梁的抗剪性能试验研究

通过4根加配横向预应力筋的钢筋混凝土梁和1根普通钢筋混凝土梁的对比试验,初步考察了横向预应力筋对提高钢筋混凝土梁抗剪性能的良好效果。研究结果表明:(1)加配横向预应力筋并施加适当预应力之后,钢筋混凝土梁的抗剪承载力提高70%以上,即使在不施加预应力的情况下,梁的抗剪承载力也约有40%的增长;(2)在横向预应力筋的总截面面积一定的情况下,采用直径较小的横向预应力筋和较小的间距,更有助于改善钢筋混凝土梁的破坏形态。     

Load history-based model for prestressed concrete beam damage evaluation

The residual capability of a damaged structure to resist further load is essential in optimal seismic design and post-earthquake strengthening. An experimental study on the hysteretic characteristics of prestressed concrete frame beams under different loading histories was performed to explore the influence of load history on energy dissipation and failure characteristics of the member. Based on the test results, the failure of the beam is def ined, and the relationship between the failure moment under cyclic load and from the skeleton curve is formulated. Finally, based on displacement and energy dissipation, a model for prestressed concrete beam damage-failure evaluation is developed. In this model, the effect of deformation level, cumulative dissipated energy, and loading history on prestressed concrete beam damage–failure is incorporated, thus it is applicable to stochastic earthquake forces.     

THE N2 METHOD FOR THE SEISMIC DAMAGE ANALYSIS OF RC BUILDINGS

A comprehensive, though relatively simple, non-linear method for the seismic damage analysis of reinforced concrete buildings (the N2 method) has been elaborated. The basic features of the method are: the use of two separate mathematical models, application of the response spectrum approach and of the non-linear static analysis, and the choice of a damage model which includes cumulative damage. The method yields results of reasonable accuracy provided that the structure oscillates predominantly in the first mode. Three variants of a seven-storey building have been used as illustrative examples for the application of the method. Four different types of the analysis, with different degrees of sophistication, have been performed in order to estimate the influence of several assumptions and approximations used in the N2 method.     

EFFECT OF MODELLING ASSUMPTIONS AND INPUT MOTION CHARACTERISTICS ON SEISMIC DESIGN PARAMETERS OF RC BRIDGE PIERS

Modelling assumptions, boundary and loading conditions have a significant effect on analytical assessment of ductility supply and demand measures for RC bridges, a structural form which had suffered extensively in recent earthquakes. In recognition of the important role played by analysis in advancing seismic design of bridges, this paper is concerned with assessing the effect of model characteristics and earthquake strong-motion selection on analytical action and deformation seismic design parameters. This is of particular significance when viewed in the light of the large capital investment and problems with the satisfaction of dynamic similitude encountered in physical testing of piers and pier-deck assemblies. The models studied range between simple fixed-base cantilever and inclusion of both soil and deck effects, represented by assemblies of springs in translational and rotational degrees of freedom. Moreover, two sets of earthquake records are used in dynamic analysis, each comprising six records covering low, intermediate and high a/v, where a and v are the peak ground acceleration and velocity, respectively. The two sets differ in the scaling procedure employed to bring them to a common level of severity; the first set is obtained by direct acceleration scaling whilst the second utilizes the concept of velocity spectral intensity. The results from static and dynamic analysis, using advanced material characterization and solution procedures, are assessed and discussed. Subject to the limitations of the study, outlined in the paper, the results indicate that the inclusion of deck stiffness and/or soil representation is essential to avail of accurate seismic response parameters. However, the effect of variations in soil stiffness and/or deck torsional rigidity applied in the analysis is rather small, compared to the inclusion/exclusion of the model feature. Moreover, it is also observed that using acceleration scaling leads to much larger scatter in the results than when velocity spectral intensity scaling is used. Finally, the results from two particular earthquakes, Friuli and El Centro, highlight the peril of using a small number of records selected without due consideration to the relationship between their wave form, predominant periods and spectral shapes on the one hand and the response periods of the structure on the other.     

SEISMIC PERFORMANCE OF AN INSTRUMENTED TEN-STOREY REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDING

Results from analytical studies conducted on an instrumented ten-storey reinforced concrete building which experienced ground accelerations in excess of 0⋅6g during the 1987 Whittier-Narrows California earthquake and suffered only minimal damage are presented. Using the dynamic characteristics inferred from accelerations recorded in the building during the earthquake, a mathematical model was calibrated to study the response of the building and to explain its good behaviour despite the apparent severity of the motions recorded in the basement of the building. Very good correlation was obtained between the computed and recorded response of the building. Non-linear analyses were conducted to evaluate the strength and deformation capacity of the building and to estimate its response in the event of more severe earthquake ground motions. Special emphasis is given to the evaluation of the overstrength of the building. Lateral overstrengths larger than 4⋅2 and larger than 5⋅7 were computed for the longitudinal and transverse directions of the building, respectively. It is concluded that these high levels overstrength in the building played an important role in limiting the damage during the Whittier-Narrow earthquake. Since the estimation of inelastic deformations during severe earthquake ground motions depends on the actual strength of the building, it is recommended to consider explicitly probable values of this overstrength in the strength reduction factors.     

爆破地震波在砼重力坝中的特性反应

根据某大坝右岸围堰爆破，对爆破地震波三维空间的频谱、加速度、速度、动力放大倍数进行了研究，得到爆破地震波在砼重力坝的不同高度、不同方向、不同介质中的反应特性。     

预防水下灌注混凝土质量事故的对策

通过工程对比试验和施工实例，描述了桩基工程水下灌注混凝土的运动过程，指出了从业人员在施工中存在的认知误区，对漏筋（缩径）、浮笼、断桩等常见桩基事故发生的原因进行分析，提出了有别于施工规范和相关施工手册上解释的新观点，在施工实践中总结出了避免水下灌注混凝土常见质量事故的新办法——拔管后导管埋深以1m为度控制法，并将这种方法归纳总结为“跑步”理论。