土石围堰中混凝土防渗墙设计方案的数值优化

土石围堰中防渗墙的结构对坝基渗流量及坝体稳定性具有重要的影响,因此优化防渗墙的尺寸十分有必要。本文以珠江流域某水利枢纽工程施工中的土石围堰为例,采用有限元法,对防渗墙的厚度和嵌入弱风化层基岩的深度进行了优化研究,分别模拟了有防渗墙和无防渗墙两种情况下围堰的防渗效果,共设计了33种计算方案。将坝基单宽渗流量、防渗墙后作用水头、防渗墙底部和坝脚溢出点的水力比降分别与其允许值进行了对比分析,提出了防渗墙的优化尺寸。研究结果表明：防渗墙厚度的变化对防渗效果影响较小;增大防渗墙的入岩深度,可以有效控制本围堰工程的单宽渗流量和防渗墙后作用水头;防渗墙底部水力比降的变化与防渗墙入岩深度有关,当入岩深度在0~8 m时,水力比降随入岩深度的增大而减小并呈先快后慢的趋势,当入岩深度在8~12 m时,水力比降随入岩深度的增大而增大,超过10 m时水力比降骤增。考虑经济因素和施工的方便性,满足防渗设计要求的防渗墙最优设计参数为厚度0.8 m、嵌入弱风化层基岩深度2 m。     

Model tests on open-ended concrete pipe piles jacked in sand

Abstract

An experimental study of the performance of concrete pipe piles during installation under different penetration speeds and static load tests on the piles in sand is presented. The applied jacking force, the amount of pile penetration, length of soil plug formed and ultimate bearing capacity were measured during the model tests. The results showed that the concrete pipe piles were partially plugged and the behavior of the soil plug was significantly affected by the penetration speed. The lower the penetration speed, the larger the soil plug formed which in turn leads to a greater ultimate bearing capacity. The size of soil plug can be evaluated by the m value defined as the ratio of the volume of the soil plug to that of the penetrated pile wall. The relationship between the m value and the penetration speeds can be used to estimate the amount of soil plug and the depth of penetration for an open-ended concrete pipe pile jacked into sand.     

单轴压缩CT实验条件下混凝土细观结构破裂分析

在圆柱混凝土单轴压缩CT试验的基础上,利用计算机层析成像技术提供的混凝土体损伤破裂演化图像,定义每一点的Cr数变化量为该像素点CT数与其后紧邻的同行像素点、其下紧邻的同列像素点的CT数差的绝对值中的较大值.根据CT数在扫描断面上的分布规律,设定了提取疑似裂纹区的像素点CT数变化量标准值ξ=20,进行了疑似裂纹区的检出操作.并对其上的几何信息和CT数进行了统计,接着定义了裂纹长度和宽度,利用该参数对裂纹尺寸进行了计算.该工作对于推动混凝土工程CT图像定量化描述具有一定意义.     

淹没海滩护底混凝土联锁排稳定厚度公式研究

在介绍荷兰公式、水利部规范公式及半理论半经验公式的基础上,研究各公式的工作状态和失稳机理,同时对半理论半经验公式进行了合理简化。研究结果表明,三个公式的工作状态并不相同,对于常年淹没且处于破波水深范围内的海滩护底一类工程,半理论半经验公式较为合适;对于非淹没的斜坡护坡,荷兰或水利部公式较为适用。研究同时表明,当模数k位于0.88至1.00范围时,半理论半经验公式中理论系数β可以取最大值0.298,由此得到波浪作用下海滩护底工程混凝土联锁排稳定厚度的简化计算公式,与原公式相比,计算结果相近而且偏于安全。     

基于BP人工神经网络的人工海水侵蚀对混凝土强度影响的试验研究

混凝土受盐害侵蚀破坏直接影响混凝土的强度和耐久性。针对混凝土受盐害侵蚀破坏功能函数不能明确表达及非线性程度高的特点,利用BP人工神经网络进行分析,在大量试验数据基础上,通过计算方法的优化和样本的训练,对隐含层和各隐含单元多次试取,最优选取trainglm训练函数,建立盐害预测的人工神经网络系统。解析结果表明,混凝土试件抗压强度预测值和试验实测值的相对误差较小,建立的人工神经网络模型具有较高的预测精度。     

Chemical degradation characteristics of reinforced concrete reefs in South Korea

The chemical degradation characteristics of reinforced concrete reefs, which had been fully immersed in Tongyeong waters of South Korea for 18–25 years, were studied. In order to investigate the marine environmental impact on the concrete reefs, environmental factors, for example pH, have been observed between 1997 and 2002. Then, four reinforced concrete reefs recovered from different sites in Tongyeong waters were nondestructively tested. Finally, those test results were analyzed to determine the chemical deterioration. Based on the test results, it is shown that the reinforced concrete reefs have sound chemical properties and their originally estimated service life is secure enough for a further service period in water depths of 28–32 m. A concrete cover depth of 40 mm is recommended for the design of reinforced concrete reefs to achieve safety in marine environments and special events occurring during installation and construction.     

横向预应力混凝土梁的抗剪性能试验研究

通过4根加配横向预应力筋的钢筋混凝土梁和1根普通钢筋混凝土梁的对比试验,初步考察了横向预应力筋对提高钢筋混凝土梁抗剪性能的良好效果。研究结果表明:(1)加配横向预应力筋并施加适当预应力之后,钢筋混凝土梁的抗剪承载力提高70%以上,即使在不施加预应力的情况下,梁的抗剪承载力也约有40%的增长;(2)在横向预应力筋的总截面面积一定的情况下,采用直径较小的横向预应力筋和较小的间距,更有助于改善钢筋混凝土梁的破坏形态。     

Load history-based model for prestressed concrete beam damage evaluation

The residual capability of a damaged structure to resist further load is essential in optimal seismic design and post-earthquake strengthening. An experimental study on the hysteretic characteristics of prestressed concrete frame beams under different loading histories was performed to explore the influence of load history on energy dissipation and failure characteristics of the member. Based on the test results, the failure of the beam is def ined, and the relationship between the failure moment under cyclic load and from the skeleton curve is formulated. Finally, based on displacement and energy dissipation, a model for prestressed concrete beam damage-failure evaluation is developed. In this model, the effect of deformation level, cumulative dissipated energy, and loading history on prestressed concrete beam damage–failure is incorporated, thus it is applicable to stochastic earthquake forces.     

爆破地震波在砼重力坝中的特性反应

根据某大坝右岸围堰爆破，对爆破地震波三维空间的频谱、加速度、速度、动力放大倍数进行了研究，得到爆破地震波在砼重力坝的不同高度、不同方向、不同介质中的反应特性。     

长螺旋混凝土压灌桩在地基处理中的应用

茂名石化100万t/a乙烯改扩建工程场地位于破碎带上，场区地质条件复杂。在厂区地基处理中，采用长螺旋混凝土压灌施工方法。施工过程中严格对正桩孔，控制转速，按比例合理配制混凝土，并针对该类型桩施工中常见的7种质量缺陷提出了相应解决方案和控制措施。