Probabilistic development of shear strength model for reinforced concrete squat walls

In order to reconcile the larger scatter and avoid the biased estimate from deterministic predictions for the shear strength of reinforced concrete (RC) squat structural walls, a probabilistic shear strength model is developed in this paper based on the strut‐and‐tie model and the generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation (GLUE) method. The strut‐and‐tie model is used to derive an appropriate function form for the probabilistic shear strength model, where four unknown model parameters (e.g. k₁, k₂, k₃ and k₄) are defined carefully to guarantee them having a clear physical‐based meaning so that the corresponding prior distribution ranges can be specified reasonably. Then, the GLUE method is adopted to estimate the posterior cumulative distribution of k₁, k₂, k₃ and k₄ with an available experimental database. Furthermore, to demonstrate the stability of the estimated posterior cumulative distribution, the sensitivity of three major aspects in GLUE method is investigated. Finally, based on the estimated cumulative distribution of k₁, k₂, k₃ and k₄, the developed probabilistic shear strength model is simplified as a mean prediction model and a standard deviation prediction model for facilitate using in engineering practice. Therefore, with the developed probabilistic shear strength model, not only can the squat structural walls be designed in confidence, but the accuracy of those deterministic predictions can be evaluated in a probabilistic manner. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Failure simulation of shear‐critical RC columns with non‐ductile detailing under lateral load

Reinforced concrete columns with non‐ductile detailing typically exhibit a softening behavior characterized by severe degradation when subjected to cyclic lateral loads. Whether the response is brittle or ductile, shear failure occurs with an inclined through crack along which sliding occurs coupled with loss of horizontal and vertical load‐bearing capacity of the member. The rapid loss of resistance after the peak strength is reached is because of one or more of the following local failure mechanisms: brittle failure of poorly confined concrete; buckling of longitudinal reinforcing bars because of lack of adequate transverse reinforcement or following opening of stirrups after spalling of cover concrete; bond failure. In this study, a modeling strategy to build a detailed 3D finite element model capable of capturing all of the above‐mentioned local failure mechanisms is presented. In particular, a steel–concrete interface model for representing the interaction within the member between concrete core, cover and longitudinal and transverse reinforcement is proposed. Comparison with results of an experimental test of a shear‐sensitive column demonstrates the effectiveness of the simulation up to failure of the element. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

R/C frame–infill interaction model and its application to Indonesian buildings

This paper proposes a new analytical model for masonry‐infilled R/C frames to evaluate the seismic performance considering R/C frame–infill interactions. The proposed analytical model replaces masonry infill with a diagonal compression strut, which represents distributed compression transferred between frame and infill interfaces. The equivalent strut width is presented as a function of the frame–infill contact length, which can be evaluated by static equilibriums related to compression balance and lateral displacement compatibility at the frame–infill interfaces. The proposed analytical model was verified through comparisons with experimental results obtained for several brick masonry‐infilled R/C frames representing a typical R/C building with nonstructural masonry infill in Indonesia. As a result, good agreements were observed between the experimental and analytical values of the lateral strength and ductility of the infilled frames. The seismic performances of two earthquake‐damaged R/C buildings with different damage conditions were evaluated considering infill effects by applying the proposed analytical model. Consequently, the nonstructural brick masonry infill significantly affected the seismic resistances of the buildings, which seemed to lead to differing levels of damage for each building. These results indicate that the proposed analytical model can be an effective tool for more precisely screening earthquake‐vulnerable existing R/C buildings in Indonesia. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.     

再生混凝土的低温抗震性变化对比分析

再生混凝土作为建筑材料在被使用前,需要对其低温抗震性能做出分析。但目前我国是全球新建筑数量最多的国家,再生混凝土成本低、需求量大,建筑方根据对普通混凝土的印象,直接将再生混凝土应用到建筑工程建设中,其中存在低温抗震性能不明确的问题。针对这个问题,提出再生混凝土的低温抗震性变化对比分析,通过再生混凝土的材料配比及实验搭建设计再生混凝土低温抗震结构模型。根据其指标对其低温抗冻性能、加速度变化、损伤指标、刚度稳定性、层位移变化等几个方面进行变化对比分析。对比实验结果表明:再生混凝土当含气量在逐渐降低时,其保温效果降低,强度在降低,抗冻性也在降低,耐久性和稳定性较差,并且在地震后楼层间的位移和加速度变化较大,不能保证楼层的稳定性;位移角无法降低到最小;随着位移和负载地震力不断增加,再生混凝土逐渐产生开裂变化,刚度减小速度较快,刚度退化程度较大,低温抗震性能较差。     

轨道交通典型隔振屏障隔振效果模型试验研究

为了研究轨道交通中几种典型隔振屏障的隔振效果,本文通过室外模型试验,以振动加速度级作为振动评价标准,对其做出分析并给出相应评价。结果表明:(1)土体振动主要是由中低频振动波引起的;(2)对比分析几种典型连续隔振屏障的隔振效果:空沟>地下连续墙>碎石填充沟>橡胶填充沟;综合考察几种非连续隔振屏障得出:混凝土桩的隔振效果优于隔振井;隔振效果优劣比较为:混凝土实心桩>混凝土空心桩>PVC空井>碎石填充井>橡胶填充井;(3)对于单排混凝土空心桩,空心率越大,隔振效果相对越差;空心桩内部形状的改变对隔振效果影响不大,外部形状的改变对隔振效果有一定程度影响,但效果不显著,且桩体外截面为方形时的隔振效果较圆形差。     

自然腐蚀环境下钢筋混凝土梁疲劳应用性能试验研究

在海岸与近海结构工程中被广泛应用的钢筋混凝土构件,由于长期处在有海水腐蚀、干湿交替和循环荷载的严酷环境中,导致钢筋因侵蚀结构严重损伤。本文对6根钢筋混凝土试验梁进行了腐蚀与循环荷载作用下的疲劳试验研究,循环荷载幅值设计为2%～40%P_u和2%～60%P_u两种,对试验梁在大气环境中、淡水环境中和海水腐蚀环境中疲劳破坏情况进行试验探索,研究在三种环境与循环荷载作用下钢筋混凝土构件的力学性能及刚度损伤演化规律,同时分析了破坏形态、裂缝宽度、挠度的发展规律和疲劳寿命。结果表明:腐蚀与循环荷载共同作用下,短期内腐蚀溶液不会对梁内部钢筋造成显著影响从而降低耐久性;在循环次数达到一定范围内,试验梁耐久性降低42%,其中两个试验梁在循环荷载上限为0.6P_u时的耐久性分别降低54%和37%。     

再生钢筋混凝土柱疲劳性能多尺度研究

再生混凝土是一种绿色、可循环建筑材料。当其用于结构构件时,可能会因遭受荷载作用而发生疲劳现象。因此,针对不同再生骨料掺合比(0,50%,100%)的再生钢筋混凝土试件进行疲劳强度试验,通过多尺度(微观和宏观)观察并分析试件,分析受轴心和偏心疲劳荷载作用下不同掺合比的再生钢筋混凝土试件疲劳性能差异。此试验方法和数据结果可为研究、分析其在工程中的运用提供基础依据。     

钢筋混凝土框架结构震后可存活概率预测方法研究

针对当前钢筋混凝土震后存活预测相关方法存在预测值与实际值拟合度低的问题,提出基于有限元的钢筋混凝土框架结构震后可存活概率预测方法。利用混凝土本构模型关联数值和钢筋本构模型数值计算,实现钢筋混凝土框架材料本构模型关联数值分析。结合建筑和结构施工图实现钢筋混凝土有限元模拟,将钢筋混凝土框架有限元模型的最大竖向荷载作为结构整体构造竖向极限承载力,并引入随机Pushdown方法及随机竖向IDA法得到钢筋混凝土框架震后可存活概率。经实验证明,将有限元应用至钢筋混凝土框架结构震后可存活概率预测中切实可行;预测值与实际值拟合度高于目前常用方法。所提方法的性能完善,可为该领域发展提供可借鉴的信息。     

强震区轻骨料混凝土桥梁地震响应研究

为研究轻骨料混凝土桥梁的地震响应,以一座强震区典型连续梁桥为研究对象,在考虑轻骨料混凝土材料特性基础上建立桥梁结构有限元分析模型,采用非线性动力时程分析法进行结构地震响应分析,研究轻骨料混凝土材料布设位置对桥梁结构动力特性和地震响应的影响,并从内力和位移响应方面与普通混凝土桥梁进行对比。结果表明:与普通混凝土桥梁相比,仅上部结构或仅下部结构采用轻骨料混凝土对降低桥墩内力并不明显,而全桥采用轻骨料混凝土能够显著降低桥墩内力。轻骨料混凝土桥梁与普通混凝土桥梁地震内力和位移响应变化趋势不同,桥墩塑性发展程度和时间存在差异。采用轻骨料混凝土桥梁方案时,应综合考虑结构质量、刚度分布及材料塑性特性与普通混凝土桥梁的不同,合理确定抗震设计方案。     

新型钢筋搭接灌浆套筒节点力学性能试验及有限元分析

对一种新型钢筋搭接灌浆套筒节点进行了力学性能试验研究和有限元分析。共设计了9组节点试件,变化的参数包括:搭接长度和钢筋直径、套筒壁厚和套筒端部约束方式。通过试验研究得出:套筒壁厚对灌浆料的约束作用较大,壁厚不宜小于5mm;套筒端部不做处理时节点的连接效果更好。基于试验结果采用ABAQUS软件进行了有限元补充分析,通过对比验证了有限元模型各个假设和本构模型取值的合理性。本研究以期为装配式混凝土结构的钢筋连接研究提供参考。